Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
  • B01F23/12—Mixing gases with gases with vaporisation of a liquid
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
  • B01F23/19—Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Arrangements, e.g. comprising controlling means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
  • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
  • B01F23/21—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media
  • B01F23/213—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids
  • B01F23/2132—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing liquids into gaseous media by spraying or atomising of the liquids using nozzles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
  • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
  • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
  • B01F25/313—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit
  • B01F25/3131—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced in the centre of the conduit with additional mixing means other than injector mixers, e.g. screens, baffles or rotating elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
  • B01F25/40—Static mixers
  • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
  • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
  • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
  • B01F25/4318—Ring-shaped blades or strips
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/712—Feed mechanisms for feeding fluids
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
  • B01F35/7174—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using pistons, plungers or syringes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
  • B01F35/71745—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using pneumatic pressure, overpressure, gas or air pressure in a closed receptacle or circuit system
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
  • B01F35/71805—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
  • B01F35/7181—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using fans or turbines
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
  • B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
  • B01F35/7547—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using valves, gates, orifices or openings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/80—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed
  • B01F35/83—Forming a predetermined ratio of the substances to be mixed by controlling the ratio of two or more flows, e.g. using flow sensing or flow controlling devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/90—Heating or cooling systems
  • B01F2035/99—Heating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
  • B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
  • B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
  • B01F35/717—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer
  • B01F35/7179—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using sprayers, nozzles or jets
  • B01F35/71791—Feed mechanisms characterised by the means for feeding the components to the mixer using sprayers, nozzles or jets using ink jet heads or cartridges, e.g. of the thermal bubble jet or piezoelectric type
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/0318—Processes
  • Y10T137/0324—With control of flow by a condition or characteristic of a fluid
  • Y10T137/0329—Mixing of plural fluids of diverse characteristics or conditions

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a gas mixing process.
• the invention also relates to a gas mixing device.
• the invention relates in particular to a method and a device making it possible to dilute a gas in another gas under dynamic regime, in particular at very low concentrations.
• the invention makes it possible to artificially recreate atmospheres containing a particular compound at a defined concentration, such as a pollutant and finds its application, inter alia, in the calibration of gas sensors, the calibration of gas concentration measuring devices , involving the drawing of calibration curves, quantification from preconcentration systems, etc.
• the technical field of the invention can be defined as that of the mixture of gases and, more particularly, that of the dilution of one gas in another, such as air.
• Gas dilution devices can be classified into two categories: on the one hand, static or closed systems and, on the other, dynamic systems.
• This method and this device must, moreover, be simple to implement, operate in a perfectly reproducible manner, with high reliability and great stability, whatever the gases used.
• the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method and a device, which meet, among other things, these needs and which meet these requirements.
• the object of the present invention is also to provide a method and a device for mixing gases, which solve the problems of the methods and devices of the prior art, whether these are static type methods and devices or methods and dynamic type devices.
• said first gas is chosen from air, nitrogen, argon, helium and their mixtures.
• the preferred gas is air.
• said second gas comes from the vaporization of a liquid compound (under ordinary conditions of temperature and pressure), preferably a compound chosen from liquid organic compounds and their mixtures.
• Said second gas is advantageously a compound chosen from compounds that pollute atmospheric air and their mixtures. This compound can be found under ordinary conditions, in the liquid state or in the gaseous state.
• These polluting compounds are generally chosen from volatile organic compounds, for example alcohols, such as n-butanol or others.
• a fraction of the homogeneous mixture of the two gases is taken and it is sent to a measuring and / or detection and / or concentration device.
• the method according to the invention makes it possible to artificially recreate a homogeneous gas mixture, such as, for example, a polluted atmosphere under dynamic conditions.
• the process according to the invention as well as the device which is also the subject of the present invention, owing to the fact that they operate in dynamic regime, basically have the advantages associated with the processes and apparatuses operating according to this principle: namely, before all, limiting the problems associated with product deposits on the walls.
