EP1429004A2 - Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1429004A2
EP1429004A2 EP03104406A EP03104406A EP1429004A2 EP 1429004 A2 EP1429004 A2 EP 1429004A2 EP 03104406 A EP03104406 A EP 03104406A EP 03104406 A EP03104406 A EP 03104406A EP 1429004 A2 EP1429004 A2 EP 1429004A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
modulated
injection
burner
control signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03104406A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1429004A3 (fr
EP1429004B1 (fr
Inventor
Ephraim Gutmark
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GE Vernova GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1429004A2 publication Critical patent/EP1429004A2/fr
Publication of EP1429004A3 publication Critical patent/EP1429004A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1429004B1 publication Critical patent/EP1429004B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C9/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber
    • F23C9/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for returning combustion products or flue gases to the combustion chamber the recirculation taking place in the combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M20/00—Details of combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for, e.g. means for storing heat from flames
    • F23M20/005—Noise absorbing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for fuel supplies
    • F23K2900/05003—Non-continuous fluid fuel supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00013—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by active means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for influencing thermoacoustic oscillations in a combustion system with at least a burner and at least one combustion chamber with the features of The preamble of claim 1 or with the features of the preamble of Claim 9.
  • thermoacoustic oscillations refers to mutually accelerating thermal and acoustic disturbances.
  • high oscillation amplitudes can occur, which can lead to undesired effects, such as a high mechanical load on the combustion chamber and to increased NO x emissions due to inhomogeneous combustion. This is especially true for low acoustic attenuation combustion systems.
  • active control of combustion oscillations may be necessary.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations are to be influenced by a Injection of liquid or gaseous fuel is modulated.
  • thermoacoustic To reduce vibration systems even more.
  • the present invention is concerned with the Problem, a way to improve the influence of thermoacoustic Show vibrations in a combustion system.
  • the invention is based on the general idea, in a Combustion system, in whose combustion chamber there is a recirculation zone trains to inject fuel modulated into this recirculation zone. It has It has been shown that this measure suppresses the thermoacoustic vibrations can be significantly improved.
  • the Fuel injection into the recirculation zone can be found in the Combustion chamber and mutually influencing Spinal systems are intensively influenced. Because in the combustion chamber vortex systems significantly contribute to the emergence of thermoacoustic Vibrations are involved, can be through a targeted, modulated Fuel injection into the recirculation zone an effective influence achieve the thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • Such recirculation zones which according to the invention for the modulated Particularly suitable for injection of fuel may be at special burner-combustor configurations train in the combustion chamber.
  • a recirculation zone then form in the combustion chamber, when the supplied from the burner, swirling flow at the transition into the Combustion chamber suddenly collapses.
  • the collapse of such Swirl flow for example, by a jump-like Cross-sectional enlargement at the transition between burner and combustion chamber can be achieved, which in connection with corresponding pressure conditions quasi causes bursting of the swirl flow.
  • Such recirculation zones are produced specifically in modern combustion systems, as they are in the Combustion chamber the formation of a stationary and stable flame front support. A stable combustion leads to a high efficiency and to low pollutant emissions.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations to instabilities of Lead recirculation zone performs an improved suppression or Damping of the thermoacoustic vibrations to an increased stability of the Recirculation zone.
  • Fuel injection into the recirculation zone can thus stabilize it become.
  • the injection of the Total amount of fuel so done that a first amount of fuel constant injected while a second amount of fuel modulated injected.
  • this procedure ensures that the combustible Mixture in the combustion chamber does not lean too much to extinguish the To avoid flames.
  • this approach uses the Recognizing that the use of a (relatively small) subset of the Injected fuel is sufficient to the modulated injection of the desired effect on the thermoacoustic vibrations to achieve. There Thus, only part of the fuel modulated must be injected, the For this purpose trained fuel supply device correspondingly smaller be dimensioned.
  • the modulated injection of the fuel takes place exclusively in the recirculation zone and / or that the injection of fuel into the recirculation zone is exclusively modulated he follows.
  • the unmodulated injection of a constant Fuel quantity done in a conventional manner.
