Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
  • C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
  • C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
  • C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/06—Preparatory processes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
  • C08G77/14—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups
  • C08G77/16—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to oxygen-containing groups to hydroxy groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G77/70—Siloxanes defined by use of the MDTQ nomenclature
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
  • H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
  • H10P14/63—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the formation processes
  • H10P14/6326—Deposition processes
  • H10P14/6342—Liquid deposition, e.g. spin-coating, sol-gel techniques or spray coating
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
  • H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
  • H10P14/66—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials
  • H10P14/668—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials
  • H10P14/6681—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials the precursor containing a compound comprising Si
  • H10P14/6684—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen
  • H10P14/6686—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials characterised by the type of materials the materials being characterised by the deposition precursor materials the precursor containing a compound comprising Si the compound comprising silicon and oxygen the compound being a molecule comprising at least one silicon-oxygen bond and the compound having hydrogen or an organic group attached to the silicon or oxygen, e.g. a siloxane
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10P—GENERIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10P14/00—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars
  • H10P14/60—Formation of materials, e.g. in the shape of layers or pillars of insulating materials
  • H10P14/69—Inorganic materials
  • H10P14/692—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses
  • H10P14/6921—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon
  • H10P14/6922—Inorganic materials composed of oxides, glassy oxides or oxide-based glasses containing silicon the material containing Si, O and at least one of H, N, C, F or other non-metal elements, e.g. SiOC, SiOC:H or SiONC
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H10W20/00—Interconnections in chips, wafers or substrates
  • H10W20/01—Manufacture or treatment
  • H10W20/071—Manufacture or treatment of dielectric parts thereof
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
  • Y10T428/24917—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including metal layer

Definitions

• This invention pertains to silicone resins comprising 5 to 50 mole% of (PhSiO(3_ x )/2(OH) ⁇ ) units and 50 to 95 mole% (HSiO(3. x 2(OH) ⁇ ), where Ph is a phenyl group, x has a value of 0, 1 or 2 and wherein the cured silicone resin has a critical surface free energy of 30 dynes/cm or higher.
• These resins are useful as etch stop layers for organic dielectric materials having a critical surface free energy of 40 dynes/cm or higher.
• Semiconductor devices often have one or more arrays of patterned interconnect levels that serve to electrically couple the individual circuit elements forming an integrated circuit (IC).
• the interconnect levels are typically separated by an insulating or dielectric coating.
• the coatings may be formed by chemical vapor deposition or by spin-on techniques.
• U.S. Patent No. 4,756,977 discloses the use of hydrogen silsesquioxane resins to form coatings on electronic devices.
• One method for forming the integrated circuits is known as dual damascene. This method involves applying a layer of dielectric, etching the wiring pattern into the dielectric, filling the pattern with wiring metal, and repeating the process until the desired number of levels have been formed.
• one dielectric material serves as an etch-stop in etching of the other dielectric. It is preferred that one of the dielectric layers be an organic material while the other be an inorganic material to enhance etch selectivity between the materials. Either dielectric layer may serve as the etch-stop to the other. In oxygen-based plasmas, organic dielectrics tend to etch faster than inorganic dielectrics.
• inorganic dielectrics tend to etch faster than organic dielectrics. Sandwich structures of inorganic, organic, inorganic or organic, inorganic, organic are also useful as the dielectric layer in the integrated circuit.
• PCT Patent Application No. WO 01/18861 Al to AlliedSignal a microelectronic device having a substrate and a first dielectric layer material positioned on the substrate. A layer of a second dielectric material is positioned on the first dielectric layer and an additional layer of the first dielectric material positioned on the second dielectric layer.
• the organic dielectrics are materials that contain carbon and the inorganic dielectrics are materials that are not carbon containing.
• U.S. Patent No. 6,218,317 discloses the formation of methylated-oxide type hardmasks over polymeric interlayer dielectric materials having a dielectric constant of less than 3 and more preferably 2.7 or less.
• the upper material be able to adequately coat the lower level (i.e. wet the surface). It is also desirable to have sufficient adhesion between the layers.
