EP1429002A2 - Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1429002A2
EP1429002A2 EP03104404A EP03104404A EP1429002A2 EP 1429002 A2 EP1429002 A2 EP 1429002A2 EP 03104404 A EP03104404 A EP 03104404A EP 03104404 A EP03104404 A EP 03104404A EP 1429002 A2 EP1429002 A2 EP 1429002A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
acoustic
injection
fuel
burner
modulated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03104404A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1429002A3 (fr
Inventor
Ephraim Gutmark
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1429002A2 publication Critical patent/EP1429002A2/fr
Publication of EP1429002A3 publication Critical patent/EP1429002A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2205/00—Pulsating combustion
    • F23C2205/10—Pulsating combustion with pulsating fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for influencing thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system with at least a burner and at least one combustion chamber with the features of Preamble of claim 1 and with the features of the preamble of Claim 7.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations denotes mutually rocking thermal and acoustic disturbances. High vibration amplitudes can occur, which can lead to undesirable effects, such as a high mechanical load on the combustion chamber, an increased NO x emission due to inhomogeneous combustion and even an extinguishing of the flame. This is especially true for combustion systems with low acoustic damping. In order to ensure high performance in terms of pulsations and emissions over a wide operating range, active control of the combustion vibrations may be necessary.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations by influencing that the developing in the area of the burner Shear layer is acoustically excited.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations to influence that a liquid or gaseous injection Fuel modulated.
  • the known devices and methods are each for influencing one specific interference frequency of the thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • certain applications can also use vibration systems several interference frequencies occur, it being possible in particular that the Reduction of the disruptive effect of a main interference frequency the disruptive effect a secondary interference frequency amplified.
  • thermoacoustic To show vibrations in a combustion system in particular influencing thermoacoustic vibrations with two or more Interference frequencies should be made possible.
  • the invention is based on the general idea of multiple interference frequencies to influence the thermoacoustic vibrations separately. hereby can have adverse interactions in fighting one Interference frequency can cause an amplification of the other interference frequency, be reduced or eliminated. It has been shown that through the Procedure according to the invention at least the attenuation of the main interference frequency can be significantly strengthened.
  • two interference frequencies exclusively through acoustic excitation of the gas flow with vibrations different phases and / or amplitudes can be influenced.
  • this Embodiment can influence two interference frequencies on one modulated injection can be dispensed with. Influencing the Thereby, thermal-acoustic vibrations are mainly acoustic Path.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations are influenced here mainly through fuel injection.
  • a device 1 according to the invention comprises a controller 2, which is here only by a broken line symbolized frame is symbolized.
  • the device 1 also has at least one acoustic source 3 and / or at least one control valve 4 a fuel supply device, not otherwise shown.
  • the Device 1 is assigned to a combustion system 5, which is usually has at least one burner 6 and at least one combustion chamber 7. to Simplification are burner 6 and combustion chamber 7 by a common one Rectangle symbolizes.
  • the exemplary embodiments shown here differ essentially in that the controller 2 two in the variant according to FIG. 1 controls separate acoustic sources 3, while according to the variant FIG. 2 controls two separate control valves 4 and in the variant according to FIG. 3 controls an acoustic source 3 and a control valve 4.
  • the controller 2 two in the variant according to FIG. 1 controls separate acoustic sources 3, while according to the variant FIG. 2 controls two separate control valves 4 and in the variant according to FIG. 3 controls an acoustic source 3 and a control valve 4.
  • One of the control valves 4 is designated 4 ′ when two control valves 4 are provided.
  • the controller 2 contains two control paths 8 and 9 for this purpose contain a frequency band pass filter 10 on the input side. Since the two Frequency band pass filter 10 tuned to different interference frequencies are, a frequency band pass filter is designated 10 '.
  • a frequency band pass filter is designated 10 '.
  • the Control paths 8, 9 is the frequency band pass filter 10, 10 'each Time delay element 11 or 11 'connected, which in turn a Amplifier element 12 is connected downstream.
  • the two are on the output side Control paths 8, 9 either with one of the acoustic sources 3 or with one the control valves 4 connected.
  • each controller 2 contains a control algorithm 13 which is shown in FIG Depending on incoming signals, corresponding signals to the input sides the control paths 8, 9 delivers.
  • the control algorithm 13 receives its Input signals from a sensor system, not shown here, for measurement thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion system 5 is formed.
  • the Signals determined by the sensor system correlate with the thermoacoustic Vibrations in the combustion system 5.
  • the measured signals can thereby be pressure signals.
