EP1513625B1 - Procede et dispositif de traitement de la surface exterieure d'un fil metallique, notamment en tant que pretraitement de revetement - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif de traitement de la surface exterieure d'un fil metallique, notamment en tant que pretraitement de revetement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1513625B1
EP1513625B1 EP03729921A EP03729921A EP1513625B1 EP 1513625 B1 EP1513625 B1 EP 1513625B1 EP 03729921 A EP03729921 A EP 03729921A EP 03729921 A EP03729921 A EP 03729921A EP 1513625 B1 EP1513625 B1 EP 1513625B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal wire
electrodes
electrode
dielectric
high voltage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03729921A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1513625A2 (fr
Inventor
Wolfgang Viöl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fachhochschule Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen
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Fachhochschule Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10219197A external-priority patent/DE10219197C1/de
Application filed by Fachhochschule Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen filed Critical Fachhochschule Hildesheim Holzminden Gottingen
Publication of EP1513625A2 publication Critical patent/EP1513625A2/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C43/00—Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
    • C23G5/00—Cleaning or de-greasing metallic material by other methods; Apparatus for cleaning or de-greasing metallic material with organic solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/2406—Generating plasma using dielectric barrier discharges, i.e. with a dielectric interposed between the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods for the treatment of the outer surface of a metal wire with sheath according to the preamble of patent claim 1 and to an apparatus for carrying out such methods with the features of the preamble of claim 8.
  • Metal wires of defined diameter are made by drawing. In this process, lubricants are used which are found on the surface of the finished metal wires. If a drawn metal wire, for example, to be coated with other metals or plastics, it must first be freed from the lubricant residues. This is done in today's practice in alkaline baths. The renewal and disposal of these alkaline baths is costly. In addition, they represent a considerable expenditure on equipment.
  • the known method and related to its implementation device are less suitable because of their geometry.
  • these lubricant residues must first be removed. This can not readily be achieved by simply sweeping over the surface of the metal wire with the bundled beam of reactive medium produced in the known method.
  • a method for the plasma treatment of rod or thread-like materials in which the respective material passes coaxially through a plasma nozzle.
  • the plasma nozzle has a nozzle tube forming an outer electrode and an inner electrode disposed coaxially in the nozzle tube.
  • the rod or thread-like material is introduced into the interior of the plasma nozzle.
  • the channel in the inner electrode is lined with a guide tube for the rod or thread-like material made of electrically insulating material.
  • This known method should also be suitable for the plasma treatment of wires.
  • the plasma nozzle In wires of conductive material, ie in particular in metal wires, but the plasma nozzle would be shorted by the coaxially passing rod or filamentary material between the inner electrode and the outer electrode, so that no more plasma discharge occurred.
  • the applied voltage between the outer electrode and the inner electrode for inducing the plasma discharge is a high-frequency alternating high voltage, in which a local insulation of the rod or filamentary material in the region of the inner electrode through the guide tube is not sufficient to a through To prevent a metal wire impending short circuit between the inner electrode and the outer electrode.
  • JP 11222530 A A method for treating the outer surface of a fluorine resin coated metal wire having the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding apparatus having the features of the preamble of claim 8 are known from JP 11222530 A known.
  • An electrode is wound spirally on a tube of dielectric. Due to the free cross-section of the tube, the metal wire is guided on the tube axis in one direction and an inert atmospheric gas is passed through the tube in the opposite direction. The oxygen concentration of this gas is lowered to 500 ppm or less.
  • a dielectrically impeded discharge is caused between the metal wire grounded as the counter electrode and as such and the dielectric shielding of the electrode to improve the adhesion properties of the fluororesin coating of the metal wire. With the problem of electrically grounding the fluorine resin coated metal wire, the JP 11222530 A not apart.
  • a method for treating a metal wire without sheathing with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a corresponding device with the features of the preamble of claim 8 is known.
  • a plurality of annular electrodes in the direction of the tube axis are arranged one behind the other on a tube of dielectric material, which are connected to different phases of a three-phase high voltage AC generator.
  • the zero phase of this AC high voltage generator is connected to the guided on the tube axis metal wire.
  • the metal wire is not only treated by the discharge between the dielectric shield of the electrodes and its outer surface, but also by the applied AC voltage, which is tuned to its mechanical resonance frequency, intentionally vibrated to shake off coarse contaminants of the metal wire.