• This invention pertains to silicone resins comprising 5 to 50 mole% of (PhSiO . x )/2(OH) ⁇ ) units and 50 to 95 mole% (HSiO(3_ x y2(OH) x ), where Ph is a phenyl group, x has a value of 0, 1 or 2 and wherein the cured silicone resin has a critical surface free energy of 30 dynes/cm or higher.
• These resins are useful as etch stop layers for organic dielectrics having a critical surface free energy of 40 dynes/cm or higher.
• This invention also pertains to an integrated circuit device having a an organic dielectric layer having a critical surface free energy of 40 dynes/cm or higher and a phenylated-oxide dielectric layer having a critical surface free energy of 30 dynes/cm or higher produced from the silicone resin, wherein at least one surface of the organic dielectric layer contacts a surface of the phenylated-oxide dielectric layer.
• This invention pertains to silicone resins comprising 5 to 50 mole % of (PhSiO ⁇ . x )/2(OH) ⁇ ) units and 50 to 95 mole % (HSiO(3-. x )/2(OH) x ) units based on the total amount of silicon containing units in the resin, where Ph is a phenyl group, x has a value of 0, 1 or 2.
• the silicone resins contain 5 to 50 mole % of (PhSiO(3_ x )/2(OH) x ) units, alternatively 25 to 50 mole %, alternatively 30 to 45 mole %. Higher amounts of (PhSiO ⁇ .
• x y2(OH) ⁇ ) in the silicone resin results in higher amounts of carbon in the phenylated dielectric layer. This reduces the etch selectivity between the phenylated-oxide dielectric layer and the organic dielectric layer. Additionally, higher amounts of carbon in the final film contributes to lower adhesion of the phenylated-oxide dielectric layer to the organic dielectric layer.
• the silicone resin to have utility as a dielectric layer in combination with an organic dielectric layer it is desirable to have a critical surface free energy of 30 dynes/cm or higher in cured silicone resin. For every 1 mole % increase in (PhSiO(3_ x y2(OH) x ) in the silicone resin it is theorized that the critical surface free energy in the cured resin increases
• the cured silicone resin have a critical surface free energy in the range of 35 to 60 dynes/cm, more preferably 35 to 45 dynes/cm.
• the structure of the silicone resin is not specifically limited.
• the silicone resin may be essentially fully condensed or may be only partially condensed.
• the silicon resin has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) in the range of 500 to 400,000 and preferably in the range of 500 to 100,000, alternatively 700 to 10,000.
• Mw weight average molecular weight
• Silicone resins useful herein may be exemplified by, but not limited to
• the resins may be produced by methods known in the art.
• the resins may be produced by the hydrolysis and condensation of a mixture of a phenyl trialkoxy and hydrogen trialkoxy silane as set forth in U.S. Patent No.
• the silicone resin is typically produced in the presence of a solvent. Any suitable organic or silicone solvent that does not contain a functional group which may participate in the reaction may be used in producing the silicone resin.
• the solvent is generally used in an amount of 40 to 98 weight percent based on the total weight of solvent and silane reactants, alternatively 70 to 90 weight percent.
• the reaction may be carried out as a dual phase or single-phase system.
• Useful organic solvents may be exemplified by, but not limited to, saturated aliphatics such as n-pentane, hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane; cycloaliphatics such as cyclopentane and cyclohexane; aromatics such as benzene, toluene, xylene, mesitylene; ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethylene glycol dietheyl ether, e hylene glycol dimethyl ether; ketones such as methylisobutyl ketone (MIBK) and cyclohexanone; halogen substituted alkanes such as trichloroethane; halogenated aromatics such as bromobenzene and chlorobenzene; esters such as isobutyl isobutyrate and propyl propronate.
• saturated aliphatics such as n-pent
• Useful silicone solvents may be exemplified by, but not limited to cyclic siloxanes such as octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane.
• a single solvent may be used or a mixture of solvents may be used.