  • the modulated injection of the fuel into the recirculation zone may occur at the Invention be carried out by means of a lance which projects into the burner. Appropriately, this lance protrudes relatively far into the burner to the Allow fuel injection into the recirculation zone.
  • a combustion system 1 comprises at least one Burner 2 and at least one combustion chamber 3.
  • the burner 2 is here constructed that in him a swirl flow is generated, which by a corresponding arrow 4 is indicated.
  • the burner 2 goes at 5 with a sudden cross-sectional enlargement 6 in the immediately following Combustion chamber 3 via.
  • a central recirculation zone 7 consisting essentially of an annular, quasi stationary vortex roll consists, which is indicated by arrows 8.
  • the cross-sectional widening 6 may be a stationary Forming the swirl roll, which is indicated by arrows 9.
  • One in the Combustion chamber 3 forming flame front 10 is in particular by the Recirculation zone 7 stabilized.
  • a fuel supply system 11 has a lance 12 which protrudes into the burner 2 and is designed so that liquid or gaseous fuel by means of this lance 12 in the recirculation zone. 7 modulated is einspritzbar. The influence thereby generated by the Rezirkulationszone 7 can by an appropriate modulation of the Fuel injection be selected specifically so that a damping or Suppression of thermoacoustic vibrations of the combustion system 1 trains. Because these thermoacoustic vibrations are detrimental to the Stability of the recirculation zone 7 and the flame front 10, leads the proposed, modulated fuel injection into the recirculation zone 7 to a stabilization of the combustion in the combustion chamber. 3
  • the burner 2 here as a premix burner is formed, two fuel lines 13 and 14, which with openings 15th are provided. Through these openings 15 may also be gaseous or liquid fuel 16 of the combustion air 25 are mixed.
  • the Fuel supply to the lance 12 is represented in Fig. 2 by an arrow 17.
  • the position of the openings 15, through which the fuel 16 of the combustion air 25 is mixed, is better removed from Fig. 3.
  • the fuel lines 13, 14 are on part bodies 18 and 19, from which the burner. 2 assembled, appropriate.
  • the openings 15 are then along two Lines lined up with respect to a longitudinal central axis 20 of the burner. 2 diametrically opposed and approximately at one point on the Cut longitudinal central axis 20. As a result, all openings 15 are in a level, the so-called fuel injection level.
  • the fuel is thus partially over the lance 12 and partially injected via the openings 15.
  • the fuel exclusively is injected via the lance 12.
  • Preferred is a variant in which the via the lance 12 injected amount of fuel smaller, especially considerably is smaller than the amount of fuel that is injected via the openings 15.
  • the injected via the lance 12 amount of fuel is about 5% or less, in particular about 2%, of the total injected Amount of fuel.
  • the fuel injection via the openings 15 modulated be performed.
  • the additional modulated Fuel injection through the openings 15 is to EP 0 985 810 A1 whose content is hereby incorporated by express reference into the Revelation content of the present invention is incorporated.
  • the modulated fuel injection be carried out so that the total injected quantity of fuel from a first, constant, that is unmodulated injected fuel quantity and a second, modulated injected Fuel quantity composed. In this way, an emaciation of the combustible mixture in the combustion chamber below the proportion of constant injected fuel quantity can be avoided.
  • the modulated injected amount of fuel smaller, in particular, to choose considerably smaller than the constant injected Amount of fuel.
  • the lance 12 is coaxial with Longitudinal axis 20 of the burner 2 is arranged.
  • the lance 12 protrudes relative far and centrally in the burner 2 inside.
  • the lance 12 is designed so that they the fuel injection in the recirculation zone 7 performs axially, that is the modulated injected Fuel exits the lance 12 at an axial end 21.
  • the modulated injection of the fuel in the Recirculation zone 7 are carried out so that the modulation is independent of a vibration phase of the current thermoacoustic vibrations in the Combustion system 1 is.
  • an inventive Device 22 for influencing the thermoacoustic oscillations in Combustion system 1 have a controller 23, which here only by a frame shown with broken lines is symbolized.
  • the Device 22 also includes at least one fuel valve 24 of the Fuel supply device 11, which includes the lance 12.
