EP1445761A1 - Appareil et méthode pour le fonctionnement de systèmes assistés par la parole dans des véhicules automobiles - Google Patents
Appareil et méthode pour le fonctionnement de systèmes assistés par la parole dans des véhicules automobiles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1445761A1 EP1445761A1 EP04000822A EP04000822A EP1445761A1 EP 1445761 A1 EP1445761 A1 EP 1445761A1 EP 04000822 A EP04000822 A EP 04000822A EP 04000822 A EP04000822 A EP 04000822A EP 1445761 A1 EP1445761 A1 EP 1445761A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- microphone
- signal
- power
- generated
- frequency
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L21/00—Speech or voice signal processing techniques to produce another audible or non-audible signal, e.g. visual or tactile, in order to modify its quality or its intelligibility
- G10L21/02—Speech enhancement, e.g. noise reduction or echo cancellation
- G10L21/0208—Noise filtering
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
- H04R3/02—Circuits for transducers for preventing acoustic reaction, i.e. acoustic oscillatory feedback
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2499/00—Aspects covered by H04R or H04S not otherwise provided for in their subgroups
- H04R2499/10—General applications
- H04R2499/13—Acoustic transducers and sound field adaptation in vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
- H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers for combining the signals of two or more microphones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for the operation of voice-assisted systems, such as communication and / or voice / intercom devices in motor vehicles, in which a microphone arrangement Voice signals recorded and passed to at least one speaker become.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a method and a device of the generic type in such a way that the verbal Communication of the occupants of a vehicle is improved.
- This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a device solved according to claim 28.
- This is to operate a voice-assisted Systems, such as a communication and / or voice / intercom in a motor vehicle, with at least one microphone and at least one speaker for reproducing a signal generated by means of the microphone as well as between the bandpass filter arranged on the microphone and loudspeaker depending on a comparison of the power of the microphone signal generated at an examination frequency with the power of the means of Microphone generated signal at least one substantially integer Multiples, ie a substantially harmonic, the examination frequency or depending on a comparison of the power of the microphone generated by the Signal at an examination frequency with the power of the microphone generated signal at the examination frequency at least one earlier Time set.
- the examination frequency is one or more Frequencies of the signal generated by the microphone in question.
- Embodiment of the invention is the frequency as the examination frequency selected, in which the power of the signal generated by the microphone in the substantial maximum.
- several frequency components with large Services selected as examination frequencies.
- the bandpass filter is both depending on a comparison of the power of the microphone generated by the Signal at the examination frequency with the power of the microphone generated signal at least a substantially integer multiple of the Examination frequency as well as depending on a comparison of the performance of the by means of the microphone generated signal at the examination frequency with the Power of the signal generated by the microphone at the examination frequency set at least at an earlier date.
- the bandpass filter is so set it to the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone with a Locking frequency (only) locks when the power of the microphone generated signal at the examination frequency by more than an upper Limit is greater than the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the first harmonic of the examination frequency.
- Blocking frequency in the sense of Invention may also be a frequency range and not just a single frequency.
- the upper limit is between 20 and 40dB.
- the upper limit is substantially 30dB.
- the bandpass filter is so set it to the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone with the Locking frequency does not lock when the power of the microphone generated by the Signal at the examination frequency less than a lower limit is greater than the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the first Harmonics of the examination frequency.
- the lower limit is the lower limit between 5 and 20dB.
- the lower limit is substantially 12dB.
- the bandpass filter is so adjusted that the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone in the Locking frequency locks if it is decided that the power of the means of the Microphone at the examination frequency increases exponentially.
- the bandpass filter is so set it to the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone with the Locking frequency (only) locks when the power of the microphone generated signal at the examination frequency longer than a first response time is greater than a threshold, with the first response time more advantageous greater than essentially 750ms.
- the minimum dead time is advantageously 200ms to 300ms.
- the bandpass filter is so adjusted that it the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone at a Frequency range around the blocking frequency blocks if after expiration of a Repetition time, which is greater than the minimum dead time, the performance of the means of Microphone generated signal at the examination frequency by more than the upper Limit is greater than the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the substantially first harmonic of the examination frequency and / or when It is decided that the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the examination frequency increases exponentially.