  • the suitable frequencies of the alternating high voltages to be applied to the electrodes with the alternating high voltage generator are rather below the usual frequency range for exciting a dielectrically impeded discharge.
  • problems in the electrical contacting of the metal wire with the zero phase of the AC high voltage generator is the SU 1362526 A1 not apart.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and apparatus for treating the surface of a sheathed metal wire, in which problems in connection with an unreliable electrical contacting of the surface of a sheath or contaminants wholly or partially insulated metal wire are avoided.
  • a dielectrically impeded discharge i. H. a gas discharge
  • the dielectrically impeded discharge provides a chemically sufficient environment for the metal wire in the gas space to effectively clean its surface of any lubricant residue within a very short time.
  • there is a surface activation which has the consequence that in a subsequent coating of the wire, the applied layer better adheres to the surface of the metal wire or its sheath.
  • the metal wire or its sheath is heated by the discharge over its surface.
  • a wire for a plastic coating usually not only has to be cleaned of lubricant residues and surface-activated, but also heated to a defined temperature in the order of 250 ° C. All this is achieved in a single step with the new process.
  • Dielectric discharge is also advantageous over an unobstructed discharge used in the prior art methods and apparatuses in that the maximum flowing currents are limited and correspondingly relatively simple AC generators may be used.
  • the dielectric discharge can be carried out at atmospheric pressure.
  • Such a blowing out of reaction products of the lubricant residues can also be ensured by flowing through the gas space with air.
  • the flow of ambient air should be in the opposite direction in order to keep as far as possible the resulting reaction products from the finished metal wire.
  • the AC high voltage to cause the dielectrically impeded discharge should be greater than 1 kV and will typically be a few kV. Their frequency is typically in the range of 20 kHz to 3 MHz.
  • the heating by the discharge in the gas space is often advantageous, as explained above.
  • the side of the electrode and its dielectric shield it makes sense to dissipate accumulating heat energy in order to avoid overheating. This is preferably done by cooling the dielectric shield of the electrode.
  • the gas space in the form of an elongated cylinder, wherein the metal wire is arranged on the cylinder axis.
  • the electrode and its dielectric shield enclose this gas chamber in the shape of a cylinder jacket.
  • the metal wire is continuously conveyed through the gas space.
  • the dielectric discharge may be intensified to place multiple gas spaces one behind the other around the metal wire.
  • These parameters also have an influence on the temperature to which the metal wire is heated by the dielectrically impeded discharge. By tuning the parameters, it is possible to heat the metal wire in the gas space to a defined temperature above 200 ° C.
  • the metal wire serves as a counter electrode to the electrode the dielectric shield, so that the discharge between the shield and the surface of the metal wire or its sheath takes place.
  • the alternating high voltage is generated between two electrodes spaced apart in the longitudinal direction of the metal wire, each with its own dielectric shields.
  • the metal wire connects the regions of the two electrodes with each other, and because of its conductivity, it serves as a counter electrode to both dielectrically shielded electrodes. It can be understood as an intermediate electrode in the middle between the two dielectrically shielded electrodes, on both sides of which gas spaces are formed, in which dielectrically impeded discharges take place.
  • the gas space preferably surrounds the metal wire on all sides.
  • a compressed air source can be provided, which causes an air flow through the gas space.
  • This air flow preferably has the opposite direction of movement of the metal wire through the treatment space.
  • the AC generator is designed for an AC voltage greater than 1 kV and a frequency of 20 kHz to 3 MHz.
  • a cooling device is preferably provided.
  • the shield may be in two parts, wherein a free space between the two parts of the shield is connected to a circulation device for a cooling liquid.
  • This circulation device promotes a cooling fluid through the space between the two parts of the shield.
  • the coolant can be water. To reduce the electrical conductivity of the water, it should be distilled water.
  • the dielectric shield of the electrode may comprise at least one tube.
  • a two-part shield can be formed from two spaced-apart tubes, wherein the distance between the two tubes defines the free space for the coolant.
  • the electrode can also be arranged directly on the inner tube and thus in the cooling liquid, such that only the inner tube forms the dielectric shield of the electrode.
  • the outer tube then not only defines the clearance for the coolant, but also forms an outer insulation for the electrode.
