Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B37/00—Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
  • C01B37/005—Silicates, i.e. so-called metallosilicalites or metallozeosilites
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B33/20—Silicates
  • C01B33/36—Silicates having base-exchange properties but not having molecular sieve properties
  • C01B33/38—Layered base-exchange silicates, e.g. clays, micas or alkali metal silicates of kenyaite or magadiite type
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B37/00—Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B37/00—Compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties
  • C01B37/02—Crystalline silica-polymorphs, e.g. silicalites dealuminated aluminosilicate zeolites
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
  • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]

Definitions

• the present invention relates to ordered mesostructured or mesoporous materials, thermally stable, and useful in particular, as such, as catalysts, for example as acid-base catalysts or redox catalysts, or as carriers for catalytic species, in particular as supports for metallic catalytic species, in particular of the noble metals type in the metallic state.
• a so-called "structured” material is a material having an organized structure, that is to say, within the meaning of the invention, a structure which has at least one diffusion peak in a flow diagram.
• radiation scattering obtained when said structure is subjected to radiation scattering (usually X-rays or neutrons). Examples of obtaining such diffusion diagrams are for example described in Small Angle X-Rays Scattering (Glatter and Kratky - Académie Press London - 1982).
• the diffusion peak observed in the diffusion diagram obtained for a given structured material can be associated with a repetition distance characteristic of the material considered. This characteristic repetition distance will be designated in the remainder of this description by the term "spatial repetition period" of the structured system.
• mesostructured material is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, a structured material having a spatial repetition period of between 2 and 50 nm.
• the organized structure present in such a material will be designated here by the term “mesostructure”.
• mesostructured materials constitute a special case of mesostructured materials.
• mesoporous materials that is to say solids having pores, called “mesopores”, with an average diameter of between 2 and 50 nm, said mesopores typically having an organized spatial arrangement.
• mesopores solids having pores
• mesopores with an average diameter of between 2 and 50 nm
• the existence of a spatial period of repetition results, for a mesostructured material, by the existence of a repetition distance within the mesostructure, understood between 2 and 50 nm, this distance being generally observable on photographs of the mesostructured material in electron microscopy.
• M41 S The family of materials with generic designation "M41 S", in particular described by Kresge et al. in Nature, vol. 359, pp. 710-712 (1992) or by Q. Huo et al. in Nature, vol. 368, pp. 317-321 (1994) is the best known example of ordered mesostructured and mesoporous materials: they are silicas or aluminosilicates whose structure is formed of two- or three-dimensional channels ordered in a hexagonal arrangement (MCM-41 ) or cubic (MCM-48), or which have a vesicular or lamellar structure (MCM-50).
• MCM-41 hexagonal arrangement
• MCM-48 cubic
• MCM-50 vesicular or lamellar structure
• MCM-41 and MCM-48 compounds are often described in the literature as being ordered mesoporous materials. Fengxi Chen et al., For example, describe in Chemicals Materials, vol. 9, No 12, p. 2685 (1997), the channels present within these structures as "two- or three-dimensional mesopores".
• materials with a vesicular or lamellar structure of the MCM-50 type cannot be assimilated to mesoporous structures, since their porous parts cannot be considered as mesopores.
• Such structures will therefore only be designated by the term "mesostructures" in the following description.
• mesostructures By way of example of particular mesostructures, mention may also be made of so-called “MSU” materials, which are for example described by Bagshaw et al. in Science (volume 269, pp. 1242-1244 (1995)). These mesostructures, called “vermicular”, are schematically made up of a three-dimensional network of channels of substantially constant diameter.
• Ordered mesostructured and mesoporous materials such as M41 S or MSU are generally obtained by a process known as "liquid crystal texturing", usually designated by the initials “LCT” corresponding to the English expression “Liquid Crystal Templating”.
• This "LCT” process consists in forming a mineral matrix such as a silica or aluminosilicate gel in the presence of amphiphilic compounds of surfactant type.
• liquid crystal texturing comes from the fact that it can be considered schematically that the liquid crystal structure initially adopted by the surfactant molecules imprints the final matrix on the mineral matrix.
• the mineral precursors are localized on the hydrophilic parts of the amphiphilic compounds before condensing between them, which gives the mineral matrix obtained in fine a spatial arrangement modeled on that liquid crystal.