  • These Fuel supply device 11 is connected to the combustion system. 1 coupled, which includes the burner 2 and the combustion chamber 3. to Simplification are in Fig. 4 burner 2 and combustion chamber 3 by a symbolizes common rectangle.
  • the controller 23 is an open control loop, So as a control circuit, formed and includes a control signal generator 26th and an amplifier 27.
  • the control signal generator 26 generates independently from the thermoacoustic vibrations of the combustion system 1 Control signal which is amplified in the amplifier 27 and for actuating the Fuel valve 24 is used.
  • the control signal generator 26 is, for example, on designed the nominal operating point of the combustion system, so that the of he experienced control signals generated sufficient suppression cause the thermo-acoustic vibrations. It is also possible that the Control signal generator 26, the control signals depending on current Operating parameters of the combustion system 1, in particular under access to Maps, generated.
  • the device 22 in an alternative Embodiment have another controller 28, which as a closed Control loop, that is designed as a control loop.
  • the controller 28 is actuated again, the at least one fuel valve 24 of the Fuel supply device 11 for supplying the combustion system 1, in particular its burner 2 and its combustion chamber 3, with fuel.
  • the controller 28 also includes a control signal generator 29 which On the input side receives a vibration signal and in dependence thereon On the output side generates the control signal for actuating the fuel valve 24.
  • the incoming vibration signal correlates with the current one thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion system 1 and is of a Detected sensors not shown here.
  • the determined by the sensor Vibration signals can be pressure signals, the sensors then Pressure sensors, preferably microphones, in particular water-cooled Includes microphones and / or microphones with piezoelectric pressure transducers. It is also possible that the signals detected by the sensor through Chemielumineszensignale are formed, preferably by Chemieluminescence signals from the emission of one of the radicals OH or CH.
  • the sensor can optical sensors for visible or infrared Radiation, in particular optical fiber probes have.
  • the control signal generator 29 includes, for example, a special algorithm and / or maps to suitable from the incoming vibration signals Generate control signals. These control signals are then a filter 30th supplied, in particular as a bandpass filter or as a high-pass filter is formed and unwanted, low-frequency interference holds back. To the filter 30, the control signals in a time delay element 31 phase; then they are amplified in an amplifier 32 and can then be used to drive the fuel valve 24.
  • the influence of Control 28 varies or tracked to the interference frequency to be damped become.
  • the embodiment shown in Fig. 4 is a modulated Fuel injection generated independently of the current thermoacoustic vibrations, in particular independently of the Vibration phase of the current thermoacoustic oscillations, can, at of the embodiment shown in Fig. 5, the modulated fuel injection the current thermoacoustic vibrations, especially on the Vibration phase of the current thermoacoustic vibrations, tuned become.
  • the vibration signal can be downstream of the burner 2 in the Combustion chamber 3 or arranged in an upstream of the burner 2 Calming chamber to be measured.
  • the fluid mechanical stability of a gas turbine combustor 2 is of crucial for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations.
  • the resulting in the burner 2 fluid mechanical instability waves lead to the formation of vertebrae.
  • These also as coherent structures referred vortex play an important role in mixing operations between air and fuel.
  • the spatial and temporal dynamics of this Coherent structures affect combustion and heat release. Due to the modulated fuel injection, the training of this coherent structures are counteracted. Will the emergence of Reduces or prevents vortex structures at the burner outlet, it is characterized also reduces the periodic heat release variation.
  • periodic heat release fluctuations form the basis for the occurrence of thermoacoustic oscillations, so that by the acoustic Stimulation, the amplitude of the thermoacoustic fluctuations are reduced can.
  • phase difference is determined by the Time delay 31 is set and taken into account that usually by the arrangement of the measuring sensors and fuel valves 24 and by the Measuring devices and cables themselves phase shifts occur.
  • the set relative phase selected so that as large as possible Reducing the pressure amplitude results in all these phase rotating Effects implicitly taken into account. Since the most favorable relative phase with time change, the relative phase advantageously remains variable and can be about a control of the pressure fluctuations are tracked so that always one great suppression is guaranteed.
  • the training can be specifically influence thermoacoustic oscillations.
  • a modulated Fuel injection is here every time varying injection of liquid or gaseous fuel understood. This modulation can for example, with an arbitrary frequency.
