EP1512906A1 - Générateur de vapeur de construction horizontale à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique - Google Patents

Générateur de vapeur de construction horizontale à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1512906A1
EP1512906A1 EP03020022A EP03020022A EP1512906A1 EP 1512906 A1 EP1512906 A1 EP 1512906A1 EP 03020022 A EP03020022 A EP 03020022A EP 03020022 A EP03020022 A EP 03020022A EP 1512906 A1 EP1512906 A1 EP 1512906A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
steam generator
flow
evaporator
heating
flow medium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03020022A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Dr. Franke
Rudolf Kral
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP03020022A priority Critical patent/EP1512906A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2004/008644 priority patent/WO2005028956A1/fr
Priority to AU2004274585A priority patent/AU2004274585B2/en
Priority to RU2006110528/06A priority patent/RU2351844C2/ru
Priority to US10/570,652 priority patent/US7406928B2/en
Priority to JP2006525646A priority patent/JP4489775B2/ja
Priority to CNB2004800268289A priority patent/CN100420899C/zh
Priority to BRPI0413203-3A priority patent/BRPI0413203A/pt
Priority to UAA200602258A priority patent/UA87279C2/ru
Priority to EP04763713A priority patent/EP1660813A1/fr
Priority to CA2537466A priority patent/CA2537466C/fr
Priority to TW093125335A priority patent/TWI267610B/zh
Publication of EP1512906A1 publication Critical patent/EP1512906A1/fr
Priority to ZA200601456A priority patent/ZA200601456B/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
    • F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
    • F22B1/1807—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines
    • F22B1/1815—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines using the exhaust gases of combustion engines using the exhaust gases of gas-turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a continuous steam generator, wherein in one in an approximately horizontal heating gas direction fürströmbarem Schukanal an evaporator fürlauf carving Structure is arranged, which a number of to flow through a flow medium connected in parallel steam generator tubes includes.
  • a gas and steam turbine plant In a gas and steam turbine plant is in the relaxed Working fluid or fuel gas contained in the gas turbine Heat used to generate steam for the steam turbine.
  • the heat transfer takes place in one of the gas turbine downstream Heat recovery steam generator, in which usually a Number of heating surfaces for water pre-heating, for steam generation and are arranged for steam overheating.
  • the heating surfaces are connected in the water-steam cycle of the steam turbine.
  • the water-steam cycle usually includes several, z. B. three, pressure levels, each pressure level one Evaporator can have.
  • a continuous steam generator In contrast to a natural or forced circulation steam generator, a continuous steam generator is not subject to any pressure limitation, so that fresh steam pressures are possible far above the critical pressure of water (P Kri ⁇ 221 bar) - where there are only slight differences in density between liquid-like and vapor-like medium.
  • a high live steam pressure promotes a high thermal efficiency and thus low CO 2 emissions of a fossil-fired power plant.
  • a continuous steam generator in comparison to a circulating steam generator a simple construction and is thus produced with very little effort.
  • the use of a designed according to the flow principle steam generator as heat recovery steam generator of a gas and steam turbine plant is therefore particularly favorable to achieve a high overall efficiency of the gas and steam turbine plant with a simple design.
  • a steam generator which is suitable for a design in horizontal construction and also having the said advantages of a continuous steam generator.
  • the known steam generator in terms of his Evaporator fürlaufterrorism relationship designed such that a compared to another steam generator tube of the same Evaporator continuous heating surface more heated steam generator tube a higher compared to the other steam generator tube Having flow rate of the flow medium.
  • the evaporator continuous heating surface the known steam generator thus shows in the nature of the flow characteristic of a natural circulation evaporator heating surface (Natural circulation characteristic) when occurring different heating of individual steam generator tubes a self-stabilizing behavior without the requirement external influence to an alignment of the exit side Temperatures also at differently heated, flow medium side connected in parallel steam generator tubes leads.
  • this design concept requires that the well-known steam generator for a feed with flow medium provided with comparatively low mass flow density is.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a continuous steam generator of the above mentioned type, too at a Feeding with flow medium with comparatively large mass flow densities a particularly high operational Security guaranteed. Furthermore, a particularly suitable Method for operating the steam generator of the above be specified type mentioned.
  • Counterflow to the Schutal flow-through Walker michunsegment includes, the flow-medium-side outlet in Seen heating gas direction is positioned so that the in the operating case at the outlet of the evaporator fürlaufterrorism construction adjusting, pressure-dependent saturated steam temperature by less than a given maximum deviation from the Operating case at the position of the exit of the Schuvicsegments deviates from the prevailing heating gas temperature.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that in the Feeding the evaporator fürlaufsammlung-3 with comparatively large mass flow densities a locally different Heating individual pipes, the flow conditions such could affect that of less heated and more heated pipes less heated pipes flowed through by more flow medium become. More heated pipes would be worse in this case cooled as underheated pipes, so that the occurring Temperature differences would be amplified automatically. To this Fall even without active influence on the flow conditions To be able to respond effectively, the system should be for a fundamental and global limitation of possible temperature differences be designed suitable. This is the knowledge usable, that at the exit from the evaporator fürlaufsammlungncing the flow medium at least substantially saturated steam temperature given by the pressure in the steam generator tube must have.