- the bandpass filter is so adjusted that it the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone at a enlarged frequency range around the blocking frequency blocks when after expiration of a Repetition time, which is greater than the minimum dead time, the performance of the means of Microphone generated signal at the examination frequency by more than the upper Limit is greater than the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the substantially first harmonic of the examination frequency and / or when It is decided that the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the examination frequency increases exponentially.
- the aforementioned object is also achieved by a method according to claim 30 and a device according to claim 53 solved. It is used to operate a voice-assisted system, such as a communication and / or voice / intercom device in a motor vehicle, with at least one microphone and at least one speaker for playing a generated by means of the microphone Signal and one between the microphone and the speaker arranged Bandpass filter the power of the signal generated by the microphone at least three examination frequencies determined by evaluating the performance of the detected by the microphone signal at the examination frequencies is whether there is feedback, and the bandpass filter is set such that it is a part of the microphone that is around a cutoff frequency generated signal locks when it is determined that feedback exists.
- a voice-assisted system such as a communication and / or voice / intercom device in a motor vehicle
- Bandpass filter the power of the signal generated by the microphone at least three examination frequencies determined by evaluating the performance of the detected by the microphone signal at the examination frequencies is whether there is feedback, and the bandpass filter is set such that it is a part
- Notch frequency in the sense of the invention (and thus also in the sense of all claims) the examination frequency at which the power of the microphone generated signal is maximum.
- the examination frequency at which the power of the microphone generated signal is maximum is the Rejection frequency but the examination frequency added with a correction frequency, where the power of the signal generated by the microphone is maximum, i. to the examination frequency at which the power of the microphone generated by the Signal is maximum, a correction frequency is added.
- This correction frequency is Advantageously, depending on the power of the generated by means of the microphone Signal at the examination frequency at which the power of the microphone generated signal is maximum, as well as the power of the microphone generated by the Signal at least one, especially immediately, next to this Examination frequency lying examination frequency formed.
- fkorr 40Hz * (2-4) / (16+
- ) -4.44Hz
- the examination frequency at which the power of the signal generated by the microphone is maximum is thus 3840 Hz and the blocking frequency 3835.56 Hz.
- the distances between at least part of the examination frequencies or all examination frequencies equidistant are provided.
- Embodiment of the invention is a presence of Feedback only detected when the power of the microphone signal generated at the examination frequency at which the power of the means of the Microphone generated signal maximum is greater by more than an upper limit is the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the first Harmonics of this examination frequency, the upper limit advantageously between 20 and 40 dB, in particular at substantially 30 dB, lies.
- a presence of Feedback then detected when the power of the microphone signal generated at the examination frequency at which the power of the means of the Microphone generated signal is maximum, at least approximately, exponentially increases.
- a presence of Feedback then detected when the power of the microphone generated signal at least one examination frequency longer than a first Response time is greater than a threshold.
- the first response time is advantageously greater than substantially 750ms.
- the threshold can depending on the power of the signal S or on the sum of the powers of all Examination frequencies are selected.
- a presence of Feedback then detected when the power of the microphone generated signal at least one examination frequency longer than a first Response time greater than the power of the signal generated by the microphone at every other examination frequency is.
- the second response time is advantageously greater than essentially 750ms.
- the setting of Bandpass filter repeated at the earliest after expiration of a minimum dead time the advantageously between 100ms to 300ms.
- the performance of the means of Microphone generated signal at least 50, especially at 150 to 300, Examination frequencies determined.
- the bandpass filter is a Notch filter or a filter bank with at least one notch filter.
- the filter bank can e.g. Include 10 notch filters.
- Fig. 1 shows the interior view of a motor vehicle 1 from above.
- Reference numerals 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 designate speakers.
- Reference numerals 21, 22, 23 and 24 denote microphones.
- the Speakers 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 and 20 are included partly to a music system and partly to a communication or speech / intercom device. They can also be used by both systems.
- the speakers 9, 17, 18, 19, 20 enter from the microphone 21 generated signal, the speakers 7, 17, 18, 19, 20 a of the Microphone 22 generated signal, the speakers 7, 9, 19, 20 a from the microphone 23rd generated signal and the speakers 7, 9, 17, 18 a generated by the microphone 24 Signal off.
