EP1551604B1 - Unité d'affûtage pour une lame en forme de disque, machine de coupe équipée d'une unité d'affûtage et procédé d'affûtage - Google Patents

Unité d'affûtage pour une lame en forme de disque, machine de coupe équipée d'une unité d'affûtage et procédé d'affûtage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1551604B1
EP1551604B1 EP03772664A EP03772664A EP1551604B1 EP 1551604 B1 EP1551604 B1 EP 1551604B1 EP 03772664 A EP03772664 A EP 03772664A EP 03772664 A EP03772664 A EP 03772664A EP 1551604 B1 EP1551604 B1 EP 1551604B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
blade
grinding wheel
cutting edge
inclination
cutting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03772664A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1551604A1 (fr
Inventor
Mario Gioni Via di Tiglio 612 CHIOCCHETTI
Mauro Via del Marginone 24 GELLI
Quirino Fernando Via di Tiglio 290 RIDOLFI
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Fabio Perini SpA
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Fabio Perini SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1551604A1 publication Critical patent/EP1551604A1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • B24B3/368—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades installed as an accessory on another machine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B3/00—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools
    • B24B3/36—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades
    • B24B3/46—Sharpening cutting edges, e.g. of tools; Accessories therefor, e.g. for holding the tools of cutting blades of disc blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D3/00—Cutting work characterised by the nature of the cut made; Apparatus therefor
    • B26D3/16—Cutting rods or tubes transversely
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/12—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by sharpening the cutting member
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/002—Materials or surface treatments therefor, e.g. composite materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0046—Cutting members therefor rotating continuously about an axis perpendicular to the edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
    • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
    • B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D2210/00—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials
    • B26D2210/11—Machines or methods used for cutting special materials for cutting web rolls

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method to sharpen disk-shaped cutting blades with a continuous cutting edge, and in particular to sharpen disk-shaped blades destined to cut rolls of web material such as paper, tissue paper, toilet tissue, kitchen towel and the like.
  • the present invention also relates to a sharpening unit for disk-shaped blades, in particular for cutting machines destined to cut rolls of web material or the like, and cutting machines comprising said sharpening unit.
  • Cutting machines are commonly used in the paper converting industry to produce small rolls from logs of wound paper, which have an axial length which is a multiple of the axial length of the finished products, corresponding to the axial dimension of the reels of paper coming from paper mills.
  • the cutting machines commonly used to cut logs of paper or other wound web materials are provided with a unit rotating about an axis usually parallel to the direction of feed of the logs to be cut or slightly slanting in respect of it. These logs are fed along one or more channels parallel to one another to be subjected to the action of a rotating disk-shaped cutting blade carried by the rotating unit. The disk-shaped blade rotates about an axis in turn parallel to the direction of feed of the elongated products to be cut.
  • machines of this type have intermittent or continuous feed (with variable or constant speed) of the logs. Examples of cutting machines of this type are described in US-RE-30598, EP-B-0507750, US-A-3213731, EP-B-0609668, US-A-5315907.
  • the disk-shaped cutting blades used for this purpose are usually biconical in shape. That is, they are thicker in proximity to the axis and gradually decrease in thickness from the axis towards the edge.
  • the cutting edge is formed of a bevel symmetrical in respect of the median plane orthogonal to the axis of the tool.
  • the blade must be sharpened frequently to restore the cutting edge especially as it is produced with steels of limited hardness and toughness, such as high speed steels. Pairs of grinding wheels, motorized or more frequently drawn by the movement of the tool, are used for sharpening; these act in an approximately symmetrical manner on the two sides of the cutting bevel of the blade.
  • the diameter of the blade is in this way gradually reduced from the original dimension to a minimum dimension of diameter, beyond which the blade must be replaced.
  • the cutting edge becomes blunted and damaged rather quickly and must be sharpened frequently, which causes relatively rapid consumption of the blade, due to the wear caused by each sharpening operation. This makes it necessary to use high initial diameters, in order to reduce the number of replacements required and above all to amortize the cost of each blade against a sufficient quantity of cut product.