• the reaction to produce the silicone resin can be carried out at any temperature so long as it does not cause significant gellation or cause curing of the silicone resin. Typically the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of 5 °C to 150 °C, with ambient temperature suggested. [0019] The time to form the silicone resin is dependent upon a number of factors such as the temperature, the type and amount of silane reactants, and the amount of catalyst, if present. Typically the reaction time is from several minutes to several hours. One skilled in the art will be able to readily determine the time necessary to complete the reaction. [0020] Following completion of the reaction the catalyst may be optionally removed. Methods for removing the catalyst are well know in the art and would include neutralization, stripping or water washing or combinations thereof.
• the catalyst may negatively impact the shelf life of the silicone resin especially when in solution thus its removal is suggested.
• volatiles may be removed from the silicone resin solution under reduced pressure.
• volatiles include alcohol by-products, excess water, catalyst, hydrochloric acid (chlorosilane routes) and solvents.
• Methods for removing volatiles are known in the art and include, for example, distillation.
• the silicone resin may be recovered in solid form by removing the solvent.
• the method of solvent removal is not critical and numerous methods are well known in the art (e.g. distillation under heat and/or vacuum).
• the resin can be optionally re-dissolved in the same or another solvent for a particular use.
• a solvent exchange may be done by adding a secondary solvent and removing the first solvent through distillation, for example.
• the resin concentration in solvent can be adjusted by removing some of the solvent or adding additional amounts of solvent.
• This invention also pertains to forming a dielectric material in an integrated circuit device wherein the dielectric material is comprised of at least one layer of an organic dielectric having a critical surface free energy of at least 40 dynes/cm and a second phenylated-oxide dielectric layer produced from the silicone resin of this invention and having a critical surface free energy of at least 30 dynes/cm.
• this "dual layer" dielectric material is that one dielectric layer is able to serve as an etch stop layer for the other.
• Good surface wetting can be achieved by the use of a phenylated-oxide inorganic layer having a critical surface free energy of at least 30 dynes/cm with an organic dielectric having a critical surface free energy of at least 40 dynes/cm. By having good surface wetting one is able to achieve an essentially uniform coating of one material over the other.
• the organic dielectric layer may be produced by methods known in the art, using materials known in the art.
• One suitable organic dielectric material is SiLKTM manufactured by Dow Chemical Co. This material produces a dielectric layer having a critical surface free energy of 53 dynes/cm.
• SiLKTM may be processed using conventional spin coating techniques and equipment.
• the silicon resin may be used to prepare a phenylated-oxide dielectric layer by (I) coating a semiconductor substrate with a silicone resin comprising 5 to 50 mole% of (PhSiO(3. x y 2 (OH) x ) units and 50 to 95 mole% (HSiO(3. x )/ 2 (OH) ⁇ ), where Ph is a phenyl group, x has a value of 0, 1 or 2 and
• the semiconductor substrate may contain an organic dielectric layer, over which the phenylated-oxide dielectric layer is formed. Alternatively the phenylated-oxide dielectric layer may be formed first and the organic dielectric layer is then formed over the phenylated- oxide dielectric layer.
• the silicone resin is typically applied to the substrate as a solvent dispersion. Solvents that may be used include any agent or mixture of agents that will dissolve or disperse the silicon resin to form an essentially homogeneous liquid mixture. The solvent is typically a single solvent or mixture of solvents that are used in the reaction to produce the silicone resin, described above.
• Suggested solvents are propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, cyclohexanone, ⁇ -butyrolacetone, methyl isobutyl ketone, methyl propyl ketone, mesitylene, and silicones.
• the amount of solvent is not particularly limited but is typically present in an amount of 40 to 99.5 % by weight, alternatively 60 to 99.5 % based on the weight of silicone resin and solvent.
• Specific methods for application of the silicone resin to the substrate include, but are not limited to, spin-coating, dip-coating, spay-coating, flow-coating, screen-printing and others. The suggested method for application is spin-coating.
• the solvent is removed from the coated substrate following application. Any suitable means for removal may be used such as drying, the application of a vacuum and/or the application of heat (i.e. such as passing a coated wafer over hot plates).
• Any suitable means for removal may be used such as drying, the application of a vacuum and/or the application of heat (i.e. such as passing a coated wafer over hot plates).
• spin coating the additional drying method is minimized since the spinning drives off most of the solvent.