  • the positioning of the exit is the Evaporator continuous heating surface in relation to the temperature profile of the heating gas in the throttle cable selected such that a maximum deviation is maintained at about 50 ° C, so in terms of on available materials and other design parameters ensures a particularly high level of operational safety is.
  • the heating surface for the implementation from all process sections of the complete evaporation, So from preheating, evaporation and at least partial overheating, in a single stage, so without intermediate components to collect and / or distributing the flow medium, suitably formed.
  • the heating surface for the implementation from all process sections of the complete evaporation, So from preheating, evaporation and at least partial overheating, in a single stage, so without intermediate components to collect and / or distributing the flow medium, suitably formed.
  • the steam generator tubes includes a number of the steam generator tubes in each case a plurality of flow medium side alternately cascaded riser pipe sections and downpipes.
  • the flow medium side is advantageously Entry of the evaporator continuous heating surface designed as a riser pipe and so close to the hot gas side Inlet of the evaporator continuous heating surface arranged, that during operation, the steam generator tubes flowing through Flow medium at the inlet of the first downcomer piece a flow rate of more than a predetermined one Minimum speed has.
  • the first riser and downcomer pieces preferably form a further heating surface segment arranged in DC circuit, also referred to below as DC segment, which is advantageously arranged in countercurrent circuit Schuvinsegment, in the following also countercurrent segment called upstream flow medium side is connected.
  • the steam generator is used as a heat recovery steam generator a gas and steam turbine plant used.
  • the steam generator advantageously loomgas briefly one Gas turbine downstream.
  • this circuit may suitably behind the gas turbine an additional firing to increase be arranged the heating gas temperature.
  • the stated object is achieved by the flow medium in Schugasraum seen at a Position removed from the evaporator fürlaufsammlung Structure at which the heating gas temperature prevailing during operation less than a given maximum deviation from the during operation due to the pressure loss in the evaporator continuous heating surface adjusting saturated steam temperature differs.
  • the flow medium before its exit from the evaporator fürlauf redesign in countercurrent led to the fuel gas with additional or alternative advantageous embodiment, a maximum deviation of about 50 ° C is specified.
  • the flow medium is advantageously already at or immediately after entering the Evaporator continuous heating surface of such a strong heating exposed to it in a first downer of the respective steam generator tube a flow velocity of more than a predetermined minimum speed.
  • the minimum speed is for taking along generated in the respective first downpipe piece Steam bubbles required flow rate specified.
  • the feeding of the evaporator fürlaufsammlung construction takes place thus such that the comparatively high flow rate already in the first downflowed steam generator tube the desired deadweight on the possibly causes existing vapor bubbles. flow instabilities due to a movement of rising vapor bubbles contrary to the flow direction of the flow medium can thus safely avoided.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are in particular in that by the now provided, to the temperature profile the heating gas in the throttle cable adapted positioning the flow-medium-side outlet of the evaporator fürlaufterrorism simulation the total in the evaporation of the flow medium Achievable temperature interval between saturated steam temperature of the flow medium and heating gas temperature the exit point is narrowed comparatively narrow, so that regardless of the flow conditions only small outlet-side temperature differences are possible. Thereby can be a sufficient approximation of the temperatures of the flow medium be ensured in any operating condition. In addition, however, it is also ensured that the possible Exit temperatures limited in their absolute height are, so that given by the material properties permissible limit temperatures remain safely below.
  • FIG shows simplified in Representation in longitudinal section a continuous steam generator in lying construction.
  • the continuous steam generator 1 according to the FIG is in the manner of a Heat recovery steam generator of a not shown Gas turbine downstream on the exhaust side.
  • the continuous steam generator 1 has a surrounding wall 2, the one in a approximately horizontal, indicated by the arrows 4
  • In the heating gas channel 6 is one each Number of heating surfaces designed according to the flow principle, Also referred to as evaporator fürlauf costumes configuration 8, arranged.
  • evaporator fürlauf costumes arranged in the embodiment according to the FIG is only an evaporator pass-through heating surface 8 is shown, but it can also a larger number of evaporator fürlauf redesign be provided.
  • the evaporator through-flow 8 formed evaporator system is acted upon by flow medium W, the with a single pass through the evaporator fürlaufsammlung Structure Evaporates 8 and after exiting the evaporator fürlaufsammlung Structure 8 discharged as vapor D and usually superheater heating surfaces supplied for further overheating becomes.