  • the dimension of the product to be cut and of the hub to support the disk-shaped cutting blade make it impossible to go below a minimum dimension of diameter.
  • the biconical shape of the tool produces a great deal of friction between the tool and the material to be cut. Moreover, to produce a biconically shaped tool, a large amount of initial raw material is required, as the biconical shape is obtained principally through grinding.
  • blades have been designed with a cutting edge defined by two asymmetrical sides, one of which is hardened by facing the cutting profile with hard oxides.
  • a blade of this type is described in WO-A-0021722.
  • the purpose of this known blade is to increase the quantity of logs cut during the life of the blade, to reduce the number of sharpenings required during the useful life of the blade and to reduce the variation in blade diameter due to wear caused by sharpening.
  • this blade did not attain the expected results in terms of duration, decrease in wear and reduction of sharpening frequency.
  • the object of the present invention is to produce a sharpening unit that makes it possible to sharpen the blade efficiently decreasing wear and avoiding the need for substantial excursions of the sharpening grinding wheels to compensate for wear of the blade resulting from frequent sharpening operations.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to produce a method of sharpening that is simpler and more efficient sharpening than prior art methods, and a cutting machine that implements said method.
  • the present invention relates to a sharpening unit to sharpen a disk-shaped blade, with a cutting bevel with a continuous circular cutting edge, and comprising a first grinding wheel and a second grinding wheel acting on a first side and on a second side of said bevel as defined in claim 1.
  • the two grinding wheels are advantageously equipped with a movement to move them towards and away from the blade in a direction essentially parallel to their respective rotation axis.
  • the object of this movement is to position the grinding wheels in the operating and non-operating position respectively and also to recover wear of the blade caused by the successive sharpening operations.
  • the grinding wheel with larger grain is used to perform the actual sharpening and acts on the side of the bevel that, following initial sharpening, loses the surface hardening treatment.
  • the first grinding wheel with extremely fine grain, acts on the side of the bevel destined to preserve the surface hardening treatment and acts simply to remove any burrs from the cutting edge, while also supporting the blade to prevent flexure caused by the pressure exerted by the second grinding wheel.
  • the two grinding wheels may start to operate simultaneously. Nonetheless, to obtain optimal operation of the sharpening unit, the finest grinding wheel starts to operate before the grinding wheel with the larger grain and leaves the operating position with a delay.
  • the delay with which the first grinding wheel disengages from the blade in respect of the moment at which the second grinding wheel ceases to act on the bevel of the blade is equal to at least one complete turn of the blade. This ensures that any burrs are eliminated from the cutting edge.
  • the inclination of the first grinding wheel allows it to operate only in proximity to the cutting edge, that is at the tip of the bevel, and not along the entire extension of the side of the bevel.
  • the thickness of surface treatment on the blade mean that the cutting edge, that is the line of intersection of the two sides and the surface area of the blade immediately adjacent to this line remain within the thickness of the material of the blade that has been subjected to the surface hardening treatment,. Independently of whether it is formed by a deposit or by the penetration of particles ⁇ e.g. by thermal treatment ⁇ in the structure of the base material forming the blade.
  • the grinding wheels may be idle and hence drawn in rotation by the rotating blade. Nonetheless, they are preferably motorized.
  • the motorized grinding wheels may be pressed against the blade with less pressure, thus making it possible to obtain a smoother ground surface.
  • Mixed solutions may also be used in which one grinding wheel is drawn and the other motorized or in which there are more than two grinding wheels, some motorized and others drawn.
  • the inclinations of the two grinding wheels are equal and opposite in respect of the lying plane of the cutting edge of the blade.
  • the present invention relates to a cutting machine to cut logs of wound web material as defined in claim 9.
  • the inclination of the first grinding wheel in respect of the first side of the bevel and the thickness of the hardening treatment may allow the cutting edge of the blade to remain within the volume that has been subjected to the hardening treatment.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a method to sharpen a disk-shaped blade rotating about an axis of rotation as defined in claim 24.
