EP1429002A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1429002A2 EP1429002A2 EP03104404A EP03104404A EP1429002A2 EP 1429002 A2 EP1429002 A2 EP 1429002A2 EP 03104404 A EP03104404 A EP 03104404A EP 03104404 A EP03104404 A EP 03104404A EP 1429002 A2 EP1429002 A2 EP 1429002A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- acoustic
- injection
- fuel
- burner
- modulated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
- F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
- F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
- F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
- F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2205/00—Pulsating combustion
- F23C2205/10—Pulsating combustion with pulsating fuel supply
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for influencing thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system with at least a burner and at least one combustion chamber with the features of Preamble of claim 1 and with the features of the preamble of Claim 7.
- thermoacoustic vibrations denotes mutually rocking thermal and acoustic disturbances. High vibration amplitudes can occur, which can lead to undesirable effects, such as a high mechanical load on the combustion chamber, an increased NO x emission due to inhomogeneous combustion and even an extinguishing of the flame. This is especially true for combustion systems with low acoustic damping. In order to ensure high performance in terms of pulsations and emissions over a wide operating range, active control of the combustion vibrations may be necessary.
- thermoacoustic vibrations by influencing that the developing in the area of the burner Shear layer is acoustically excited.
- thermoacoustic vibrations to influence that a liquid or gaseous injection Fuel modulated.
- the known devices and methods are each for influencing one specific interference frequency of the thermoacoustic vibrations.
- certain applications can also use vibration systems several interference frequencies occur, it being possible in particular that the Reduction of the disruptive effect of a main interference frequency the disruptive effect a secondary interference frequency amplified.
- thermoacoustic To show vibrations in a combustion system in particular influencing thermoacoustic vibrations with two or more Interference frequencies should be made possible.
- the invention is based on the general idea of multiple interference frequencies to influence the thermoacoustic vibrations separately. hereby can have adverse interactions in fighting one Interference frequency can cause an amplification of the other interference frequency, be reduced or eliminated. It has been shown that through the Procedure according to the invention at least the attenuation of the main interference frequency can be significantly strengthened.
- two interference frequencies exclusively through acoustic excitation of the gas flow with vibrations different phases and / or amplitudes can be influenced.
- this Embodiment can influence two interference frequencies on one modulated injection can be dispensed with. Influencing the Thereby, thermal-acoustic vibrations are mainly acoustic Path.
- thermoacoustic vibrations are influenced here mainly through fuel injection.
- a device 1 according to the invention comprises a controller 2, which is here only by a broken line symbolized frame is symbolized.
- the device 1 also has at least one acoustic source 3 and / or at least one control valve 4 a fuel supply device, not otherwise shown.
- the Device 1 is assigned to a combustion system 5, which is usually has at least one burner 6 and at least one combustion chamber 7. to Simplification are burner 6 and combustion chamber 7 by a common one Rectangle symbolizes.
- the exemplary embodiments shown here differ essentially in that the controller 2 two in the variant according to FIG. 1 controls separate acoustic sources 3, while according to the variant FIG. 2 controls two separate control valves 4 and in the variant according to FIG. 3 controls an acoustic source 3 and a control valve 4.
- the controller 2 two in the variant according to FIG. 1 controls separate acoustic sources 3, while according to the variant FIG. 2 controls two separate control valves 4 and in the variant according to FIG. 3 controls an acoustic source 3 and a control valve 4.
- One of the control valves 4 is designated 4 ′ when two control valves 4 are provided.
- the controller 2 contains two control paths 8 and 9 for this purpose contain a frequency band pass filter 10 on the input side. Since the two Frequency band pass filter 10 tuned to different interference frequencies are, a frequency band pass filter is designated 10 '.
- a frequency band pass filter is designated 10 '.
- the Control paths 8, 9 is the frequency band pass filter 10, 10 'each Time delay element 11 or 11 'connected, which in turn a Amplifier element 12 is connected downstream.
- the two are on the output side Control paths 8, 9 either with one of the acoustic sources 3 or with one the control valves 4 connected.
- each controller 2 contains a control algorithm 13 which is shown in FIG Depending on incoming signals, corresponding signals to the input sides the control paths 8, 9 delivers.