  • the sensors then include pressure sensors, preferably microphones, in particular water-cooled microphones and / or Microphones with piezoelectric pressure transducers. It is also possible that the signals measured by the sensors using chemical luminescence signals are formed, preferably by chemiluminescent signals from the emission one of the radicals OH or CH.
  • the sensor system can then expediently be optical Sensors for visible or infrared radiation, especially optical ones Have fiber probes.
  • the pressure or measured in the combustion chamber 7, for example Luminescence signal is filtered in the frequency band pass filters 10, 10 '.
  • the frequency band pass filters 10, 10 ' By the different pass frequencies of the frequency band pass filter 10, 10 'becomes the desired separate influencing of two different ones Interference frequencies, for example a main interference frequency and a secondary interference frequency, the thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion system 5 allows.
  • the respective control path 8, 9 then takes place in the respective Time delay element 11, 11 'a phase shift, the Phase shifts in the control paths 8, 9 can be different.
  • Signal amplification then takes place in amplifier 12, and here too to generate different amplitudes the gain in the Control paths 8, 9 can be different.
  • the control paths 8, 9 outgoing signals then drive the respective acoustic source 3, 3 'or that respective control valve 4, 4 '. This results in the desired influence thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • the controller 2 in particular its control algorithm 13, can be in Dependence of the current pressure or luminescent signals Actuate time delay elements 11 or 11 'and / or the amplifiers 12. As a result, the influence of the respective control path 8, 9 on the respective assigned interference frequency can be varied or tracked. So far closed control loops for both control paths 8, 9.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations For the functioning of influencing the thermoacoustic vibrations by means of acoustic excitation of the gas flow, EP 0 918 152 A1 referenced, the content of which is hereby expressly referred to in the Disclosure content of the present invention is incorporated. In is accordingly for the functioning of influencing the thermoacoustic vibrations by means of modulated fuel injection EP 0 985 810 A1, the content of which is hereby expressly referred to Reference to the disclosure content of the present invention is incorporated.
  • the fluid mechanical stability of a gas turbine burner is of crucial for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations occur in the area of the burner forming shear layer is acoustically excited.
  • Mixture layer refers to that between two fluid flows forms different speeds. Influencing the shear layer has the advantage that the excitation introduced in the shear layer increases become. So there is little to cancel an existing sound field Excitation energy needed. In contrast, with a pure Anti-sound principle an existing sound field by a phase-shifted Sound field of equal energy extinguished.
  • the shear layer can be excited both downstream and upstream of the burner become. Downstream of the burner, the shear layer can be excited directly. With an excitation upstream of the burner, the acoustic excitation first introduced into a working gas, for example air, the Then excitation after passage of the working gas through the burner into the Shear layer transmits. Since only a small amount of stimulation is required, can the acoustic sources 3 by acoustic drivers, such as Loudspeakers, be formed, which are aligned with the gas flow. alternative can one or more chamber walls mechanically cause vibrations in the desired frequency can be excited.
  • acoustic drivers such as Loudspeakers
  • This signal can be in the combustion chamber or in a downstream of the burner Calming chamber arranged upstream of the burner can be measured.
  • the current acoustic excitation is then dependent on this Measurement signal controlled.
  • phase difference is determined by the respective Time delay element 11, 11 'is set and takes into account that as a rule by the arrangement of the measuring sensors and acoustic drivers or sources 3, 3 'or control valves 4, 4' and by the measuring devices and lines themselves Phase shifts occur. If the set relative phase is like this chosen to result in the greatest possible reduction in the pressure amplitude, all these phase shifting effects are implicitly taken into account. Since the cheapest relative phase can change over time, the relative phase remains advantageously variable and can be controlled via pressure fluctuations be adjusted in such a way that great suppression is always guaranteed.
  • the training can also be done with the help of the modulated fuel injection influence thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • a modulated Fuel injection is every time varying injection of understood liquid or gaseous fuel. This modulation can for example with any frequency.
  • the injection can phase-independent of the pressure fluctuations in the combustion system respectively; however, an embodiment is preferred in which the injection is carried out with is phase-coupled to a signal measured in the combustion system 5, the is correlated with the thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • the modulation of the The fuel is injected by opening and closing the Control valves 4, 4 ', whereby the injection times (start and end of injection) and / or the injection quantity can be varied. Thanks to the modulated fuel supply can the amount of fuel converted in large eddies to be controlled. This can result in the formation of coherent heat releases and thus the emergence of thermoacoustic instabilities to be influenced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP03104404A 2002-12-07 2003-11-27 Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion Withdrawn EP1429002A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10257245A DE10257245A1 (de) 2002-12-07 2002-12-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
DE10257245 2002-12-07