  • FIG 1 schematically shows (limited to its front part) a cutting machine, as a whole indicated with 1, to which the present invention is applied.
  • the machine has a feed path of the logs to be cut, indicated with L, which are pushed by pushers 3 secured to a flexible chain element or the like 5, driven about a driving wheel supported by a fixed structure 7. Only one driving wheel, indicated with 9, is visible in Figure 1, while the other is at the rear end of the cutting machine, not shown.
  • the flexible elements 5 associated with the various parallel feed channels of the logs may be motorized separately from one another to stagger the movement of logs in each feed channel.
  • the number 11 generically indicates a cutting head that, by means of a support 13, carries a rotating unit 17.
  • the unit 17 rotates about a horizontal axis A-A parallel to the direction fL of feed of the logs L.
  • three disk-shaped blades 19A, 19B and 19C are mounted on the rotating unit 17, disposed at 120° from one another about the axis A-A, as can be seen in particular in Figure 2.
  • Each of the rotating disk-shaped blades 19A, 19B and 19C rotates about its own axis of rotation B-B parallel to the axis A-A and to the direction of feed fL of the logs L.
  • the number 21 indicates a motor that, by means of a belt 23, transmits rotatory motion to the rotating unit 17.
  • a second motor 25 is positioned on the support 13 of the rotating unit 17 and, by means of a belt 27, supplies rotatory motion to a shaft that drives disk-shaped blades 19A, 19B and 19C in rotation by means of a transmission to be described hereunder.
  • a third motor 29 drives the driving wheel 9 of the rotating element 5 in rotation.
  • a driving wheel 9 may be associated with each channel, with its own motor unit 29 suitably controlled as a function of the angular position of the rotating unit 17.
  • the number 35 indicates a programmable control unit that synchronizes the angular position of the unit 17 with the feed movement of the flexible element(s) 5 acting on the motor(s) 29.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show how the rotating unit 17, drawn in rotation by the hub 17A, internally supports three toothed wheels, positioned at 120° from one another about the axis A-A, indicated with 41A, 41B and 41C. Said wheels mesh with a central toothed wheel 43 keyed onto a shaft 45 that receives its motion from the motor 25 through the belt 27.
  • the toothed wheels 41A, 41B and 41C are keyed onto respective spindles 47A, 47B and 47C onto which toothed pulleys 49A, 49B and 49C are in turn keyed.
  • Each of the toothed pulleys 49A, 49B, 49C transmits the motion supplied by the motor 25, through toothed belts 51A, 51B, 51C, to the rotating disk-shaped cutting blades 19A, 19B e 19C.
  • the toothed belt 51A, 51B, 51C transmits motion to a toothed pulley 53A, 53B, 53C keyed onto an axle 55A, 55B, 55C, on the opposite end of which the respective disk-shaped blade 19A, 19B, 19C is keyed.
  • Each of the shafts is supported by bearings 57 in a respective sleeve 59A, 59B, 59C sliding on sliding bearings 61 mounted in a respective seat 63A, 63B, 63C provided in the rotating unit 17.
  • the angular movement about the axis B-B of each sleeve 59A, 59B, 59C is prevented by a tab 58 integral with the respective sleeve, cooperating with wheels 60 supported idle in the sliding seat of the sleeve.
  • each sleeve 59A, 59B, 59C has an enlarged area 65A, 65B, 65C that houses the toothed pulley 53A, 53B, 53C respectively, and mounted idle on which is a wheel 67A, 67B, 67C that constitutes the feeler for a fixed cam 71 extending in an arc of circumference, shown in particular in Figure 2 and in its development in the plane in Figure 2A.
  • the arc of circumference along which the cam 71 extends has its center on the axis A-A of rotation of the rotating unit 17 and extends in the lower part of the path of each disk-shaped blade 19A, 19B, 19C, i.e. in the zone in which the blade is inserted into the product to be cut.