• an ordered mesostructured or mesoporous material is obtained, which in a way constitutes the imprint of the initial liquid crystal structure.
• Beck et al. thus explain in the Journal of American Chemical Society (vol. 114, p. 10834; 1992) the formation of the honeycomb structure of MCM-41 by the initial organization of the surfactant molecules in the form of a crystal phase hexagonal liquid. It seems, however, as shown by Davis et al. in
• thermally stable mesostructured materials by using in a texturing process of the type of that of WO 01/32558 of crystalline particles based on materials of oxide type called "doped", that is to say comprising a metallic element, other than the metallic element forming the oxide, in solid solution within the crystal lattice of said oxide.
• the inventors have moreover demonstrated that the integration of doping metal cations in solid solution in particles immobilized within the walls of a mesostructure can be carried out at relatively low temperature.
• the material obtained in fine generally exhibits, in addition to the catalytic properties due to the presence of the particles.
• the material obtained in fine generally exhibits, in addition to the catalytic properties due to the presence of the particles.
• comprising a metallic element in solid solution both a high specific surface and good thermal stability, which makes it possible in particular to envisage its use as a heterogeneous catalyst or as a support for catalytic species in heterogeneous catalysis.
• the present invention aims to provide mesostructured materials having a high specific surface and good thermal stability, associated with properties advantageous in catalysis, in particular properties of adsorption of reagents, storage of oxygen, acid-base catalysis, and / or redox catalysis.
• Another object of the invention is to provide mesostructured materials having a high specific surface and good thermal stability, and suitable as a support for catalytic species, in particular of the noble metal type in the metallic state.
• the invention aims to provide heterogeneous mesoporous catalysts with high specific surface and significant thermal stability.
• the subject of the present invention is a mesostructured material (for example ordered mesoporous), comprising a mineral phase, within which particles of nanometric dimensions comprising at least one metallic oxide in the crystalline state, chosen from a cerium oxide, a zirconium oxide, a titanium oxide, or an oxide of a rare earth other than cerium, said oxide comprising at least one metallic element M, in cationic form, in solid solution within the crystal lattice of said oxide.
• a mesostructured material for example ordered mesoporous
• a mineral phase within which particles of nanometric dimensions comprising at least one metallic oxide in the crystalline state, chosen from a cerium oxide, a zirconium oxide, a titanium oxide, or an oxide of a rare earth other than cerium, said oxide comprising at least one metallic element M, in cationic form, in solid solution within the crystal lattice of said oxide.
• rare earth an element chosen from yttrium or the lanthanides, the lanthanides designating all the elements whose atomic number is included, inclusively, between 57 (lanthanum) and 71 (lutetium)
• the mesostructured material of the invention is thermally stable.
• the material of the invention generally retains a mesostructured character when it is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature of 400 ° C. for a period of 6 hours.
• the material according to the invention retains this mesostructured character even when it is subjected, for the same period, to a temperature of 500 ° C., and preferably to a higher temperature, which can advantageously range up to 600 ° C. , or even up to 700 ° C, and even, in certain particular cases, up to 800 ° C, and even more preferably up to 900 ° C.
• the BET specific surface of said material does not generally vary by a factor exceeding 50%, this factor preferably remaining less than or equal to 40%, and advantageously less than or equal to 30%.
• the factor of variation of the BET surface to which reference is made is calculated by the ratio (Si-Sf) / (Si), where "Si” denotes the BET specific surface measured before heat treatment; and where "Sf” denotes the BET specific surface measured after heat treatment, the aforementioned BET specific surfaces being measured according to the "BRUNAUER-EMMET-TELLER” method described in the Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 60, page 309 (February 1938). Furthermore, it is most often found that the porous distribution of the material, determined by the method BET, is substantially the same before and after a 6 hour heat treatment at the above temperatures.
• the exposure of mesostructured materials to high temperatures generally leads to embrittlement of these materials, in particular due to the reduction in the thickness of the walls of their mesostructure, which can lead to a collapse of said structure.
• the present invention surprisingly makes it possible to provide compounds which are very stable in temperature.
• the mesostructured materials of the present invention are solids having, at least at a local level, one or more mesostmcture (s) chosen from:
• particles of nanometric dimensions present in the materials of the invention are preferably particles of spherical or isotropic morphology of which at least 50% of the population has an average diameter of between 1 and 10 nm, advantageously less than 6 nm , with a particle size distribution of these advantageously monodisperse particles.