  • a guide device is preferably provided, which guides it on the tube axis. If the metal wire is already aligned in some other defined way, for example by adjacent devices, but no additional guide device is necessary.
  • the gas space through the electrode and its dielectric shield is apparent.
  • the transparency of the shield can be realized that it is made of glass, such as quartz glass. Also, water as a coolant is sufficiently transparent.
  • the transparency of the electrode can be realized by winding the electrode onto its shield in the form of a wire or ribbon with spaced turns.
  • the dielectric shield can of course also be made of a material other than glass.
  • ceramic materials such as, for example, aluminum oxide, which in addition to their dielectric properties are distinguished by a high heat resistance, are suitable.
  • the new device there are provided two electrodes with dielectric shields spaced apart in the direction of elongation of the metal wire, the AC generator generating the alternating high voltage between the two electrodes.
  • the metal wire forms the counter electrode to both electrodes and it does not necessarily have to be earthed. In particular, problems with an unreliable grounding of the metal wire partially insulated on its surface by the lubricant residues can be avoided.
  • the device 10 shown in Fig. 1 is used for the treatment of the surface of a metal wire 3.
  • the metal wire 3 is passed through a glass tube 11 and that in the region of the tube axis. Between the surface of the metal wire 3 and the inner surface of the glass tube 11, a gas space 5 containing air remains. The air may be added to reaction or noble gases, but this is not mandatory.
  • an electrode 4 is arranged made of solid copper, wherein no gaps between the electrode 4 and the glass tube 11 are present. Any originally existing gaps are filled with a dielectric paste.
  • the electrode 4 is provided with an opening 12 in order to be able to see the gas space 5 through the glass tube 11 also in the region of the electrode 12.
  • the electrode 4 is connected via a high voltage supply 1 to an AC generator 6 which is grounded to generate a high AC voltage with respect to the ground.
  • This alternating high voltage in the range of a few kV and with a frequency of typically several 100 kHz is applied to the electrode 4 via the high voltage supply line 1. Since the wire 3 is also earthed here, an alternating electric field acts between it and the electrode 4. This alternating field causes a discharge in the gas space 5. This discharge is dielectrically impeded because the glass tube 11 serves as a dielectric shield 2 of the electrode 4. Through the dielectric Disruption of the discharge in the gas space 5 prevents locally larger currents flow through the gas space 5, ie that there is an arc discharge and thus a short circuit of the electrode 4 to earth.
  • the discharge via the volume of the gas space 5 is stabilized and the AC voltage generator 6 is subject to lower requirements than when occurring arc discharges.
  • the discharge in the gas space 5 provides a reactive environment around the metal wire 3 to remove lubricant residues and the like attached to the surface of the metal wire 3, ie, to substantially oxidize to CO 2 and water.
  • the surface of the metal wire is activated and the metal wire undergoes heating so that it is completely pre-treated for a plastic coating that requires a cleaned and warmed activated surface wire.
  • Fig. 2 shows a side view of the reproduced in Fig. 1 device 10, wherein in addition a compressed air source 13 is indicated, with the compressed air 14 in the gas space 5 is blown to cause an air flow 15 through the gas space 5 therethrough.
  • the air flow 15 is preferably carried out in the opposite direction to a movement of the metal wire 3 through the gas space 5 in the direction of an arrow 16. With the air flow 15 and any oxidation residues from the oxidation of surface contamination of the metal wire 5 or ablated there inert particles are blown out of the glass tube 11 which could otherwise affect a controlled discharge in the gas space 5.
  • the glass tube 11 When testing the device according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the glass tube 11 has an inner diameter of 6 mm. Its length was 400 mm. It stood on both sides by more than 50 mm over the electrode. Using a semiconductor-based AC voltage generator 6 having an efficiency of 90% at a medium-frequency high voltage, the dielectrically impeded discharge at diameters of the metal wire of 0.6 to 1.3 mm could be easily ignited and maintained. The desired cleaning of the surface of the metal wire within a very short time, i. specifically achieved at feed speeds of the metal wire 3 of well over 1 m / s and also up to 5 m / s. The heating was done quickly, which naturally decreased with increasing strength of the metal wire. Subsequent plastic coating of the metal wire so pretreated gave excellent adhesion of the coated plastic.