• the coated substrate is heated at a temperature to cure the silicone resin.
• a cured silicone resin is essentially insoluble in a solvent which may be used for it application to the substrate.
• the coated substrate is heated to a temperature in the range of 100 °C to 600 °C to cure the silicone resin, with 100°C to 450°C suggested.
• the atmosphere used during the curing of the resin is not particularly limited.
• Useful atmosphere include oxygen containing atmospheres such as air and inert atmospheres such as nitrogen, and argon.
• inert it is meant that the environment contain less than 50 ppm and preferably less than 10 ppm of oxygen.
• the pressure at which the curing and removal steps are carried out is not critical.
• the curing is typically carried out at atmospheric pressure however, sub or super atmospheric pressures may work also.
• Any method of heating may be used to cure the silicone resin.
• the substrate may be placed in a quartz tube furnace, convection oven, rapid thermal processing or allowed to stand on hot plates. Furnaces are commonly used in the industry to produce cured resin films on integrated circuits.
• the layers of dielectric materials may be produced in any order.
• a layer of organic dielectric may be produced on a semiconductor substrate and thereafter a layer of inorganic dielectric may be formed thereon.
• a layer of inorganic dielectric may be produced on the semiconductor substrate and thereafter a layer of organic dielectric may be produced thereon.
• sandwich structures or multiple layers may be formed.
• a layer of organic dielectric may be produced on the substrate followed by a layer of inorganic dielectric, followed by another layer of organic dielectric.
• Ph methyl
• EGDME ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
• deionized water containing 100 ppm nitric acid catalyst was added.
• the mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for 4 days.
• propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) was added.
• the original solvent ethylene glycol dimethyl ether
• residual water, alcohol by-products and residual nitric acid were removed from the solution by rotary evaporation, leaving the resin product (10 wt.%) in propylene glycol methyl ether acetate solution.
• Example 2 Ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (EGDME), phenyltrichlorosilane and trichlorosilane were added into a flask reactor in the amounts shown in Table 2. The solution was cooled to 10-12°C, while maintaining the solution under a nitrogen atmosphere. In a separate flask EGDME and water were combined in the amounts shown in Table 2. The water/EGDME solution was added to the chlorosilane/EGDME over the time shown in Table 2. After the addition the solution was allowed to warm to 20°C and stirred for the time shown in Table 2 (Bodying time) to body the formed resin. 200 grams of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA) was added to the solution.
• PGMEA propylene glycol methyl ether acetate
• Example 2-2 was carried out in PGMEA instead of EGDME.
• the organic phase was washed 8 times with IL portions of deionized water. This was continued until a pH of 4 was achieved.
• the organic phase was transferred to a flask and concentrated to 30 weight percent resin using a rotary evaporator. Toluene was added to the resin solution to decrease the resin concentration to 20 weight percent. To the solution was then added ethanol at a level of 10 weight percent of the total solution weight. The resin was again concentrated with a rotary evaporator to 30 weight percent in order to remove the ethanol and any residual water and hydrochloric acid. The solution was diluted with toluene to 20 weight percent resin.
• the resin was purified by fractionation of the resin by adding acetonitrile to the toluene/resin solution. Typically three resin fractions could be isolated by adding acetonitrile to attain a 0.65 ratio of solution/acetonitrile to precipitate the high molecular weight fraction; a 0.13 ratio to precipitate the middle fraction (40-45 percent of the material), with the final solution containing the low molecular weight material.
• the middle fraction was used for evaluation purposes and had an average molecular weight of 40,000 as measured by 3D light scattering GPC.
• These materials were dissolved in cyclohexanone for thin film studies at solids concentrations of 7.5 to 10 wt%.
• Samples from Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were diluted in PGMEA to a concentration of 1 to 3 wt %, filtered and spin-coated onto silicon wafers.
• the spin rates were selected in the range of 2000 to 5000 RPM to achieve as-spun thickness in the range of 250 angstroms.
• the coated wafers were heated in a rapid thermal processor in a nitrogen atmosphere at 250°C for two minutes to produce a methylated-oxide coating. Results are given Table 6.

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