• the “particles of nanometric dimensions” present in the material of the invention can also denote, according to a particular mode, anisotropic particles of the type rods, provided that, for at least 50% of the population of these particles, the average transverse diameter remains between 1 and 10 nm and the length does not exceed 100 nm, with a particle size distribution of these particles preferably monodisperse.
• the particles of nanometric dimensions based on metal oxide which are present in the material of the invention are particles at least partially crystalline, within which the metal oxide generally exhibits a degree of crystallinity preferably ranging from 30 to 100%. in volume.
• the rate of volume crystallinity of a given metal oxide, present within the particles of nanometric dimensions of the material of the invention can be calculated by the ratio of the area of a diffraction peak obtained by diffraction for a control sample of said oxide in the fully crystallized state, related to the area of the same diffraction peak obtained for a sample of the material according to the invention.
• degree of crystallinity of a mesostructured material within the meaning of the invention, is meant the degree of crystallinity proper to the walls of the structure, which globally takes into account both the possible crystallinity of the binder mineral phase and the crystallinity particles of nanometric dimensions - included in this binding phase.
• the crystallinity of the material within the meaning of the invention, corresponds to a microscopic organization detectable in particular by diffraction (for example by X-ray diffraction at large angles), which is to be distinguished in particular of the order presented, at a more macroscopic level, by the mesostructure of the material.
• the particles of nanometric dimensions integrated into the mineral binder phase of the materials of the invention are particles based on a metal oxide which comprises at least one metal M in the cationic state, called "doping element", which is present in solid solution, generally in solid solution of insertion and / or substitution, within the crystal structure of the oxide.
• cations present in solid solution within a metal oxide is meant cations present, by way of insertion and / or substitution cations, within a crystalline metal oxide playing typically the role of a host crystal lattice, said cations generally representing strictly less than 50% by mole of the total amount of metal cations present in the oxide, that is to say that the cations integrated in solid solution preferably of minority cations by compared to the constituent cations of the metal oxide where they are integrated in solid solution, the content of said cations can however reach 50% in certain cases.
• a crystalline oxide integrating cations in solid solution retains the structure of the crystalline oxide in the pure state, slight modifications of the mesh parameters which can however be observed, for example in accordance with Vegard's law.
• a crystalline oxide integrating cations in solid solution therefore generally has an X-ray diffraction diagram similar to that of pure mixed oxide, with a more or less significant shift of the peaks.
• the quantity of cations of the "doping" element M in solid solution represents at least 0.2% by mole of the total amount of metal cations present in the oxide, advantageously at least 0.5% by mole, and even more advantageously at least 1% in mole.
• the content of "doping" cations is as high as possible.
• the content of "doping" cations is at least equal to 5%, preferably at least equal to 20%, and even more advantageously at least equal to 30%, or even at least equal to 40% .
• the element M present in the cationic state in solid solution can, in general, be chosen from rare earths other than cerium, the transition metals capable of being able to be integrated in cationic form in solid solution within a cerium oxide (in particular zirconium or, manganese), or even among the alkaline earth metals (in particular barium, calcium, or strontium), said metal M preferably designating a rare earth other than cerium (advantageously lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium or europium), or zirconium.
• the quantity of cations of metal M which can be introduced in solid solution within a cerium oxide depends on the nature of said metal M.
• the quantity metal cations M which can be integrated in solid solution can represent up to 50% by mole of the total amount of metal cations present in the doped oxide.
• the particles of nanometric dimensions integrated in the mineral binder phase of the materials of the invention are particles based on zirconium oxide.
• the metal M present in the cationic state in solid solution can be chosen from cerium, rare earths other than cerium, the transition metals capable of being able to be integrated in cationic form in solid solution within a zirconium oxide, or alternatively among alkaline earth metals (in particular barium, calcium, or strontium), said metal M preferably designating a rare earth (advantageously cerium, lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, praseodyme, dysprosium or europium).
• the doping metal M represents cerium or another rare earth
• the quantity of cations of metal M which can be integrated in solid solution can represent up to 50% by mole of the total quantity of metal cations present in the oxide dope.
• the metal M present in the cationic state in solid solution can be chosen from rare earths, transition metals capable of being able to be integrated in cationic form in solid solution within a titanium oxide, or alternatively among alkaline earth metals (in particular barium, calcium, or strontium), said metal M being of preferably a formative element of a rutile or anatase type.