- the communication is in principle the better ever stronger a signal between one of the microphones 21, 22, 23, 24 and one of the Loudspeaker 7, 9, 17, 18, 19, 20 is amplified.
- a bandpass filter 32 is provided. This filters a signal S generated by the microphone 30 and provides a filtered signal S 'in which certain frequency ranges are filtered out, for which a decision logic 33 has recognized the risk of feedback.
- the decision logic 33 determines filter parameters f c and Q by means of which the bandpass filter 32 is set.
- Amplifier can be provided.
- the amplifier function can also by the Bandpass filters are taken.
- the bandpass filter 32 is advantageously designed as a filter bank, as shown in FIG.
- the filter bank advantageously comprises up to 10 notch filters.
- FIG. 5 shows an exemplary embodiment of a sequence chip implemented in a decision logic 33.
- an examination frequency is first determined in a step 40.
- the frequency f of the signal S analyzed and, as exemplified in Fig. 6, the power P of the signal S on, for example, 192 different test frequencies f n, f n + 1, f n + 2, f n + 3, f n + 4 , f n + 5 , f n + 6 , f n + 7 , f n + 8 determined, which are eg 40Hz apart.
- the examination frequency f n + 5 at which the power is maximum, the subsequent sequence is run through. However, it is also possible to go through the following procedure for more than one examination frequency.
- the term of the power according to the invention may include the amplitude or its time average. Also included in the sense of the invention are other modifications of the power, the amplitude or their time averages, such as normalized quantities.
- the value of the power of the signal S at this examination frequency f n can be divided by the sum of the power of the signal S at all examination frequencies f n , f n + 1 , f n + 2 , f n + 3 , f n + 4 , f n + 5 , f n + 6 , f n + 7 , f n + 8 .
- the step 40 is followed by a query 41, if there is a risk of feedback. Details of this query are made with reference to FIGS. 7 and 10. Unless the danger the feedback consists, the query 41 follows a query 42, whether that of the Microphone 30 already generates signal S by means of the bandpass filter the examination frequency has been reduced around.
- the query 42 is followed by a step 43 in which the filter parameters, ie the center frequency f c and the quality Q of the bandpass filter Filters are generated.
- the center frequency f c is an example of the blocking frequency in the sense of the claims.
- the blocking frequency in the sense of the claims can also be, in particular, the frequency range around the center frequency f c , which the bandpass filter actually filters out of the signal S generated by the microphone 30.
- the quality Q is set to a predetermined value of e.g. 1 / 40Hz set.
- Step 43 is followed by inquiry 45 as to whether the program should be terminated. Should that If the program does not terminate, query 45 is followed by step 40. Otherwise the program is ended.
- the query 43 is followed by a step 44, in which the quality Q is reduced.
- the bandpass filter is adjusted so that it blocks the proportion of the signal generated by the microphone at an increased frequency range around the center frequency f c around.
- Step 44 is followed by step 40.
- query 41 is followed by query 45 or optionally, a step 46 in which the filtering of the microphone 30 generated by the microphone Signal S is terminated around the examination frequency.
- the query 41 is repeated at the earliest after expiration of a minimum dead time, the minimum dead time in the present embodiment is 200ms to 300ms.
- Fig. 7 shows an embodiment for the query 41.
- a query 50 is first provided, whether the power of the signal generated by the microphone 30 S at the examination frequency by not less than a lower limit .DELTA.l greater than the power of the microphone 30 generated signal S at the first harmonic (ie twice) of the examination frequency.
- the lower limit ⁇ 1 is for example between 5 and 20 dB.
- the lower limit ⁇ 1 is substantially 12dB.
- This query is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 8, where f H0 denotes the examination frequency, f H1 , f H2 , f H3 and f H4 the first, second, third and fourth harmonics of the examination frequency and f H1 / 2 the first subharmonic of the examination frequency.
- query 50 is thus queried whether P (f H0 ) -P (f H1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1
- query 50 may be provided for one or more of the queries P (f H0 ) -P (f H1 / 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 P (f H0 ) -P (f H2 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 P (f H0 ) -P (f H3 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 P (f H0 ) -P (f H4 ) ⁇ ⁇ 1 to supplement, where appropriate, other limits can be selected.