• the method and the device according to the invention while having all the advantages of dynamic systems, do not however have the disadvantages. Indeed, they are not based on statistical considerations, and, in particular because of the absence of a permeation membrane, they are simple, reliable, easy to use, and ensure the preparation of homogeneous mixtures, at precise concentrations, reproducibly and with great stability.
• both the flow rate of the first gas such as air and of the second gas
• the first gas such as air and of the second gas
• the extremely precise knowledge of the two flow rates, of the first and of the second gas makes it possible, with great precision, to calculate the theoretical concentration of the second gas in the first gas, for example the concentration of the pollutant (s) in the air .
• the invention further relates to a device for dynamically mixing a second gas in a first gas, said device comprising a substantially tubular mixing enclosure, a first inlet orifice for a stream of the first gas at one end. from said enclosure, a second inlet orifice for a current of the second gas situated downstream of said first orifice in the direction of flow of the current of the first gas, means for homogeneous mixing of said currents of the first and second gas situated downstream of said second inlet orifice, a mixture outlet orifice situated downstream of said mixing means, at the other end of said enclosure, and an orifice for withdrawing said mixture of the first and second gases situated between said mixing means and said mixture outlet means, said device further comprising means for sending a controlled flow of the current of the first gas into said enclosure and means for sending a controlled flow of the current of the second gas into said enclosure.
• the single figure is a schematic sectional view of a device according to l invention.
• the single figure shows a device according to the invention which comprises a mixing enclosure (1), generally of substantially tubular shape with a first (2) and a second (3) ends.
• the enclosure inside which circulates, first of all, a gas (4), such as air, then the mixture of the two gases, is made, for example, of a metal, such as l stainless steel, and must be able to be brought to a sufficiently high temperature, for example 200 ° C., to be able to desorb the product (s) accumulated on the walls, if necessary.
• the enclosure is generally provided with heating means (not shown), which can be, for example, constituted by a heating resistor wound around the tubular enclosure (1).
• the first end (2) of the tubular enclosure, or upper end in the present case, forms an inlet orifice for a stream (4) of the first gas.
• This first gas is, for example, air, and is sent inside the column by a fan (5).
• the fan (5) can be replaced by any suitable device for sending a controlled flow of the current of the first gas into said enclosure.
• container such as a bottle of the first gas, such as artificial compressed air, connected to the first inlet port via a flow meter.
• the flow rate of the first gas such as air
• a device such as an anemometric probe.
• a current of a second gas is injected, via an inlet orifice (6) located on the side wall (7) of the enclosure, downstream below the upper end (2) forming the inlet opening for the current of the first gas.
• the second gas is in fact generally constituted by the vapor of a product initially in the liquid state.
• the latter is injected using a suitable device, which constitutes the means according to the invention for sending, injecting, a controlled flow of the current of the second gas into the enclosure.
• This device is, in the single figure, shown in the form of a syringe (8) fitted with a precision syringe pump (9), of the type used in the medical field for dialysis, for example.
• the means for sending a controlled flow of the current of the second gas inside the enclosure could, for example, be constituted by an inkjet printer cartridge filled with the desired product.
• the product initially in the liquid state, is generally an organic compound chosen from volatile organic compounds or a mixture of these.
• This product is generally a product which can be described as “pollutant”, in particular as an air pollutant, generally chosen from volatile organic compounds or a mixture of these. If the product injected • is a mixture of several compounds, these are in known, fixed concentrations.
• the liquid product placed inside the syringe (8) is injected with a controlled flow rate, of the order of nl / min., For example in a stream of the first gas, such as air , which also has a known speed.
• the flow rate of the first gas, such as air can be, for example, of the order of m 3 / min.
• means Downstream from the point of injection of the second gas stream, means are provided for mixing (10) gas streams to obtain a homogeneous mixture of these first and second gases, for example air and pollutant before the outlet. direct debit.