• the metal M "dopanf is a rare earth or else manganese, tin, vanadium, niobium, molybdenum or antimony.
• the metal M present in the cationic state in solid solution can be chosen from rare earths other than the rare earth constituting said oxide, the transition metals capable of being able to be integrated in cationic form in solid solution within said rare earth oxide, or alternatively among alkaline earth metals (in particular barium, calcium , or strontium), said metal M then preferably being chosen from cerium, zirconium, lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, praseodyme, dysprosium or europium.
• the mineral phase (or mineral matrix) of the mesostructured material of the present invention which integrates the particles of nanometric dimensions defined above, constitutes an amorphous phase with partially crystalline.
• this mineral phase is at least partially made of silica.
• the mineral phase can also comprise compounds based on the doping element M which is also present in solid solution within particles of nanometric dimensions.
• the mineral phase can for example comprise metal cations of the metal M and / or clusters based on the metal M, preferably dispersed homogeneously within the said mineral phase, for example in a matrix based on of SiO 2 .
• cluster based on the metal M, is meant a polyatomic entity of dimension less than 2 nm, preferably less than 1 nm, comprising at least atoms of the metal M, in the oxidation state 0 or in a state of higher oxidation (typically, these are clusters based on oxide and / or hydroxide species of the metal M, for example polyatomic entities within which several atoms of the metal M are linked together by bridges -O- or -OH-, each of the atoms of the metal M being able to be linked to one or more groups -OH).
• the mineral phase of the materials of the invention may also comprise metal cations of the element M and / or clusters based on the metal M, on the surface of said mineral phase, for example on the surface of a matrix based silica.
• metal M is zirconium, manganese, or even a rare earth (in particular lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, praseodyme, dysprosium or europium).
• the mineral phase of the materials of the invention comprises metal cations of the element M and / or clusters based on the metal M, both dispersed within said mineral phase and on the surface of said mineral phase.
• the metal M is zirconium, manganese, barium, or a rare earth such as lanthanum, yttrium, neodymium, praseodymium, dysprosium or europium).
• Materials exhibiting this type of mineral phase often have increased thermal stability, generally associated with advantageous catalytic properties, in particular acid-base and / or redox properties, which can for example make them suitable for the heterogeneous catalysis of reaction reactions. oxidation or basic catalysis at relatively high temperatures, in particular oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons (alkanes, aromatics ).
• the mineral phase present in the materials of the invention also designated by the term of mineral matrix, plays a characteristic role of binder between the particles of nanometric dimensions.
• the particles of nanometric dimensions present in the material are specifically located within this binding phase, that is to say within the walls of the mesoporous structure. It should therefore be emphasized that the materials according to the invention are in particular to be distinguished from mesoporous materials including particles in the internal space of their pores.
• the material according to the invention is preferably a material in which the mineral phase effectively plays a role of inter-particle binder, but does not completely encompass the particles of nanometric dimensions which it contains.
• the mineral matrix / particle molar ratio of nanometric dimensions is advantageously included in the materials. according to the invention between 20:80 and 99.5: 0.5, and advantageously between 40:60 and 95: 5. Even more preferably, this molar ratio is between 40:60 and 92: 8.
• the materials of the invention can also comprise crystallites based on oxide, hydroxide, oxy-hydroxide, carbonate or hydroxy-carbonate of the “doping” element M which is also present in solid solution in particles of nanometric dimensions defined above.
• these crystallites are included in the matrix and / or present on its surface.
• These crystallites are preferably based on zirconium oxide, hydroxide and / or manganese oxide, hydroxide and / or rare earth oxide (in particular lanthanum oxide), or else also based on an oxide, carbonate or hydroxycarbonate of an alkaline earth metal, in particular of barium, strontium or calcium.
• these crystallites based on the element M have a size less than or equal to 700 nm, and preferably less than or equal to 500 nm.
• these crystallites have a size of between 2 nm and 200 nm.
• Clusters and / or crystallites based on the metal M may also be present, in certain cases, within and or on the surface. particles of nanometric dimensions which are dispersed within this phase. The presence of these clusters and / or crystallites can give the material increased catalytic properties.
• the overall thickness of the walls of the mesoporous structure which integrate the particles of nanometric dimensions and the possible crystallites and / or clusters based on the metal M, is generally between 2 and 12 nm, and most often between 3 and 10 nm.