  • the formed from the evaporator fürlaufsammlung construction 8 Evaporator system is in the water-steam cycle, not shown a steam turbine switched.
  • the evaporator system are in the water-steam cycle of the Steam turbine a number of others, not closer in the FIG switched shown heating surfaces. At the heating surfaces These may be, for example, superheaters, medium-pressure evaporators, Low pressure evaporator and / or act to preheater.
  • the evaporator passage heating surface 8 of the continuous steam generator 1 Comprises in the manner of a tube bundle Plural of parallel to the flow of the flow medium W switched steam generator tubes 12. It is in each case a plurality of steam generator tubes 12 in Schugasraum x seen side by side. It is only each one of the juxtaposed steam generator tubes 12th visible, noticeable.
  • the steam generator pipes arranged next to each other 12 is flow side before its entry 13th in the heating gas 6 each have a common inlet collector 14 before and after their exit 16 from the Schugaskanal. 6 a common outlet header 18 downstream.
  • the Steam generator tubes 12 include a number of the flow medium W in upwardly flowed through riser pieces 20 and downflow through downpipes 22, in each case by flowed through in a horizontal direction overflow 24 are interconnected.
  • the continuous steam generator 1 is for a particularly high operational Security and consistent suppression of Also referred to as temperature imbalance significant temperature differences at the exit 16 between adjacent ones Steam generator tubes 12 even with a feed with comparatively designed high mass flow densities.
  • a Number of each interconnected by overflow 24 Riser pipe pieces 20 and downpipe pieces 22 form
  • another, in DC to Walkergasraum x switched Schuvicsegment 28 which is the Schumatisegment 26 is connected upstream. Through this circuit is the positioning the outlet 16 seen in Bankgasraum x selectable. This positioning is in the continuous steam generator.
  • An arrangement of downwardly flowed pipe sections as the downcomers 22 within the Schugaskanals 6th is basically only possible if by appropriate measures the stability of the flow within the steam generator tubes 12 is ensured.
  • a heating from downwards namely, through-flow pipe sections can generally for the formation of vapor bubbles in the flow medium W lead, if, due to their low specific Weight against the flow direction of the flow medium W rise, the stability of the flow and thus the operational Safety of the continuous steam generator 1 impair could.
  • the steam generator tubes 12 each comprise a plurality of flow medium side alternately connected in series Riser pipe pieces 20 and downcomers 22 which within the Schugaskanals 6 laid, so a heating by the fuel gas are exposed.
  • the inlet 13 is at the gas inlet of the evaporator fürlaufsammlung design 8, ie in Walkergasraum x far ahead in the heating gas channel 6, arranged.
  • the arrangement of the entrance 13 in the region of the Schugaskanals 6, in which the Heating gas has the highest temperature is a very fast Heating and thus evaporation of the flow medium W achieved in the steam generator tubes 12. Because the flow velocity a water-steam mixture at the same Mass flow rate is higher, the greater the vapor content and thus the specific volume of the mixture is reached the flow medium W in this arrangement of the inlet collector 14 comparatively fast a high flow velocity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
EP03020022A 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur de construction horizontale à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique Withdrawn EP1512906A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (13)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03020022A EP1512906A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur de construction horizontale à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique
BRPI0413203-3A BRPI0413203A (pt) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 gerador de vapor contìnuo em construção horizontal e processo para operação do gerador de vapor contìnuo
UAA200602258A UA87279C2 (ru) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Прямоточный парогенератор горизонтального типа конструкции и способ для эксплуатации прямоточного парогенератора
RU2006110528/06A RU2351844C2 (ru) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Прямоточный парогенератор горизонтального типа конструкции и способ эксплуатации прямоточного парогенератора
US10/570,652 US7406928B2 (en) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Horizontally constructed continuous steam generator and method for the operation thereof
JP2006525646A JP4489775B2 (ja) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 横形貫流ボイラとその運転方法
CNB2004800268289A CN100420899C (zh) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 按卧式结构设计的直流式蒸汽发生器及其运行方法
PCT/EP2004/008644 WO2005028956A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Generateur de vapeur en continu, a configuration horizontale, et procede permettant de faire fonctionner ce generateur
AU2004274585A AU2004274585B2 (en) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Horizontally constructed continuous steam generator and method for the operation thereof
EP04763713A EP1660813A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Generateur de vapeur en continu, a configuration horizontale, et procede permettant de faire fonctionner ce generateur
CA2537466A CA2537466C (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Generateur de vapeur en continu, a configuration horizontale, et procede permettant de faire fonctionner ce generateur
TW093125335A TWI267610B (en) 2003-09-03 2004-08-23 Continuous-flow steam generator in horizontal construction and its operation method
ZA200601456A ZA200601456B (en) 2003-09-03 2006-02-20 Horizontally constructed continuous steam generator and method for the operation thereof