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1429002A2 true EP1429002A2 (fr) 2004-06-16
EP1429002A3 EP1429002A3 (fr) 2005-05-25

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EP03104404A Withdrawn EP1429002A3 (fr) 2002-12-07 2003-11-27 Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20050016181A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1429002A3 (fr)
DE (1) DE10257245A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105840443A (zh) * 2016-05-05 2016-08-10 中国科学院理化技术研究所 热声透平发电机及发电系统

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10257275A1 (de) * 2002-12-07 2004-06-24 Alstom Technology Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
ITUA20162044A1 (it) * 2016-03-25 2017-09-25 A S En Ansaldo Sviluppo Energia S R L Impianto a turbina a gas con rilevamento di instabilita' termoacustiche e metodo di controllo di un impianto a turbina a gas
CN115614769B (zh) * 2022-10-10 2025-09-30 西安交通大学 一种消除燃气热水器燃烧热声振动的供气系统

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US4490841A (en) * 1981-10-21 1984-12-25 Sound Attenuators Limited Method and apparatus for cancelling vibrations
US4909731A (en) * 1986-03-06 1990-03-20 Sonotech, Inc. Method and apparatus for conducting a process in a pulsating environment
JPH07501137A (ja) * 1991-11-15 1995-02-02 シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト ガスタービン設備の燃焼室内の燃焼振動抑制装置
US5349811A (en) * 1992-12-16 1994-09-27 Avco Corporation Pulsed fuel injection system for reducing NOx emissions
DE19636093B4 (de) * 1996-09-05 2004-07-29 Siemens Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur akustischen Modulation einer von einem Hybridbrenner erzeugten Flamme
EP0892219B1 (fr) * 1997-07-15 2002-10-23 Alstom Procédé et dispositif pour minimiser les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans les chambres de combustion de turbines à gaz
US6464489B1 (en) * 1997-11-24 2002-10-15 Alstom Method and apparatus for controlling thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system
ATE226684T1 (de) * 1998-07-22 2002-11-15 Friedmund Nagel Vorrichtung und verfahren zur reduzierung der schallemission bei verbrennungsmotoren und zu deren diagnose
EP0985810B1 (fr) * 1998-09-10 2003-10-29 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Procédé pour minimiser les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans la chambre de combustion de turbines à gaz
DE59810347D1 (de) * 1998-09-10 2004-01-15 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Schwingungsdämpfung in Brennkammern
JP3640815B2 (ja) * 1998-11-05 2005-04-20 株式会社東芝 ファン装置及び冷蔵庫
DE19934612A1 (de) * 1999-07-23 2001-01-25 Abb Alstom Power Ch Ag Verfahren zur aktiven Unterdrückung von strömungsmechanischen Instabilitäten in einem Verbrennungssystem sowie Verbrennungssystem zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US6622487B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2003-09-23 Rolls-Royce Plc Fluid flow control valve
US6530228B2 (en) * 2001-05-07 2003-03-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Method and device for modulation of a flame

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105840443A (zh) * 2016-05-05 2016-08-10 中国科学院理化技术研究所 热声透平发电机及发电系统
CN105840443B (zh) * 2016-05-05 2018-08-07 中国科学院理化技术研究所 热声透平发电机及发电系统

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Publication number Publication date
US20050016181A1 (en) 2005-01-27
DE10257245A1 (de) 2004-07-15
EP1429002A3 (fr) 2005-05-25

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