• the materials of the invention generally have a high BET specific surface, most often between 750 and 2300 m 2 per cm 3 of material. Expressed in area units per unit of mass, this BET specific surface is, as a general rule, between 120 and 600 m 2 / g.
• a material according to the invention is subjected to a heat treatment for 6 hours at 800 ° C.
• its BET specific surface remains at least equal to 750 m 2 per cm 3 of material, this BET specific surface being typically understood between 800 and 1100 m 2 per cm 3 of material (and most often between 120 and 300 m 2 / g).
• the BET specific surface of a material according to the invention remains at least equal to 900 m 2 per cm 3 .
• a material according to the invention is advantageously such that, after a heat treatment of 6 hours at 400 ° C., its BET specific surface is at least equal to 1500 m 2 per cm 3 of material, this BET specific surface being typically between 1600 and 2300 m 2 per cm 3 of material (and most often between 250 and 600 m 2 / g), this specific surface is advantageously at least equal to 1800 m 2 per cm 3 of material.
• the diameter of the pores is generally at least equal to 2 nm. This diameter is most often less than or equal to 8 nm, and most often it is less than or equal to 6 nm.
• the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a mesostructured material incorporating particles based on oxides comprising a metallic element M in solid solution as defined above.
• This process is characterized in that it comprises the successive stages consisting in:
• step (a) whereby at least part of the element M is integrated in the form of cations in solid solution within the oxide present in the particles of nanometric dimensions introduced during step (a), which leads to the 'obtaining a material according to the invention.
• Step (a) of the process of the invention can be carried out by any means known to those skilled in the art.
• this step (a) is preferably carried out by implementing the method which is the subject of patent application WO 01/32558, that is to say by implementing the steps consisting in: (ai ) forming an initial medium, preferably aqueous or hydroalcoholic, advantageously of pH less than 4, comprising a texturing agent, namely an amphiphilic compound of surfactant type, in particular a copolymer, preferably unfilled under the conditions of implementation of the process, and capable of forming micelles in the reaction medium (in particular a nonionic surfactant of the block copolymer type, and more preferably a poly (ethylene oxide) -poly (propylene oxide) -poly (polyoxide oxide) triblock copolymer ethylene));
• a texturing agent namely an amphiphilic compound of surfactant type, in particular a copolymer, preferably unfilled under the conditions of implementation of
• step (a2) add, in the middle of step (ai), a colloidal dispersion of particles of nanometric dimensions based on a metallic oxide in the crystalline state, chosen from a cerium oxide, an oxide of zirconium, a titanium oxide, or a rare earth oxide other than cerium, preferably with a hydrodynamic diameter of at least 50% of the population of colloidal particles between 1 and 15 nm, and a particle size distribution preferably monodisperse 5 of these colloidal particles;
• step (a3) forming, by adding a mineral precursor (generally a compound of alkali silicate or silicon alkoxide) type, a mesostructured mineral phase, most often at least partially, or even essentially, consisting of silica, said phase 10 mineral then integrating, within the walls of this structure, at least part of the particles of nanometric dimensions introduced during step (a2); and
• a mineral precursor generally a compound of alkali silicate or silicon alkoxide
• steps being optionally followed by one or more steps of washing, drying, calcination, and / or controlled partial chemical attack of the mineral phase, for example by NH 4 OH, NaOH or HF.
• the mesoporous structure obtained at the end of step (a) has a specific surface
• this mesostructure produced during step (a) has a pore volume at least equal to
• the particles of nanometric size based on a metal oxide which are immobilized within the mineral mesostructure are preferably particles of cerium oxide of type of those described in particular in
• the metal oxide particles used can also be obtained in particular by acid treatment, washing or dispersion of ultrafine powders obtained for example by high temperature synthesis methods of the type of combustion of metal chlorides in a flame. known to those skilled in the art.
• Step (b) of the method consists in impregnating at least part of the porous zones of the mesostructure produced in step (a) with a compound of element M which it is desired to introduce as "dopant" in solid solution within the oxide particles integrated within the walls of the mesostructure.
• this impregnation is carried out by introducing said cations of the element M within the mesostructure by dispersing them within a vector phase, liquid or gaseous, this vector phase preferably being a liquid medium, generally an aqueous medium. or hydro-alcoholic, or alternatively an organic solvent medium.