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03020022A EP1512906A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur de construction horizontale à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1512906A1 true EP1512906A1 (fr) 2005-03-09

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ID=34130123

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03020022A Withdrawn EP1512906A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2003-09-03 Générateur de vapeur de construction horizontale à passage unique et méthode pour faire fonctionner ledit générateur de vapeur à passage unique
EP04763713A Withdrawn EP1660813A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Generateur de vapeur en continu, a configuration horizontale, et procede permettant de faire fonctionner ce generateur

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04763713A Withdrawn EP1660813A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-08-02 Generateur de vapeur en continu, a configuration horizontale, et procede permettant de faire fonctionner ce generateur

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US7406928B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1512906A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4489775B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100420899C (fr)
AU (1) AU2004274585B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0413203A (fr)
CA (1) CA2537466C (fr)
RU (1) RU2351844C2 (fr)
TW (1) TWI267610B (fr)
UA (1) UA87279C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005028956A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200601456B (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2065641A3 (fr) * 2007-11-28 2010-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur en flux continu, ainsi que générateur de vapeur en flux à sens unique
EP2194320A1 (fr) * 2008-06-12 2010-06-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fonctionnement d'un générateur de vapeur à passage unique et générateur de vapeur à passage unique
DE102009012321A1 (de) * 2009-03-09 2010-09-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Durchlaufverdampfer
IT1395108B1 (it) 2009-07-28 2012-09-05 Itea Spa Caldaia
IT1397145B1 (it) * 2009-11-30 2013-01-04 Nuovo Pignone Spa Sistema evaporatore diretto e metodo per sistemi a ciclo rankine organico.
EP2944873B1 (fr) * 2013-01-10 2017-12-20 Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. Dispositif de cycle de rankine, et système de cogénération
EP2770171A1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2014-08-27 Alstom Technology Ltd Procédé permettant de fournir une réponse de fréquence pour une centrale électrique à cycle combiné
CN114804257B (zh) * 2022-02-07 2025-04-25 许戈红 一种黑液波节管超效蒸发装置及工艺

