EP1548657A1 - Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten - Google Patents

Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1548657A1
EP1548657A1 EP03029829A EP03029829A EP1548657A1 EP 1548657 A1 EP1548657 A1 EP 1548657A1 EP 03029829 A EP03029829 A EP 03029829A EP 03029829 A EP03029829 A EP 03029829A EP 1548657 A1 EP1548657 A1 EP 1548657A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
security
security document
visible light
substrate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03029829A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1548657B1 (de
Inventor
Javier Prof. Dep. Fisica Fonda- Tejada Palacios
Antonio J. Arieta
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
European Central Bank
Original Assignee
European Central Bank
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by European Central Bank filed Critical European Central Bank
Priority to EP03029829A priority Critical patent/EP1548657B1/de
Priority to AT03029829T priority patent/ATE367626T1/de
Priority to DE60315049T priority patent/DE60315049T2/de
Priority to ES03029829T priority patent/ES2287405T3/es
Priority to PCT/EP2004/014667 priority patent/WO2005064551A1/en
Publication of EP1548657A1 publication Critical patent/EP1548657A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1548657B1 publication Critical patent/EP1548657B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
    • B42D25/36—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery comprising special materials
    • B42D25/378—Special inks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
    • B42D25/20—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof characterised by a particular use or purpose
    • B42D25/29—Securities; Bank notes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/04—Testing magnetic properties of the materials thereof, e.g. by detection of magnetic imprint
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/12—Visible light, infrared or ultraviolet radiation
    • G07D7/128—Viewing devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a security document comprising security means for the authentication of the security document. Furthermore, the invention refers to a method for authentication of a security document.
  • security documents e.g. banknotes, passports, identity cards, checks, stocks, bonds etc.
  • security means have been developed to allow users and/or machines to discriminate between real and forged banknotes and/or discriminate between different values of banknotes.
  • special papers, special inks, special patterns, the inclusion of security threads and watermarks are used as well.
  • a method for a non-reproducable printed image on a security document is described in WO 01/69915 A2.
  • the ink to be used is reflective of light of predetermined wave lengths.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a method which allows an authentication of a security document with high security.
  • the security document and the method according to the invention are based on a colour change of a material depending on the temperature and the change of the temperature of another material depending on a magnetic field. Both physical or chemical effects as such are well-known in other technical fields for the person skilled in the art.
  • the main advantage of the security document and the method according to the invention is that the security means is not reproducable by making a photocopy of the document or by scanning and printing, even if the copy or print is of highest quality. Furthermore, the security document and the method allow authentication of the document simply by applying a magnetic field and holding the document against light. The change of colour should be seen by the naked eye.
  • the means selectively reflecting visible light dependent on the temperature comprises liquid crystals (LC).
  • LC liquid crystals
  • the ability to exhibit colours is a well-known attribute of liquid crystals. It is an aspect of the invention that the colour change of the liquid crystals occurs in a temperature range of -50 to +60 °C depending on the specific LC used, preferably -20 to +40°C, more preferably 15 to 25°C. If the liquid crystal changes its colour at room temperature, an authentication is possible without heating or cooling the security document.
  • the means changing the temperature dependent on a magnetic field comprises gadolinium (Gd).
  • Gadolinium is paramagnetic at room temperature and rapidly becomes ferromagnetic with a huge magnetic moment at lower temperatures. This transition occurs in a narrow interval around the so-called Curie temperature, and involves therefore a very large variation of the magnetisation close to the transition point. If a magnetic field is applied adiabatically to a Gd sample, its temperature increases a few degrees. In the same way, if the applied magnetic field is switched off, then the temperature of the sample decreases.
  • gadolinium It is an important advantage of gadolinium that the magnetocaloric effect occurs at the preferred temperature range, i.e. room temperature, and the temperature of gadolinium changes under the variation of relatively small magnetic fields.
  • the means selectively reflecting light and the means changing the temperature may be formed as a mixture of gadolinium particles and liquid crystals in good thermic contact.
  • the means selectively reflecting light and the means changing the temperature are embedded in an ink suitable for intaglio, offset, silk-screen, ink-jet, flexography, rotogravure printing or any other printing technique.
  • liquid crystals and gadolinium may be embedded as small particles (micro or nanoparticles) in the ink. The embedding of this active elements in an ink allows the production of the security documents with relatively low costs incurred.
  • a further aspect of the invention is to provide an ink for a multi-colour printing, e.g. four-colour printing by using four different inks, each ink having a different colour, e.g. yellow, red, blue and black at the same preferred temperature. Therefore, a picture printed by using the different inks may appear at the preferred temperature and disappears at other temperatures.
  • the security document is a banknote.
  • the functional principle of the means changing the temperature dependent on a magnetic field is based on the magnetocaloric effect.