• step (b) most often consists in impregnating at least part of the porous zones of the mesostructure carried out in step (a) with a solution, generally aqueous, of a salt of cation of the metal M, preferably of a nitrate, oxy-nitrate, oxalate, and / or acetate of the metal M, or else with an aqueous or hydro-alcoholic solution comprising cations of the metal M in the complexed state, or else again with a solution, generally in an anhydrous organic solvent medium, comprising an alkoxide of the metal M.
• a solution generally aqueous, of a salt of cation of the metal M, preferably of a nitrate, oxy-nitrate, oxalate, and / or acetate of the metal M
• a solution generally in an anhydrous organic solvent medium, comprising an alkoxide of the metal M.
• step (b) it is also possible to envisage in step (b) the use of dispersions of clusters based on metal M (in particular clusters based on oxide and / or hydroxides of metal M), or even a gaseous phase 03/062138
• step (b) it is necessary for the overall concentration of cation of the element M introduced into the porous zones to be relatively low, in particular so as not to observe an excessive reduction in the specific surface of the material, or even a clogging of the pores, following the heat treatment of step (c).
• This overall concentration is such that the total content of cations of said element M, relative to the total surface developed by the mesostructure, remains, as a general rule, less than 5 micromoles of cation per m 2 of surface. Preferably, this content remains at least equal to 1 micromole of cation per m 2 of surface.
• total surface of the mesostructured material is calculated by multiplying the BET specific surface, measured in m 2 / g for the mesostructured material obtained at the end of step (a), by the mass of said material.
• the compounds based on the metal M are introduced into the mesostructure in the form of a solution, in an aqueous or hydro-alcoholic medium, or even within of an organic solvent.
• the overall concentration C in cations M within the medium which is found incorporated in the mesostructure at the end of step (b) is generally less than 2 mol / L and it is preferably between 0.1 mol / L and 1.5 mol / L, this concentration being advantageously less than or equal to 1 mol / L.
• step (b) can be carried out in two possible ways.
• step (b) can be carried out by immersing the mesostructured material obtained at the end of step (a) in a solution comprising the element M at a concentration of the order of the concentration C (generally between 0.1 and 1.5 mol / L, and advantageously between 0.2 and 1 mol / L), then by filtering the medium obtained.
• the impregnated solid collected after filtration then effectively comprises within its porous zones a solution comprising a compound of metal M, with the desired content of metal M.
• step (b) can also be carried out by immersing the mesostructured material obtained at the end of step (a) in a solution comprising the element M at a concentration close to the concentration C (in general at a concentration advantageously between 0.2 and 1.5 mol / L, and preferably between 0.4 and 1.2 mol / L), then subjecting the medium obtained to centrifugation.
• the centrifugation is not carried out under excessively high conditions (typically, the centrifugation is carried out, at a rate of 2000 to 5000 revolutions per minute, for a period generally not exceeding 30 minutes), the centrifugation pellet obtained is a impregnated solid which comprises, within its porous zones, a solution comprising the element M at the desired concentration.
• step (c) the impregnated solid obtained at the end of this step is then subjected to a step (c) of heat treatment.
• This step (c) is essentially intended to achieve an at least partial integration of cations of the element M in solid solution within the oxide-based particles included in the walls of the mesostructure. To this end, it comprises a treatment of the material at a temperature at least equal to 300 ° C., this temperature preferably being at least equal to 350 ° C., higher temperatures not generally being required as regards integration of element M cations within oxide-based particles.
• the process of the present invention makes it possible, surprisingly, to integrate doping metal cations in solid solution for insertion and or substitution within the metal oxide of particles of nanometric dimensions. at low temperatures, which makes it possible in particular to obtain materials functionalized mesostructured with very large specific surfaces.
• step (c) it may be advantageous to carry out the heat treatment of step (c) at a temperature at least equal to 400 ° C., or even at least equal to 500 ° C., in particular so as to improve certain physical and / or chemical characteristics of the material (concentrations in active catalytic sites, specific catalytic activities, etc.), which generally does not excessively affect the specific surface of the material.
• the temperature of the heat treatment in order not to jeopardize the stability of the mesostructure, the temperature of the heat treatment must generally not exceed 1000 ° C., and preferably it remains below 950 ° C., advantageously less than or equal to 900 ° C, and even more preferably less than or equal to 850 ° C.