  • each sleeve 59A, 59B, 59C associated with the respective disk-shaped blade 19A, 19B, 19C travels with alternate motion according to the double arrow fl. Consequently, the respective disk-shaped blade 19A, 19B, 19C are provided with the same motion.
  • the movement according to the arrow fl is parallel to the direction of feed of the logs L or other elongated products to be cut.
  • each disk-shaped blade 19A, 19B, 19C the blade is pushed forwards by the annular cam 71 that overcomes the compression strength of the respective Belleville springs 72A, 72B, 72C. In this way the blade that is operating at that time, i.e. inserted in the material constituting the log(s) L to be cut, moves forward following the forward motion of the logs L along the feed path.
  • the forward movement is controlled by the ascending ramp 71A of the cam 71 (see Figure 2A).
  • the forward motion starts before the respective blade 19A, 19B, 19C penetrates the material constituting the first of the logs to be cut, so that at the time in which contact with the blade starts it is already moving forward at the same speed as the material to be cut according to the arrow fL.
  • the considerable length of the belts 51A, 51B and 51C provides the toothed pulley 53A, 53B or 53C with sufficient freedom of movement in the axial direction, so that the respective disk-shaped blades may advance and reverse without being obstructed by mechanical transmission of motion from the central axis.
  • the axial'extension of the toothed pulleys 53A, 53B, 53C and 49A, 49B, 49C may be greater than the height of the respective belts 51A, 51B, 51C to allow any minor sliding of the belts on the driving pulleys.
  • each sleeve 59A, 59B, 59C Integral with each sleeve 59A, 59B, 59C is a support 73A, 73B, 73C, each carrying a sharpening unit 80 comprising a pair of grinding wheels 81, 83 to sharpen the respective rotating disk-shaped blades 19A, 19B, 19C.
  • a sharpening unit 80 comprising a pair of grinding wheels 81, 83 to sharpen the respective rotating disk-shaped blades 19A, 19B, 19C.
  • Each grinding wheel of the pair of grinding wheels 81, 83 associated with each blade acts on one of the two sides of the cutting bevel of the blade, which will be described in detail with reference to Figures 5 to 7.
  • the grinding wheels 81 and 83 may be motorized grinding wheels, that is drawn in rotation by specific motors such as pneumatic motors, although it is also possible to use grinding wheels mounted idle and drawn in rotation through the effect of contact friction with the disk-shaped blade. Feed of compressed air to the actuators associated with the three pairs of grinding wheels 81, 83 may be supplied by an axial rotating distributor, not shown and of a per se known type.
  • the two grinding wheels 81, 83 of each sharpening unit 80 are also provided with a movement parallel to their axis of rotation to be brought alternately into contact with and moved away from the respective rotating disk-shaped blade, as sharpening is not continuous but performed only at regular intervals as the blade becomes blunt and thus requires sharpened.
  • the structure of the mechanisms that make the grinding wheels rotate and cause them to move towards and away from the respective blade will be described with reference to Figures 9 and 10.
  • the arrangement of the two grinding wheels 81, 83 of each sharpening unit 80 is shown in particular in the enlarged detail in Figure 8.
  • Each of the blades 19A, 19B, 19C is designed as shown in Figures 5 to 7, which show any one of the three blades 19A, 19B, 19C, indicated simply with the reference 19.
  • the blade 19 has a disk-shaped body delimited by two flat faces 201A, 201B parallel to each other, and a circular cutting edge 203. Therefore, essentially it has a continuous thickness in the range of 1.5-4 mm and preferably between 2 and 3 mm, in particular for example 2.5 mm.
  • the cutting edge 203 represents the final edge of a cutting bevel, indicated as a whole with 205.
  • This cutting bevel is delimited by two sides 207 and 209.
  • the first side 207 extends radially (i.e. in the direction of the radius of the disk-shaped blade) to a greater extent than the radial extension of the second side 209.
  • At least the side 207 has been subjected to surface hardening treatment.
  • said treatment is a controlled nitriding thermal treatment, such as in particular Nitreg® treatment.
  • the entire surface of the blade may be subjected to this treatment, as it is simpler and less expensive to perform complete treatment than to mask the parts of the blade that do not require to be treated.