  • the magnetocaloric effect is the temperature change produced when a magnetic field variation is applied to a magnetic material. It can be measured as the adiabatic temperature change or as the isothermal magnetic entropy change ⁇ S M .
  • Gadolinium is paramagnetic at room temperature and rapidly becomes ferromagnetic with a huge magnetic moment at lower temperatures. This transition occurs in a narrow interval around the so-called Curie temperature and involves a very large variation of the magnetic moment.
  • the maximum negative variation of the magnetic moment occurs at 293 K corresponding to the Curie temperature above gadolinium behaves as a paramagnet.
  • Fig. 2 shows the thermal dependance of the derivative dM/dT of gadolinium to illustrate the rapid variation of the magnetization around the Curie temperature (293 K).
  • Fig 3 shows the isothermal demagnetization curves in a temperature range from 285 K to 305 K with a temperature step of 1 K.
  • Fig 4 shows the experimental values of the magnetic entropy change obtained from the experimental isothermal magnetization curves under a magnetic field variation of 1 T from saturation to zero magnetic field. It is observed that the value of maximum entropy change peaks around the Curie temperature.
  • the gadolinium sample was surrounded by a liquid crystal with a well known colour change in the temperature interval comprised between 292.9 and 294.6 K.
  • Fig. 5 shows the transmission coefficient of the liquid crystal versus the wavelength of the light at several temperatures ranging from 19.8 to 21.6 °C.
  • the temperature change produced in the Gd sample at the maximum entropy change is about 1.5 K resulting also in the cooling of the liquid crystal surrounding the Gd sample.
  • a colour change in the liquid crystal was detected. This process is reversible, shows neither hysteresis phenomena nor memory effects and is very fast.
  • the sample was made of a 1.5 x 2cm 2 foil of gadolinium with a thickness of 0.25mm. One side of this foil was covered with a thin film of liquid crystal.
  • the temperature of the sample was controlled by putting it in thermal contact with a Peltier plate.
  • the Peltier effect consists on the production or absorption of heat as a consequence of the application of an electrical current through a junction of two different semiconductors. The direction of the current determines which side of the plate is heated or cooled.
  • the Peltier effect is the opposite of the thermoelectric (or Seebeck) effect.
  • the current applied to the Peltier plate (about 0.3 amperes in the experiments) was chosen in order to obtain a blue-green colour of the liquid crystal.
  • the Peltier plate used in the experiments presents a very small temperature gradient (about 0.2°C) along its surface. This did not allow to observe a homogenius colour in the liquid crystal.
  • a commercial 1 tesla NdFeB magnet of 5 x 5 x 2.5cm 3 in size was used to magnetize the sample.
  • a thin crystal plate (0.25mm of thickness) was placed between the Peltier plate and the Gd sample in order to reduce the thermal contact. This allowed to maintain the induced temperature difference during a few seconds.
  • the same effect can be obtained using, for example, a piece of paper.
  • the sample temperature was stabilised with that of the Peltier plate.
  • the magnet was placed near the sample. The temperature of the sample began to increase until the sample achieved its maximum temperature so that the sample became blue-violett. The temperature began to decrease slowly until it was stabilized with the Peltier plate. The magnet was removed and the temperature of the sample began to decrease so that the sample became red. The duration of this colour change was enough to be observed by the naked eye.
  • Fig. 6 shows the front side of a security document 1 according to the invention, which is a banknote in the preferred embodiment.
  • the banknote 1 comprises a suitable printing substrate 2, for example made of a sheet of paper.
  • a graphical design printing 3 is provided on the front and reverse side of the substrate.
  • the graphical design printing 3 on the front side comprises a rectangular area 4 on which a visible security pattern 5 is provided.
  • the security pattern consists of a foil of Gd with a thickness of 0.25 mm. One side of this foil is covered with a thin film of liquid crystal with a colour variation centred on the Curie temperature. This sandwich structure is applied on or embedded in the substrate of the banknote.
  • the security pattern is printed on the substrate using an ink in which liquid crystals and gadolinium are embedded as active elements (micro or nanoparticles).
  • the security pattern is printed using any one of the well-known printing techniques.
  • the security pattern 5 appears as a coloured rectangular printing. If a magnet is placed near the substrate on which the security pattern is printed, the temperature of the liquid crystals increases as a result of the increasing temperature of gadolinium so that the colour of the security pattern changes, e.g. the colour becomes blue-violet. When the magnet is removed, the temperature of the liquid crystals decreases as a result of the removed, the temperature of the liquid crystals decreases as a result of the decreasing temperature of the gadolinium so that the colour of the security pattern changes again, e.g. the colour becomes red.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Accounting & Taxation (AREA)
  • Finance (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
EP03029829A 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten Expired - Lifetime EP1548657B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03029829A EP1548657B1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten
AT03029829T ATE367626T1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Sicherheitsdokument mit mitteln zur authentifizierung und methode zur authentifizierung von sicherheitsdokumenten
DE60315049T DE60315049T2 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten
ES03029829T ES2287405T3 (es) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Documento de seguridad con medios de autenticacion y metodo para autenticacion de documentos de seguridad.
PCT/EP2004/014667 WO2005064551A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2004-12-23 Security document comprising security means for authentication and method for authentication of a security document