- the examination frequencies fn , fn + 1 , fn + 2 , fn + 3 , fn + 4 , fn + 5 , fn + 6 , fn + 7 , fn + 8 in Fig. 6 are of to distinguish the subharmonic / harmonics f H1 / 2 , f H1 , f H2 , f H3 and f H4 in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, respectively.
- the query 50 is followed by a query 51.
- the query 51 queries whether the power of the signal S generated by means of the microphone 30 at the examination frequency is not greater than an upper limit ⁇ 2 greater than the power of the signal S generated by the microphone 30 at the first harmonic of the examination frequency.
- the upper limit ⁇ 2 is for example between 20 and 40 dB.
- the upper limit ⁇ 2 is substantially 30 dB. This query is illustrated by way of example in FIG.
- f H0 denotes the examination frequency
- f H1 , f H2 , f H3 and f H4 the first, second, third and fourth harmonics of the examination frequency
- f H1 / 2 the first subharmonic of the examination frequency.
- P again denotes the power at a frequency f.
- query 51 is thus queried whether P (f H0 ) -P (f H1 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2
- query 51 may be provided for one or more of the queries P (f H0 ) -P (f H1 / 2 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 P (f H0 ) -P (f H2 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 P (f H0 ) -P (f H3 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 P (f H0 ) -P (f H4 ) ⁇ ⁇ 2 to supplement, where appropriate, other limits can be selected.
- the query 51 follows a query 52, by means of the signal generated by comparing the power of the microphone 30 S at the examination frequency with the power of the microphone 30th generated signal S at the examination frequency to at least one earlier Time is inquired whether the power of the signal generated by the microphone at the examination frequency increases exponentially.
- Fig. 10 shows a further embodiment for the query 41. It is first a query 60 is provided as to whether the power generated by the microphone 30 Signal S at the examination frequency is greater than a predetermined limit value. In This case is followed by a query 61 corresponding to query 50. The queries 62 and 63 correspond to the queries 51 and 52.
- Fig. 11 shows a preferred embodiment for one in the decision logic 33 implemented expiration.
- the process starts with a step 81, which is the step 40 in Fig. 5 corresponds.
- Step 81 is followed by a query 41 in FIG. 5 Query 82, if there is a risk of feedback.
- Embodiments for the Query 82 is shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 10.
- FIG. 7 and FIG. 10 In connection with the exemplary embodiment Figure 11 has an implementation of a feedback detection (query 82), as is explained in more detail in Fig. 12, found to be advantageous.
- query 82 is query 83 corresponding to query 45 to see if the program terminates shall be. If the program is not terminated, then query 93 follows Step 81. Otherwise, the program will exit.
- query 82 is followed by query 42 corresponding query 83, whether the generated by the microphone 30 signal S already by means of the bandpass filter around signal portions around the examination frequency around is reduced. If the signal S generated by the microphone 30 is already using the Bandpass filter reduced by signal components around the examination frequency, so the query 83 follows a query 85 otherwise a query 84.
- Query 84 queries whether a notch filter is available. If a notch filter is available, query 84 is followed by a step 88 corresponding to step 43, in which the filter parameters, ie the center frequency f c and the quality Q of the bandpass filter for the specific embodiment, are generated. If query 84 indicates that no notch filter is available, query 84 is followed by a step 86 in which the power of signal S is reduced by a reduction factor which is advantageously between 2 dB and 5 dB, in particular at substantially 3dB , Step 86 is followed by a step 87 in which the entire run is stopped for a stop time of substantially 3 seconds. However, this step should only be executed once per run.
- the query 85 is queried whether by a further expansion of the Frequency range in which the bandpass filter blocks, so by further reduction of its quality Q, a predetermined minimum quality would be undercut.
- the query 85 follows a step 89, otherwise a step 91.
- step 91 corresponding to step 44 the Q is reduced.
- Steps 87, 88 and 91 are followed by a step 92, in which the process has a minimum dead time long, wherein the minimum dead time in the present embodiment 100ms.
- step 89 the power of the signal S is reduced by a reduction factor advantageously between 2dB and 5dB, especially at substantially 3dB, reduced.
- the step 89 is followed by a step 90 in which the entire run for a Stopping time of substantially 3s is stopped.
- FIG. 7 shows an exemplary embodiment for the query 82, according to which also query 41 can be implemented.