- the control algorithm 13 receives its Input signals from a sensor system, not shown here, for measurement thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion system 5 is formed.
- the Signals determined by the sensor system correlate with the thermoacoustic Vibrations in the combustion system 5.
- the measured signals can thereby be pressure signals.
- the sensors then include pressure sensors, preferably microphones, in particular water-cooled microphones and / or Microphones with piezoelectric pressure transducers. It is also possible that the signals measured by the sensors using chemical luminescence signals are formed, preferably by chemiluminescent signals from the emission one of the radicals OH or CH.
- the sensor system can then expediently be optical Sensors for visible or infrared radiation, especially optical ones Have fiber probes.
- the pressure or measured in the combustion chamber 7, for example Luminescence signal is filtered in the frequency band pass filters 10, 10 '.
- the frequency band pass filters 10, 10 ' By the different pass frequencies of the frequency band pass filter 10, 10 'becomes the desired separate influencing of two different ones Interference frequencies, for example a main interference frequency and a secondary interference frequency, the thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion system 5 allows.
- the respective control path 8, 9 then takes place in the respective Time delay element 11, 11 'a phase shift, the Phase shifts in the control paths 8, 9 can be different.
- Signal amplification then takes place in amplifier 12, and here too to generate different amplitudes the gain in the Control paths 8, 9 can be different.
- the control paths 8, 9 outgoing signals then drive the respective acoustic source 3, 3 'or that respective control valve 4, 4 '. This results in the desired influence thermoacoustic vibrations.
- the controller 2 in particular its control algorithm 13, can be in Dependence of the current pressure or luminescent signals Actuate time delay elements 11 or 11 'and / or the amplifiers 12. As a result, the influence of the respective control path 8, 9 on the respective assigned interference frequency can be varied or tracked. So far closed control loops for both control paths 8, 9.
- thermoacoustic vibrations For the functioning of influencing the thermoacoustic vibrations by means of acoustic excitation of the gas flow, EP 0 918 152 A1 referenced, the content of which is hereby expressly referred to in the Disclosure content of the present invention is incorporated. In is accordingly for the functioning of influencing the thermoacoustic vibrations by means of modulated fuel injection EP 0 985 810 A1, the content of which is hereby expressly referred to Reference to the disclosure content of the present invention is incorporated.
- the fluid mechanical stability of a gas turbine burner is of crucial for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations.
- thermoacoustic vibrations occur in the area of the burner forming shear layer is acoustically excited.
- Mixture layer refers to that between two fluid flows forms different speeds. Influencing the shear layer has the advantage that the excitation introduced in the shear layer increases become. So there is little to cancel an existing sound field Excitation energy needed. In contrast, with a pure Anti-sound principle an existing sound field by a phase-shifted Sound field of equal energy extinguished.
- the shear layer can be excited both downstream and upstream of the burner become. Downstream of the burner, the shear layer can be excited directly. With an excitation upstream of the burner, the acoustic excitation first introduced into a working gas, for example air, the Then excitation after passage of the working gas through the burner into the Shear layer transmits. Since only a small amount of stimulation is required, can the acoustic sources 3 by acoustic drivers, such as Loudspeakers, be formed, which are aligned with the gas flow. alternative can one or more chamber walls mechanically cause vibrations in the desired frequency can be excited.
- acoustic drivers such as Loudspeakers
- This signal can be in the combustion chamber or in a downstream of the burner Calming chamber arranged upstream of the burner can be measured.
- the current acoustic excitation is then dependent on this Measurement signal controlled.
- phase difference is determined by the respective Time delay element 11, 11 'is set and takes into account that as a rule by the arrangement of the measuring sensors and acoustic drivers or sources 3, 3 'or control valves 4, 4' and by the measuring devices and lines themselves Phase shifts occur. If the set relative phase is like this chosen to result in the greatest possible reduction in the pressure amplitude, all these phase shifting effects are implicitly taken into account. Since the cheapest relative phase can change over time, the relative phase remains advantageously variable and can be controlled via pressure fluctuations be adjusted in such a way that great suppression is always guaranteed.