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03029829A EP1548657B1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1548657A1 true EP1548657A1 (de) 2005-06-29
EP1548657B1 EP1548657B1 (de) 2007-07-18

Family

ID=34530735

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03029829A Expired - Lifetime EP1548657B1 (de) 2003-12-24 2003-12-24 Sicherheitsdokument mit Mitteln zur Authentifizierung und Methode zur Authentifizierung von Sicherheitsdokumenten

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1548657B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE367626T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60315049T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2287405T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2005064551A1 (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105243648A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2016-01-13 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 一种消除压钞轴上磁性点噪声的方法及系统
EP3150763A4 (de) * 2014-06-02 2018-02-14 Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo "Goznak" Produkt mit einem träger mit schutzmarkierungen und verfahren zur bestimmung der authentizität des produkts
CN109251590A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-22 中钞油墨有限公司 缓冲型磁致变色防伪油墨组合物及其鉴别装置
CN115862439A (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-28 宁波磁性材料应用技术创新中心有限公司 体现磁热效应的装置、教具、防伪方法及信息密送方法

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103593903B (zh) * 2012-08-17 2015-10-21 中钞特种防伪科技有限公司 一种防伪元件及使用该防伪元件的产品
DE102017112119A1 (de) 2017-06-01 2018-12-06 Schreiner Group Gmbh & Co. Kg Anordnung, Etikettenanordnung für ein Sicherheitsetikett, Gegenstand mit einer Etikettenanordnung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Etikettenanordnung für ein Sicherheitsetikett

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2909731A1 (de) * 1978-03-15 1979-09-20 Oesterr Nationalbank Papier, verfahren zur pruefung von papieren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des pruefverfahrens
DE19932240A1 (de) * 1999-07-10 2001-01-18 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Optisch variabel darstellbare/versteckbare Sicherheitselemente für Wert- und Sicherheitsdokumente
WO2002025600A2 (de) * 2000-09-21 2002-03-28 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Fälschungs- und diebstahlsicherungssystem insbesondere für wert- und sicherheitsdokumente
WO2003057499A1 (de) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-17 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Wert- oder sicherheitsdokument mit seebeck- oder peltier-element

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2909731A1 (de) * 1978-03-15 1979-09-20 Oesterr Nationalbank Papier, verfahren zur pruefung von papieren und vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des pruefverfahrens
DE19932240A1 (de) * 1999-07-10 2001-01-18 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Optisch variabel darstellbare/versteckbare Sicherheitselemente für Wert- und Sicherheitsdokumente
WO2002025600A2 (de) * 2000-09-21 2002-03-28 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Fälschungs- und diebstahlsicherungssystem insbesondere für wert- und sicherheitsdokumente
WO2003057499A1 (de) * 2002-01-10 2003-07-17 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Wert- oder sicherheitsdokument mit seebeck- oder peltier-element

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZHU H ET AL: "MAGNETOCALORIC EFFECT IN LAYERED PEROVSKITE MANGANESE OXIDE LA1.4CA1.6MN2O7", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS. NEW YORK, US, vol. 81, no. 18, 28 October 2002 (2002-10-28), pages 3416 - 3418, XP001142419, ISSN: 0003-6951 *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3150763A4 (de) * 2014-06-02 2018-02-14 Aktsionernoe Obshchestvo "Goznak" Produkt mit einem träger mit schutzmarkierungen und verfahren zur bestimmung der authentizität des produkts
CN105243648A (zh) * 2015-10-30 2016-01-13 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 一种消除压钞轴上磁性点噪声的方法及系统
CN105243648B (zh) * 2015-10-30 2018-04-27 深圳怡化电脑股份有限公司 一种消除压钞轴上磁性点噪声的方法及系统
CN109251590A (zh) * 2018-08-03 2019-01-22 中钞油墨有限公司 缓冲型磁致变色防伪油墨组合物及其鉴别装置
CN109251590B (zh) * 2018-08-03 2022-11-22 中钞油墨有限公司 缓冲型磁致变色防伪油墨组合物及其鉴别装置
CN115862439A (zh) * 2022-12-13 2023-03-28 宁波磁性材料应用技术创新中心有限公司 体现磁热效应的装置、教具、防伪方法及信息密送方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60315049D1 (de) 2007-08-30
EP1548657B1 (de) 2007-07-18
DE60315049T2 (de) 2008-04-10
ES2287405T3 (es) 2007-12-16
ATE367626T1 (de) 2007-08-15
WO2005064551A1 (en) 2005-07-14

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