• step (c) may comprise a drying step, prior to the heat treatment.
• this preliminary drying is generally carried out in the slowest possible way, in particular so as to favor the ionic exchanges.
• the drying is most often carried out at a temperature between 15 and 80 ° C, preferably at a temperature below 50 ° C, or even 40 ° C, and advantageously at room temperature.
• This drying can be carried out under an inert atmosphere (nitrogen, Argon) or under an oxidizing atmosphere (air, oxygen) depending on the compounds present in the material.
• nitrogen, Argon nitrogen, Argon
• oxidizing atmosphere air, oxygen
• the drying is advantageously carried out under a water-free atmosphere.
• step (c) can be carried out by subjecting the solid to a temperature gradient, from an initial temperature between 15 and 95 ° C, at a final temperature between 350 ° C and 1000 ° C , advantageously with a temperature rise of between 0.5 ° C per minute and 2 ° C per minute, and with one or more successive stages of maintaining at intermediate temperatures, preferably between 350 and 600 ° C, for variable durations, generally between 1 hour and 24 hours.
• the method of the invention may comprise, following the impregnation / heat treatment process of steps (b) and (c), one or more subsequent cycles of impregnation / heat treatment using stages of type (b) and (c), carried out on the solid obtained at the end of the preceding cycle.
• the impregnation process (s) / heat treatment used may lead, in addition to an integration of the element M in solid solution within the oxide particles, to an integration of this element under cationic form or in the form of a cluster within and / or at the surface of the mineral binding phase of the mesostructure, in particular when this binding phase is at least partially made of silica.
• the formation of crystallites is often observed based on a compound of metal M, in particular of the oxide, hydroxide, oxy-hydroxide, carbonate or hydroxy-carbonate, at the surface of the binder phase, and / or at least partially integrated therein.
• a compound of metal M in particular of the oxide, hydroxide, oxy-hydroxide, carbonate or hydroxy-carbonate, at the surface of the binder phase, and / or at least partially integrated therein.
• the solids obtained by implementing the steps of type (a), (b) and ( c) have a BET specific surface which remains relatively high, and which generally represents at least 50%, advantageously at least 60%, and even more preferably at least 65% of the BET specific surface of the mesostructured material obtained at the end of l 'step (a).
• the materials of the present invention may prove to be particularly useful as heterogeneous catalysts, in particular as acidic heterogeneous catalysts. , basic or redox.
• the materials of the invention based on cerium oxide particles integrating zirconium in solid solution or conversely materials based on zirconium oxide particles integrating of cerium in solid solution, prove to be particularly interesting insofar as they have significant oxygen storage capacities.
• the materials of the invention based on cerium oxide particles integrating zirconium in solid solution also exhibit, in general, significant thermal stability.
• the mesostructured materials of the invention comprising within the walls of their mesostructures cerium oxide particles integrating manganese in solid solution, which are moderate basic heterogeneous catalysts, appear to be particularly useful as absorption catalyst, in oxidizing atmosphere, nitrogen oxides, such as compounds known as NO x (NO, NO 2 , N 2 O in particular) which are present in certain gaseous effluents.
• cerium oxide particles integrating manganese in solid solution which are moderate basic heterogeneous catalysts, appear to be particularly useful as absorption catalyst, in oxidizing atmosphere, nitrogen oxides, such as compounds known as NO x (NO, NO 2 , N 2 O in particular) which are present in certain gaseous effluents.
• the materials of the invention in particular materials based on cerium oxide particles integrating cations of zirconium or of a rare earth (other than cerium) in solid solution, can prove to be particularly useful for title of supports for catalytic species, in particular metallic species of noble metals type (platinum for example).
• Example 1 preparation of a mesostructured material integrating, within a mineral matrix binding silica, nanometric particles of cerium oxide doped with zirconium in solid solution.
• thermohydrolysis precipitate obtained 68.6% CeO 2
• demineralized water 200 g demineralized water
• the mixture was left to stand overnight at room temperature; - It was centrifuged at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes, then the supernatant phase was washed and concentrated, by ultrafiltration on a 3 KD membrane.
• the concentration of the colloidal dispersion obtained was 43% by weight, or 4.15 M in CeO 2 .
• the molar ratio (SiO 2 / CeO 2 ) introduced is 50:50.
• the reaction assembly was stirred at a temperature of 37 ° C for 20 hours.