- the training can also be done with the help of the modulated fuel injection influence thermoacoustic vibrations.
- a modulated Fuel injection is every time varying injection of understood liquid or gaseous fuel. This modulation can for example with any frequency.
- the injection can phase-independent of the pressure fluctuations in the combustion system respectively; however, an embodiment is preferred in which the injection is carried out with is phase-coupled to a signal measured in the combustion system 5, the is correlated with the thermoacoustic vibrations.
- the modulation of the The fuel is injected by opening and closing the Control valves 4, 4 ', whereby the injection times (start and end of injection) and / or the injection quantity can be varied. Thanks to the modulated fuel supply can the amount of fuel converted in large eddies to be controlled. This can result in the formation of coherent heat releases and thus the emergence of thermoacoustic instabilities to be influenced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
- eine sich im Bereich des Brenners (6) ausbildende Gasströmung akustisch angeregt wird und/oder
- eine Eindüsung von Brennstoff moduliert erfolgt.
Description
- Fig. 1 bis 3
- jeweils eine stark vereinfachte Prinzipdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung bei unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen.
- 1
- Vorrichtung
- 2
- Steuerung
- 3
- akustische Quelle
- 4
- Steuerventil
- 5
- Verbrennungssystem
- 6
- Brenner
- 7
- Brennkammer
- 8
- Steuerpfad
- 9
- Steuerpfad
- 10
- Frequenzband-Pass-Filter
- 11
- Zeitverzögerungsglied
- 12
- Verstärker
- 13
- Steueralgorithmus
Claims (8)
- Verfahren zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in einem Verbrennungssystem (5) mit wenigstens einem Brenner (6) und wenigstens einer Brennkammer (7), bei dem eine sich im Bereich des Brenners (6) ausbildende Gasströmung akustisch angeregt wird und/oder bei dem eine Eindüsung von Brennstoff moduliert erfolgt,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die akustischen Anregungen der Gasströmung und/oder die modulierten Eindüsungen des Brennstoffs zur Beeinflussung von wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Störfrequenzen der thermoakustischen Schwingungen abgestimmt sind. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Störfrequenzen ausschließlich durch akustische Anregungen der Gasströmung mit unterschiedlichen Phasen und/oder Amplituden beeinflusst werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die akustischen Anregungen der Gasströmung mit wenigstens einer akustischen Quelle (3) erzeugt werden, wobei die Erzeugung akustischer Anregungen unterschiedlicher Phasen und/oder Amplituden entweder über eine gemeinsame akustische Quelle oder über wenigstens zwei separate akustische Quellen (3, 3') erfolgt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Störfrequenzen ausschließlich durch modulierte Eindüsungen des Brennstoffs mit unterschiedlichen Eindüszeiten und/oder Eindüsmengen beeinflusst werden. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die modulierten Eindüsungen des Brennstoffs mit wenigstens einem Steuerventil (4) erzeugt werden, wobei die Erzeugung modulierter Eindüsungen unterschiedlicher Eindüszeiten und/oder Eindüsmengen entweder über ein gemeinsames Steuerventil oder über wenigstens zwei separate Steuerventile (4, 4') erfolgt. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Störfrequenz durch akustische Anregung der Gasströmung beeinflusst wird und eine andere Störfrequenz durch modulierte Eindüsung des Brennstoffs beeinflusst wird. - Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in einem Verbrennungssystem (5) mit wenigstens einem Brenner (6) und einer Brennkammer (7), bei der im Bereich des Brenners (6) wenigstens eine akustische Quelle (3, 3') zur Erzeugung einer akustischen Anregung einer sich im Bereich des Brenners (6) ausbildenden Gasströmung angeordnet ist und/oder bei der der Brenner (6) wenigstens eine Brennstoffversorgungseinrichtung mit wenigstens einem Steuerventil (4, 4') zur Erzeugung einer modulierten Eindüsung eines Brennstoffs aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Steuerung (2) vorgesehen ist, die die wenigstens eine akustische Quelle (3, 3') und/oder das wenigstens eine Steuerventil (4, 4') zur Beeinflussung von wenigstens zwei unterschiedlichen Störfrequenzen der thermoakustischen Schwingungen ansteuert. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerung (2) für jede zu beeinflussende Störfrequenz einen Steuerpfad (8, 9) aufweist, der eingangsseitig ein auf die jeweilige Störfrequenz abgestimmtes Frequenzband-Pass-Filter (10, 10') enthält und ausgangsseitig an die jeweilige akustische Quelle (3, 3') oder an das jeweilige Steuerventil (4, 4') angeschlossen ist, wobei jeder Steuerpfad (8, 9) ein Zeitverzögerungsglied (11, 11') enthält.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10257245A DE10257245A1 (de) | 2002-12-07 | 2002-12-07 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen |
| DE10257245 | 2002-12-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1429002A2 true EP1429002A2 (de) | 2004-06-16 |
| EP1429002A3 EP1429002A3 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
Family
ID=32318998
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03104404A Withdrawn EP1429002A3 (de) | 2002-12-07 | 2003-11-27 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20050016181A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1429002A3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10257245A1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105840443A (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 热声透平发电机及发电系统 |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10257275A1 (de) * | 2002-12-07 | 2004-06-24 | Alstom Technology Ltd | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen |
| ITUA20162044A1 (it) * | 2016-03-25 | 2017-09-25 | A S En Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia S R L | Impianto a turbina a gas con rilevamento di instabilita' termoacustiche e metodo di controllo di un impianto a turbina a gas |
| CN115614769B (zh) * | 2022-10-10 | 2025-09-30 | 西安交通大学 | 一种消除燃气热水器燃烧热声振动的供气系统 |
Family Cites Families (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4490841A (en) * | 1981-10-21 | 1984-12-25 | Sound Attenuators Limited | Method and apparatus for cancelling vibrations |
| US4909731A (en) * | 1986-03-06 | 1990-03-20 | Sonotech, Inc. | Method and apparatus for conducting a process in a pulsating environment |
| JPH07501137A (ja) * | 1991-11-15 | 1995-02-02 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | ガスタービン設備の燃焼室内の燃焼振動抑制装置 |
| US5349811A (en) * | 1992-12-16 | 1994-09-27 | Avco Corporation | Pulsed fuel injection system for reducing NOx emissions |
| DE19636093B4 (de) * | 1996-09-05 | 2004-07-29 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur akustischen Modulation einer von einem Hybridbrenner erzeugten Flamme |
| EP0892219B1 (de) * | 1997-07-15 | 2002-10-23 | Alstom | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Minimieren thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Gasturbinenbrennkammern |
| US6464489B1 (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 2002-10-15 | Alstom | Method and apparatus for controlling thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system |
| ATE226684T1 (de) * | 1998-07-22 | 2002-11-15 | Friedmund Nagel | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur reduzierung der schallemission bei verbrennungsmotoren und zu deren diagnose |
| EP0985810B1 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2003-10-29 | ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd | Verfahren zum Minimieren thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Gasturbinenbrennkammern |
| DE59810347D1 (de) * | 1998-09-10 | 2004-01-15 | Alstom Switzerland Ltd | Schwingungsdämpfung in Brennkammern |
| JP3640815B2 (ja) * | 1998-11-05 | 2005-04-20 | 株式会社東芝 | ファン装置及び冷蔵庫 |
| DE19934612A1 (de) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-01-25 | Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag | Verfahren zur aktiven Unterdrückung von strömungsmechanischen Instabilitäten in einem Verbrennungssystem sowie Verbrennungssystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| US6622487B2 (en) * | 2001-01-16 | 2003-09-23 | Rolls-Royce Plc | Fluid flow control valve |
| US6530228B2 (en) * | 2001-05-07 | 2003-03-11 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method and device for modulation of a flame |
-
2002
- 2002-12-07 DE DE10257245A patent/DE10257245A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-11-27 EP EP03104404A patent/EP1429002A3/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-12-03 US US10/725,564 patent/US20050016181A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105840443A (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2016-08-10 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 热声透平发电机及发电系统 |
| CN105840443B (zh) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-08-07 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | 热声透平发电机及发电系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050016181A1 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| DE10257245A1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
| EP1429002A3 (de) | 2005-05-25 |
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