  • FIG. 3 shows a comparison with FIGS. 1 and 2 thereby modified embodiment, a further glass tube 17 is arranged in the glass tube 11 and that coaxial with the glass tube 11 and the metal wire 3. Between the glass tubes 11 and 17 remains a cylinder jacket-shaped space 18. Through the space 18 circulates a circulation device 19, a cooling liquid 20 to to cool the dielectric shield 2 of the electrode 4. While heating of the metal wire 3 is desired and can be adjusted to a certain extent in a conveyed through the device 10 metal wire 3, ie, is a heating of the dielectric shield 2, here practically from the glass tubes 11 and 17 and the cooling liquid 20 in the free space 18 is undesirable beyond a certain extent. Suitable cooling fluids are, in particular, those which have no appreciable electrical conductivity, such as, for example, distilled water.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the device 10 with two electrodes 4 and one dielectric shield 2 for each electrode 4 each of a glass tube 11.
  • Each of the electrode 12 and dielectric shield 2 units may be formed as shown in Figs , That All variants described in these figures can also be realized here.
  • the device 10 according to FIG. 5 is not restricted to a series connection of two devices 10, as described in the preceding FIGS. Rather, the AC voltage generator 6 according to FIG. 5 is not grounded, but it brings the alternating high voltage between the two electrodes 4 on. In this way, can be dispensed with a grounding of the metal wire 3.
  • the metal wire 3 acts as an intermediate electrode between the two electrodes 4 and is thus a complete counter electrode for the respective discharge in the respective gas space 5, all conceivable metal wires, the AC conductivity is completely sufficient to the distance between the two electrodes 4 in the longitudinal direction of the metal wire 3 to bridge.
  • the metal wire 3 can, of course, be grounded in order to reliably preclude the build-up of charges thereon. This does not preclude the function of the device 10 according to FIG. 5. However, it avoids all problems with imperfect grounding, for example due to the insulating effect of impurities on the surface of the metal wire 3.
  • Fig. 6 shows the device according to Fig. 5 in the treatment of a metal wire 3 provided with a sheath 9. This may serve for the outer surface of the metal wire 3, which is actually the surface of the sheath 9, for printing for example, prepare with a color jet printer, not shown here, so that the color on the outside Surface better and more durable clings.
  • the operation of the device 10 in the treatment of the sheathed metal wire 3 according to FIG. 6 is in principle the same as in the treatment of the non-sheathed metal wire 3 according to FIG. 5. The only difference is that a non-electrically conductive sheath 9 the metal wire 3, ie an insulating layer, acts as an additional dielectric shield 11 of the electrodes 4 with respect to the metal wire 3.
  • All embodiments of the device 10 shown so far advantageously provide an all-round treatment of the outer surface of the metal wire 3 or its sheathing 9.
  • the gas atmosphere in the gas space 5, in which the dielectrically impeded discharge is caused may be simple ambient air.
  • pure oxygen or other reaction gases can be added.
  • noble gases may also be added.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de traitement de la surface extérieure d'un fil métallique (3) muni d'un revêtement non conducteur d'électricité (9), une tension alternative élevée étant appliquée sur une électrode (4) qui est munie d'un blindage diélectrique (2) en direction du fil métallique (3), pour provoquer une décharge empêchée diélectriquement dans un espace gazeux (5) au-dessus de la surface extérieure, caractérisé en ce que la tension alternative élevée est appliquée entre deux électrodes (4) avec des blindages diélectriques (2) écartées l'une de l'autre dans le sens de l'extension longitudinale du fil métallique (3), le fil métallique (3), en raison de sa conductibilité électrique, même sans mise à la terre, servant de contre-électrode aux deux électrodes (4) blindées diélectriquement.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement n'est pas conducteur d'électricité et qu'un blindage diélectrique (2) supplémentaire est prévu avant les électrodes.
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une surpression jusqu'à 2000 hPa est réglée dans l'espace gazeux (5).
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la tension alternative élevée est supérieure à 1 kV et présente une fréquence de 20 kHz à 3 MHz.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le blindage diélectrique (2) des électrodes (4) est refroidi.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le fil métallique (3) dans l'espace gazeux (5) est chauffé à une température définie supérieure à 200°C.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que les blindages diélectriques (2) des électrodes (4) écartées l'une de l'autre dans le sens de développement longitudinal du fil métallique (3) sont séparés.