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0794320A1 (fr) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-10 Österreichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé pour la production d'énergie
DE19700350A1 (de) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-16 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit einem Gaszug zum Anschließen an eine Heißgas abgebende Vorrichtung
US6019070A (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-02-01 Duffy; Thomas E. Circuit assembly for once-through steam generators
US6092490A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-07-25 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat recovery steam generator
DE10127830A1 (de) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-12 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger

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DE1286048B (de) * 1964-09-28 1969-01-02 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Zwanglaufdampferzeuger
JPS6017967B2 (ja) * 1978-01-18 1985-05-08 株式会社日立製作所 排熱回収ボイラ装置
JPH0718525B2 (ja) * 1987-05-06 1995-03-06 株式会社日立製作所 排ガスボイラ
SU1740857A1 (ru) * 1989-05-29 1992-06-15 Ивановский энергетический институт им.В.И.Ленина Котел-утилизатор дл парогазовых установок
EP0425717B1 (fr) * 1989-10-30 1995-05-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur à passage unique
DE4303613C2 (de) * 1993-02-09 1998-12-17 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Dampf in einem Zwangsdurchlaufdampferzeuger
US5924389A (en) * 1998-04-03 1999-07-20 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat recovery steam generator
US6557500B1 (en) * 2001-12-05 2003-05-06 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Evaporator and evaporative process for generating saturated steam
US6508206B1 (en) * 2002-01-17 2003-01-21 Nooter/Eriksen, Inc. Feed water heater
EP1443268A1 (fr) * 2003-01-31 2004-08-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Générateur de vapeur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0794320A1 (fr) * 1996-03-08 1997-09-10 Österreichische Elektrizitätswirtschafts-Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé pour la production d'énergie
DE19700350A1 (de) * 1997-01-08 1998-07-16 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Durchlaufdampferzeuger mit einem Gaszug zum Anschließen an eine Heißgas abgebende Vorrichtung
US6092490A (en) * 1998-04-03 2000-07-25 Combustion Engineering, Inc. Heat recovery steam generator
US6019070A (en) * 1998-12-03 2000-02-01 Duffy; Thomas E. Circuit assembly for once-through steam generators
DE10127830A1 (de) * 2001-06-08 2002-12-12 Siemens Ag Dampferzeuger

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Title
WAMBEKE S ET AL: "SHORTCUT METHODS FOR MEASURING HRSG PERFORMANCE", POWER, MCGRAW-HILL INC. NEW YORK, US, VOL. 145, NR. 1, PAGE(S) 56-58, ISSN: 0032-5929, XP001001066 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA2537466A1 (fr) 2005-03-31
CA2537466C (fr) 2012-10-02
JP2007504431A (ja) 2007-03-01
UA87279C2 (ru) 2009-07-10
CN100420899C (zh) 2008-09-24
BRPI0413203A (pt) 2006-10-03
RU2006110528A (ru) 2007-10-10
AU2004274585B2 (en) 2009-05-14
AU2004274585A1 (en) 2005-03-31
CN1853071A (zh) 2006-10-25
US20060288962A1 (en) 2006-12-28
JP4489775B2 (ja) 2010-06-23
ZA200601456B (en) 2007-04-25
WO2005028956A1 (fr) 2005-03-31
RU2351844C2 (ru) 2009-04-10
TW200523505A (en) 2005-07-16
TWI267610B (en) 2006-12-01
EP1660813A1 (fr) 2006-05-31
US7406928B2 (en) 2008-08-05

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