  • the entire surface of the blade may be subjected to treatment, with the exception of the side of the cutting bevel on which the grinding wheel with the largest grain, destined to perform actual sharpening, acts. In this way the duration of the grinding wheel may be extended.
  • the controlled thermochemical nitriding treatment penetrates the base material of the blade for a depth T ( Figure 7), for example of around 100 micrometers.
  • the surface hardening treatment can be provided in the form of a deposit of a harder material on the surface of the blade, or even in a depressed area of the blade body provided for the purpose of being filled up with said deposit.
  • Figure 6A shows the bevel of the blade before the first sharpening operation with continuous surface treatment along its entire surface.
  • the cutting edge 203 lies on a lying plane PG parallel to the median plane PM of the blade, which is represented by the plane orthogonal to the axis B-B of rotation and equidistant from the faces 201A, 201B of the body of the blade.
  • the lying plane PG of the cutting edge 203 is shifted, in respect of the median plane PM of the blade, towards the second side 209 of the bevel 205.
  • the side 207 is defined by a conical surface with axis coinciding with the axis B-B of rotation of the blade and with an inclination ⁇ in respect of the lying plane PG of the cutting edge 203.
  • the angle ⁇ may for example be around 8°.
  • the side 209 also has a conical form coaxial to the axis B-B and an inclination ⁇ in respect of the plane PG.
  • the angle ⁇ is slightly greater than the angle ⁇ and may be for example equal to 10°. The possibility is not excluded, however, that the angle ⁇ is 0°.
  • FIG 6B the blade is shown in its condition of maximum wear.
  • the sides 207, 209 still have the same inclination, although the side 207 now extends in a radial direction for less than the side 209.
  • the lying plane PG of the cutting edge 203 is moved in respect of the median plane PM towards the first side 207 and not towards the second side 209.
  • the blade is produced in molybdenum chrome steel, such as X150CrMo12 steel, which with Nitreg® treatment even reaches a hardness equal to 72-73 HRC for the penetration depth of the controlled nitriding treatment.
  • the two grinding wheels 81 and 83 are disposed with equal inclination and contrary in respect of the lying plane PG of the cutting edge 203 of the blade 19, that is in respect of a plane orthogonal to the axis B-B of rotation of the blade 19. More specifically, the two grinding wheels are inclined by an angle ⁇ in respect of the lying plane of the cutting edge of the blade.
  • the grinding wheel 83 which acts on the side 209 inclined by an angle ⁇ in respect of the plane PG, operates parallel to the side and performs the actual sharpening of the blade. Removal of material from the side of the blade by the second grinding wheel 83 does not alter the conical shape of the side 209 of the bevel and its inclination in respect of the original inclination.
  • the first grinding wheel 81 which acts on the side 207 of the bevel 205, only touches the side in the area nearest the cutting edge, due to the difference in inclination between the side 207 (inclined by an angle ⁇ in respect of the plane PG) and the grinding wheel (inclined by an angle ⁇ in respect of this plane).
  • the contact conditions between the sides of the bevel 205 and the two grinding wheels are shown in the enlargement in Figure 7, where the two grinding wheels 81, 83 are indicated with a dashed line.
  • the cutting edge 203 is produced wholly in a thickness of the material of the blade 19 subjected to this treatment.
  • the cutting edge 203 and the portions of the sides of the bevel immediately adjacent to this cutting edge always remain within the thickness that has been subjected to hardening notwithstanding the amount of wear on the blade. Therefore, the cutting edge is hardened on both sides.
  • thanks to the symmetrical layout of the grinding wheels 81, 83 it has a symmetrical section in respect of its lying plane PG, with consequent advantages in terms of dynamic stresses on the blade.
  • the two grinding wheels 81 and 83 have markedly distinct abrasive characteristics.
  • the second grinding wheel 83 is utilized for the actual sharpening operation and consequently has a grain size suitable for this purpose.