  • the injection can phase independent of the pressure oscillations in the combustion system take place (see Fig. 4); However, preference is given to the embodiment according to FIG. 5, in which the injection with the measured in the combustion system 1 Vibration signal is phase-locked, that with the thermoacoustic Vibrations is correlated.
  • the modulation of the fuel injection takes place by a corresponding opening and closing of the fuel valve or valves 24, whereby the injection times (start and end of the injection) and / or the Injection quantity can be varied. Due to the modulated fuel supply in the Rezirkulationszone 7 can in the combustion chamber 3 in large-scale vortices converted fuel quantity to be controlled. This allows the training the coherent structures and thus the formation of thermoacoustic Instabilities are affected.
  • thermoacoustic oscillations it may be possible via the control signal generator 26 or 29 to be influenced by means of the device 22 according to the invention Disturbing frequency of the thermoacoustic oscillations to vary.
  • the main noise frequency can be determined by the respective operating state of the Depend on combustion system 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
EP03104406A 2002-12-07 2003-11-27 Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion Expired - Lifetime EP1429004B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10257275A DE10257275A1 (de) 2002-12-07 2002-12-07 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
DE10257275 2002-12-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1429004A2 true EP1429004A2 (fr) 2004-06-16
EP1429004A3 EP1429004A3 (fr) 2005-05-25
EP1429004B1 EP1429004B1 (fr) 2010-03-24

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EP03104406A Expired - Lifetime EP1429004B1 (fr) 2002-12-07 2003-11-27 Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion

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Country Link
US (1) US7549857B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1429004B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE462071T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10257275A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008155373A1 (fr) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stabilisation sans rotation de la flamme d'un brûleur à prémélange
EP1840465A3 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2014-10-22 Alstom Technology Ltd Système comportant des brûleurs à injection de carburant étagée
CN112253317A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-22 上海电气燃气轮机有限公司 闭环式燃烧控制系统及其控制方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005059184B3 (de) * 2005-12-02 2007-09-06 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Dämpfung thermoakustischer Resonanzen in Brennkammern
FI128276B (en) 2016-09-19 2020-02-28 Finno Energy Oy Procedure for operating a gas turbine

Citations (3)

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US5755090A (en) 1994-06-24 1998-05-26 United Technologies Corporation Pilot injector for gas turbine engines
EP0985810A1 (fr) 1998-09-10 2000-03-15 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour minimiser les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans la chambre de combustion de turbines à gaz
DE19948673A1 (de) 1999-10-08 2001-04-12 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zum Erzeugen von heissen Gasen in einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Verbrennungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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US6560967B1 (en) * 1998-05-29 2003-05-13 Jeffrey Mark Cohen Method and apparatus for use with a gas fueled combustor
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Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5755090A (en) 1994-06-24 1998-05-26 United Technologies Corporation Pilot injector for gas turbine engines
EP0985810A1 (fr) 1998-09-10 2000-03-15 Abb Research Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour minimiser les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans la chambre de combustion de turbines à gaz
DE19948673A1 (de) 1999-10-08 2001-04-12 Asea Brown Boveri Verfahren zum Erzeugen von heissen Gasen in einer Verbrennungseinrichtung sowie Verbrennungseinrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1840465A3 (fr) * 2006-03-31 2014-10-22 Alstom Technology Ltd Système comportant des brûleurs à injection de carburant étagée
US9285123B2 (en) 2006-03-31 2016-03-15 Alstom Technology Ltd Burner system with staged fuel injection
WO2008155373A1 (fr) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stabilisation sans rotation de la flamme d'un brûleur à prémélange
EP2006606A1 (fr) * 2007-06-21 2008-12-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Stabilisation sans tourbillonner de la flamme d'un brûleur à prémélange
CN112253317A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-01-22 上海电气燃气轮机有限公司 闭环式燃烧控制系统及其控制方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50312545D1 (de) 2010-05-06
ATE462071T1 (de) 2010-04-15
DE10257275A1 (de) 2004-06-24
US20050019713A1 (en) 2005-01-27
US7549857B2 (en) 2009-06-23
EP1429004A3 (fr) 2005-05-25
EP1429004B1 (fr) 2010-03-24

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