• the dispersion obtained was then transferred to a closed enclosure, then it was placed in the oven at 80 ° C. overnight.
• the solid product was recovered by centrifugation at 4500 rpm and then washed with a volume of demineralized water equivalent to the initial volume of the reaction assembly. After separation by centrifugation, the solid product was allowed to dry at room temperature under an air atmosphere.
• the specific surface area measured for the mesostructured compound obtained is 534 m2 / g and the pore volume is 0.37 ml / g.
• the size of the mesopores is 4 nm.
• the distance center to center of the pores determined is of the order of 14 nm, which suggests a thickness of the walls of the order of 10 nm.
• the centrifugation pellet was collected and then dried, leaving it in the open air at 25 ° C for 16 hours.
• the solid obtained was then placed in an oven at 80 ° C for 8 hours.
• the solid was then gradually brought to 400 ° C, at the rate of a temperature rise of 1 ° C per minute.
• the solid was then left at 400 ° C for 6 hours, then the temperature was allowed to gradually decrease to 25 ° C.
• the heat treatment impregnation operation was repeated once on the solid obtained (immersion in 50 mL of zirconyl nitrate solution at 0.25 mol / L in zirconium, stirring for one hour, centrifugation at 4500 revolutions by minute for 15 minutes, drying for 16 hours at 25 ° C, 8 hours oven at 80 ° C, gradual rise (from temperature 1 ° C per minute) to 400 ° C, holding at 400 ° c for 6 hours and slowly decreasing temperature).
• Example 2 preparation of a material with a mesostructured structure integrating, within a mineral silica-binding matrix, nanometric particles of cerium oxide doped with z rconium in solid solution.
• the dispersion produced was then subjected to centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes.
• the centrifugation pellet was collected and then dried, leaving it in the open air at 25 ° C for 16 hours.
• the solid obtained was then placed in an oven at 80 ° C for 8 hours.
• the solid was then gradually brought to 400 ° C, at the rate of a temperature rise of 1 ° C per minute.
• the solid was then left at 400 ° C for 6 hours, then the temperature was allowed to gradually decrease to 25 ° C.
• the specific surface of the product obtained was measured equal to 236 m 2 / g, with a porous distribution centered on 4 to 5 nm.
• Example 3 Preparation of a mesostructured material integrating, within a mineral silica-binding matrix, nanometric particles of cerium oxide doped with lanthanum in solid solution.
• the dispersion produced was then subjected to centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes.
• the centrifugation pellet was collected and then dried, leaving it in the open air at 25 ° C for 16 hours.
• the solid obtained was then placed in an oven at 80 ° C for 8 hours.
• the solid was then gradually brought to 400 ° C, at the rate of a temperature rise of 1 ° C per minute. We then left the solid at 400 ° C for 6 hours, then the temperature was allowed to gradually decrease to 25 ° C.
• the heat treatment impregnation operation was repeated once on the solid obtained (immersion in 50 ml of a lanthanum nitrate solution at 0.25 mol / L in lanthanum, stirring for one hour, centrifugation at 4500 revolutions by minute for 15 minutes, drying for 16 hours at 25 ° C, 8 hours oven at 80 ° C, gradual rise in temperature (1 ° C per minute) up to 400 ° C, holding at 400 ° c for 6 hours and slowly decreasing temperature).
• X-ray fluorescence analysis the following molar proportions of the Ce, Si and Zr cations are determined within the material obtained following these various steps:
• the specific surface of the product obtained was measured equal to 275 m 2 / g, with a porous distribution centered on 4 to 5 nm.
• Example 4 Preparation of a mesostructured material integrating, within a mineral matrix binding silica, nanometric particles of cerium oxide doped with lanthanum in solid solution.
• Example 1 of Example 1 in 50 ml of a lanthanum nitrate solution at 1.5 mol / L in lanthanum. This medium was placed under stirring for one hour at 25 ° C.
• the dispersion produced was then subjected to centrifugation at 4500 rpm for 15 minutes.
• the centrifugation pellet was collected and then dried, leaving it in the open air at 25 ° C for 16 hours.
• the solid obtained was then placed in an oven at 80 ° C for 8 hours.
• the solid was then gradually brought to 400 ° C, at the rate of a temperature rise of 1 ° C per minute.
• the solid was then left at 400 ° C for 6 hours, then the temperature was allowed to gradually decrease to 25 ° C.

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