  • the function of the grinding wheel 81 is to support the blade against the stresses exerted by the grinding wheel 83 and to eliminate any burrs produced along the cutting edge 203 by said grinding wheel 83, although it does not actually perform any sharpening operations, but merely polishes the bevel.
  • the grinding wheel 81 may have diamond grains or equivalent and have an ⁇ extremely fine>> grain, that is from 7 to 46 (ISO standards), and preferably in proximity or equal to the minimum value 7, corresponding to a dimension of the sieve from 37 to 44 micrometers.
  • the grinding wheel 83 may, on the contrary, be produced with the same type of abrasive and «fine» grain according to DIN and ISO 6106-1979 classification, that is between 45 and 91 (ISO standards), corresponding to screen meshes with dimensions between 53 and 74 micrometers.
  • the grain size of this grinding wheel is around 70-80 (ISO).
  • this also has the advantage of eliminating the need to provide the grinding wheels with a movement to move them gradually towards the axis of the blades in order to recover wear, and to adjust the position of the blade in respect of the axis of rotation of the unit carrying it, as the variation in diameter resulting from wear can be recovered by the simple movement towards the blade and away there from, with which the grinding wheels are periodically brought in the operating and non-operating position respectively.
  • Figure 9 shows a longitudinal section of one of the grinding wheels 81 and of the relative axial supporting and traversing and rotation system.
  • the grinding wheel 83 is mounted and rotation and traverse movement are controlled in the same manner.
  • the grinding wheel 81 is keyed onto a shaft 85 supported by bearings 87 in a bushing 89.
  • the bushing slides on the sliding bearings 91 inside a supporting sleeve 93 connected integral with the support 73C.
  • the shaft 85 is connected to a hollow shaft 95 coupled by a spline coupling 97 to the motor shaft 99 of a pneumatic or equivalent motor 101.
  • the bushing 89 has a helical groove 103 that extends through an arc of helix extremely reduced and inclined greatly in respect of the axis C-C of the shaft 85 of the grinding wheel 81.
  • a wheel 105 mounted idle on a spindle 106 supported by the support 93 engages in the helical groove 103.
  • the arrangement of the groove 103 and of the wheel 105 may be inverted, with the groove integral with the supporting sleeve 93 and the wheel integral with the bushing 89.
  • Angular movement about the axis C-C of the bushing 89 is imparted by a pair of piston-cylinder actuators 108A, 108B parallel to each other, visible in particular in the section in Figure 10.
  • the cylinders of these actuators are integral with the supporting sleeve 93, while the rods extend inside the sleeve and their ends rest on a leveled surface 110 produced on the bushing 89.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (34)

  1. Unité d'affûtage destinée à affûter une lame coupante en forme de disque (19) munie d'un biseau (205) possédant un bord coupant circulaire continu (203), comprenant une première meule à affûter (81) et une seconde meule à affûter (83) agissant sur une première face (207) et sur une seconde face (209) dudit biseau (205), caractérisée en ce que ladite première meule à affûter (81) a un grain plus fin que ladite seconde meule à affûter (83) ; l'inclinaison de ladite première meule à affûter est telle que, lorsque l'unité est en fonctionnement, ladite première meule à affûter est placée contre la première face (207) de la lame sous une inclinaison légèrement supérieure à l'inclinaison de la première face, par rapport à un plan de positionnement (PG) du bord coupant de la lame, tandis que l'inclinaison de ladite seconde meule à affûter (83) est en substance parallèle à la seconde face (209) dudit biseau, et ladite seconde meule à affûter est disposée et conçue pour affûter le biseau coupant de la lame, tandis que ladite première meule à affûter est disposée et conçue pour appliquer une force de réaction à ladite lame afin d'empêcher ou de réduire la flexion de la lame dans la zone d'affûtage et d'éliminer d'éventuelles bavures produites par la seconde meule à affûter à partir du bord coupant.
  2. Unité d'affûtage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que ladite première et ladite seconde meules à affûter sont dotées d'un mouvement de déplacement en rapprochement et en éloignement par rapport à la lame selon une direction essentiellement parallèle à leur axe de rotation.