  8. Dispositif de traitement de la surface extérieure d'un fil métallique muni d'un revêtement non conducteur d'électricité selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, avec une électrode (4), avec un blindage diélectrique (2) pour l'électrode (4) adjacent d'un espace gazeux (5), l'espace gazeux (5) étant placé au-dessus de la surface extérieure du fil métallique (3) à traiter, et avec un générateur de tension alternative (6) qui alimente l'électrode (4) avec une tension alternative élevée, caractérisé en ce que deux électrodes (4) écartées l'une de l'autre dans le sens de l'extension longitudinale du fil métallique (3) sont munies de blindages diélectriques (2) et que le générateur de tension alternative (6) produit la tension alternative élevée entre les deux électrodes (4), le fil métallique (3), en raison de sa conductibilité électrique même, sans mise à la terre, servant de contre-électrode aux deux électrodes (4) blindées diélectriquement.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'une source d'air comprimé (13) est prévue qui provoque un écoulement d'air (15) à travers l'espace gazeux (5), l'écoulement d'air (15) se présentant dans le sens opposé à un mouvement du fil métallique (3) à travers l'espace gazeux (5).
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 et 9, caractérisé en ce que le générateur de tension alternative (6) est conçu pour une tension alternative élevée supérieure à 1 kV et une fréquence de 20 kHz à 3 MHz.
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif de refroidissement pour le blindage diélectrique (2) des électrodes (4) est prévu, le blindage (2) étant en deux parties et un espace libre (18) entre les deux parties du blindage étant raccordé à un dispositif de circulation (19) d'un liquide de refroidissement (20).
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisé en ce que l'espace gazeux (5) est visible à travers les électrodes (4) et leur blindage diélectrique (2).
  13. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (4) écartées l'une de l'autre dans le sens de développement longitudinal du fil métallique (3) présentent des blindages diélectriques (2) séparés.
EP03729921A 2002-04-29 2003-04-04 Procede et dispositif de traitement de la surface exterieure d'un fil metallique, notamment en tant que pretraitement de revetement Expired - Lifetime EP1513625B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10219197A DE10219197C1 (de) 2002-04-29 2002-04-29 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung der Oberflächen eines Metalldrahts, insbesondere als Beschichtungsvorbehandlung
DE10219197 2002-04-29
DE10300471 2003-01-09
DE10300471 2003-01-09
PCT/EP2003/003509 WO2003093526A2 (fr) 2002-04-29 2003-04-04 Procede et dispositif de traitement de la surface exterieure d'un fil metallique, notamment en tant que pretraitement de revetement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1513625A2 EP1513625A2 (fr) 2005-03-16
EP1513625B1 true EP1513625B1 (fr) 2007-07-11

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EP03729921A Expired - Lifetime EP1513625B1 (fr) 2002-04-29 2003-04-04 Procede et dispositif de traitement de la surface exterieure d'un fil metallique, notamment en tant que pretraitement de revetement

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Country Link
US (1) US20050066896A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1513625B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE366624T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2003240447A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50307658D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003093526A2 (fr)

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DE102007024027B4 (de) 2007-05-22 2011-01-05 Fachhochschule Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen - Körperschaft des öffentlichen Rechts - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kombinierten Behandlung einer Oberfläche mit einem Plasma und mit elektromagnetischer Strahlung sowie deren Anwendung
US9788571B2 (en) 2013-09-25 2017-10-17 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Heat generation apparatus for an aerosol-generation system of a smoking article, and associated smoking article
CA2970947C (fr) * 2014-12-17 2023-03-07 Universite Laval Appareil a plasma a decharge a barriere dielectrique et procede de synthese de particules metalliques
US12478112B2 (en) 2018-10-30 2025-11-25 R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company Smoking article cartridge
CN112589008B (zh) * 2020-11-26 2023-03-10 山东鸿昌铁合金有限公司 一种便于脱氧合金化的复合合金铝线加工装置及其使用方法

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ATE366624T1 (de) 2007-08-15
AU2003240447A8 (en) 2003-11-17
AU2003240447A1 (en) 2003-11-17
WO2003093526A3 (fr) 2004-09-02
EP1513625A2 (fr) 2005-03-16
DE50307658D1 (de) 2007-08-23
US20050066896A1 (en) 2005-03-31
WO2003093526A2 (fr) 2003-11-13

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