- a query 95 is provided, whether the Power of the signal S generated by the microphone 30 at the examination frequency greater than 750ms greater than the power of the microphone 30 generated signal S every other examination frequency. Is the performance of by the microphone 30 generated signal S at the examination frequency longer than 750 ms is greater than the power of the signal generated by the microphone 30 S every other examination frequency, query 95 is followed by a query 96. Otherwise, query 95 follows query 93.
- query 96 is queried whether the power of the microphone 30th generated signal S at the examination frequency by not less than 12dB larger is the power of the signal S generated by the microphone 30 at the first one Harmonic (that is twice) of the examination frequency. Is the power of the signal S generated by the microphone 30 at the examination frequency not less than 12dB greater than the power of the microphone 30 generated signal S at the first harmonic of the examination frequency, it follows query 96 has a query 97. Otherwise, query 96 follows query 93.
- query 97 is queried whether the power of the microphone 30th generated signal S at the examination frequency longer than 750ms greater than one Threshold is. Is the power of the generated by the microphone 30 signal S at the examination frequency longer than 750ms greater than a threshold query 97 follows query 83. Otherwise, query 95 follows query 93.
- the feedback detection according to the invention is not based on the embodiments limited according to Fig. 7, Fig. 10 and Fig. 12. It can e.g. be provided that the queries 52 and 63 follow the no outputs of the queries 50 and 61, respectively. moreover can be provided, the embodiments of FIG. 7, Fig. 10 and Fig. 12 with their binary decision logic by a fuzzy decision logic, so fuzzy logic or replace neural networks.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Otolaryngology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Computational Linguistics (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/360,889 US7467084B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2003-02-07 | Device and method for operating a voice-enhancement system |
| US360889 | 2003-02-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1445761A1 true EP1445761A1 (fr) | 2004-08-11 |
| EP1445761B1 EP1445761B1 (fr) | 2016-05-25 |
Family
ID=32655663
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04000822.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1445761B1 (fr) | 2003-02-07 | 2004-01-16 | Appareil et méthode pour le fonctionnement de systèmes assistés par la parole dans des véhicules automobiles |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7467084B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1445761B1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005018277A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif et procede pour exploiter des systemes a assistance vocale dans des automobiles |
| DE102006016593A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Bury Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kommunikationseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20050153758A1 (en) * | 2004-01-13 | 2005-07-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus, system and method of integrating wireless telephones in vehicles |
| WO2008061205A2 (fr) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-05-22 | Johnson Controls Technology Company | Système de communication intégré pour véhicule |
| US8626516B2 (en) * | 2009-02-09 | 2014-01-07 | Broadcom Corporation | Method and system for dynamic range control in an audio processing system |
| GB2471719A (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2011-01-12 | Secomak Ltd | A vehicular communications system |
| US10857909B2 (en) | 2019-02-05 | 2020-12-08 | Lear Corporation | Electrical assembly |
| US10418019B1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-09-17 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and system to mask occupant sounds in a ride sharing environment |
| JP2023179092A (ja) * | 2022-06-07 | 2023-12-19 | アルプスアルパイン株式会社 | コミュニケーション支援システム |
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| WO2002021817A2 (fr) | 2000-09-09 | 2002-03-14 | Harman International Industries Limited | Procede et systeme d'elimination de la reaction acoustique |
| WO2002032356A1 (fr) * | 2000-10-19 | 2002-04-25 | Lear Corporation | Traitement transitoire pour systeme de communication |
| WO2002069487A1 (fr) | 2001-02-21 | 2002-09-06 | Digisonix, Llc | Systeme dve avec detection d'instabilite |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005018277A1 (fr) * | 2003-07-18 | 2005-02-24 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Dispositif et procede pour exploiter des systemes a assistance vocale dans des automobiles |
| US7912228B2 (en) | 2003-07-18 | 2011-03-22 | Volkswagen Ag | Device and method for operating voice-supported systems in motor vehicles |
| DE102006016593A1 (de) * | 2006-04-06 | 2007-10-11 | Bury Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kommunikationseinrichtung für Fahrzeuge |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7467084B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 |
| EP1445761B1 (fr) | 2016-05-25 |
| US20040158460A1 (en) | 2004-08-12 |
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