• the mixing means (10) are constituted by one or more mixer (s) Static (s), such as packing rings, such as packing rings RAFLUX ® stainless steel - marketed by the Company RAUSCHERT ® , but other types of mixers can be envisaged, for example one or more dynamic mixer (s), such as one or more fan (s). Downstream of the mixer (s), for example of the static mixer (s), there is provided a sampling orifice (11), located in the single figure, on the side wall (7) of the enclosure for withdrawing , continuously or discontinuously, a determined volume of the homogeneous gas mixture.
• Static such as packing rings, such as packing rings RAFLUX ® stainless steel - marketed by the Company RAUSCHERT ®
• dynamic mixer such as one or more fan (s).
• a sampling orifice (11) located in the single figure, on the side wall (7) of the enclosure for withdrawing , continuously or discontinuously, a determined volume of the homogeneous gas mixture.
• the orifice is provided with a stainless steel tube bent towards the outlet of the device situated at the end of the tubular enclosure (3), the orifice has a diameter, for example of approximately 3.2 mm (1 / 8 inch).
• This homogeneous gas mixture contains an extremely precise concentration of the second gas in the first gas, for example of the pollutant (s) in the air.
• the device according to the invention makes it possible to prepare mixtures with a wide range of concentration.
• concentrations of the second gas' in the first gas for example -of the pollutant (s) in the air, in a range from ppmV (10 ⁇ 6 ) to the pptV (10 ⁇ 12 ) and always with perfect stability and very good reproducibility.
• the rest (12) of the stream of the homogeneous gas mixture is discharged through a discharge orifice situated at the end of the tubular enclosure (3): here, at the lower end.
• the flow rate of the gas stream which is essentially constituted by the first gas, such as air is measured by suitable measuring means, such as air data probe (13) connected to a type of display device "TESTO 435 ®" (14). Measuring the output flow rate, preferably continuously, makes it possible to precisely adjust the flow rate of the current of the first gas at the inlet of the enclosure at any time.
• the sampling port is connected, for example, to a gas concentration measuring device (not shown) (i.e. the second gas in the first gas, i.e., for example, the pollutant (s) in air), to a gas sensor, to a preconcentration device, because the gas mixture, which leaves the sampling orifice, has an extremely precise concentration of second gas (for example, in polluting) and that this concentration can be varied easily and precisely over a wide range.
• a gas concentration measuring device i.e. the second gas in the first gas, i.e., for example, the pollutant (s) in air
• the device according to the invention can be connected directly or by means of a preconcentration system, to a device constituted by the coupling of a microchromatograph and a mass spectrometer ( ⁇ GC / MS).
• a device substantially similar to that described in the single figure is used, in which the devices used are the following: syringe pump: supplied by the company HARVARD APPARATUS; syringe: 10 L volume, supplied by HARVARD APPARATUS; fan: this is a duct extractor, supplied by S & P.
• the system is configured, so that the delivered flow can be adjusted between 10 and 70 m 3 / h approximately.
• the first results were obtained, using as n-butanol pollutant, density: 0.81 g. cm "3 and molar mass 74.12 g / mol.
• the injection rates obtained with the equipment described above are of the order of a few ⁇ l / min. Or, for example, an injection rate set to 11 ⁇ l / min., The quantity of n-butanol injected is therefore:
• This injected mass represents a volume of vapor at 20 ° C and at atmospheric pressure of:
• the concentration of the pollutant is a function of the surface of the chromatographic peak, obtained from the microcatharometer detector which composes the coupling. This device makes it possible to conduct an analysis every 2 min. approximately and different variation curves could thus be plotted for n-butanol.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
• Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
• Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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• 2002
  • 2002-02-01 FR FR0201207A patent/FR2835443B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2003
  • 2003-01-20 CA CA 2442735 patent/CA2442735A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2003-01-20 EP EP03734741A patent/EP1483043A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2003-01-20 WO PCT/FR2003/000282 patent/WO2003064016A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2003-01-20 JP JP2003563697A patent/JP2005515882A/ja active Pending
  • 2003-01-20 IL IL158039A patent/IL158039A/en active IP Right Grant
  • 2003-01-20 US US10/473,694 patent/US20040240312A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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