  3. Unité d'affûtage selon la revendication 2, caractérisée en ce que le mouvement de déplacement de ladite première et de ladite seconde meules à affûter en direction de la lame est commandé de telle façon que la première meule à affûter vienne au contact de la première face de la lame avant que la seconde meule à affûter vienne au contact de la seconde face de la lame et quitte le contact de ladite première face de la lame après que la seconde meule à affûter a quitté le contact de la seconde face de la lame.
  4. Unité d'affûtage selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que le mouvement de déplacement des meules à affûter en rapprochement et en éloignement par rapport à la lame est commandé de telle façon que la première meule à affûter quitte le contact de la première face de la lame après que ladite lame a effectué au moins un tour autour de son axe une fois que la seconde meule à affûter s'est écartée de la seconde face.
  5. Unité d'affûtage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que ladite première et ladite seconde meules à affûter sont motorisées.
  6. Unité d'affûtage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que les inclinaisons de ladite première et de ladite seconde meules à affûter sont égales et opposées par rapport à un plan de positionnement du bord coupant de la lame, ledit plan de positionnement étant essentiellement perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation de la lame.
  7. Unité d'affûtage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que ladite première meule à affûter possède un grain extrêmement fin, de 7 à 46 selon les normes ISO, et de préférence d'environ 7.
  8. Unité d'affûtage selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que ladite second meule à affûter possède un grain fin, entre 45 et 91 selon les normes ISO et, de préférence, entre 70 et 80.
  9. Machine de coupe destinée à couper des rouleaux de matériau en bande enroulé, comprenant :
    • au moins une lame en forme de disque (19) tournant autour d'un axe de rotation (B-B) et possédant un biseau coupant (205), doté d'un bord coupant continu (203), défini par une première face (207) et par une seconde face (209), la première face ayant une extension radiale plus grande que la seconde face, et au moins ladite première face recevant un traitement de trempe superficielle ;
    • au moins une unité d'affûtage (80) pour ladite lame, possédant au moins une première meule à affûter (81) agissant sur ladite première face (207) et une seconde meule à affûter (83) agissant sur la seconde face (209) ;
    caractérisée en ce que : ladite unité d'affûtage est produite selon une ou plus des revendications 1 à 8.
  10. Machine de coupe selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que l'inclinaison de la première meule à affûter (81) par rapport à la première face (207) du biseau et l'épaisseur (T) dudit traitement de trempe permettent au bord coupant (203) de la lame de rester dans les limites de l'épaisseur qui a été soumise au traitement de trempe.
  11. Machine de coupe selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que ladite première et ladite seconde meules à affûter sont dotées d'un mouvement les faisant déplacer en rapprochement et en éloignement par rapport à la lame selon une direction essentiellement parallèle à leur axe de rotation respectif, ledit mouvement récupérant également l'usure de la lame causée par des affûtages successifs.
  12. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les inclinaisons de ladite première et de ladite seconde meules à affûter sont égales et opposées par rapport au plan de positionnement (PG) du bord coupant (203) de la lame (19), ledit plan étant essentiellement perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation (B-B) de la lame, et en ce que les inclinaisons desdites deux faces (207, 209) du biseau (205) de la lame sont différentes par rapport au plan de positionnement (PG) du bord coupant de la lame, la première face (207) ayant, par rapport audit plan de positionnement, une inclinaison moindre que la seconde face (209).
  13. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisée en ce que ladite première face (207) est substantiellement parallèle au plan de positionnement (PG) du bord coupant de la lame.
  14. Machine de coupe selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce que la différence d'inclinaison entre ladite première et ladite seconde face est d'au moins 1 ° et, de préférence entre environ 1,5° et environ 2,5°.
  15. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur dudit traitement de trempe de ladite première face est égale ou supérieure à 30 micromètres et, de préférence, égale ou supérieure à 80 micromètres et, de façon encore préférable, égale ou supérieure à 90 micromètres et, de façon encore préférable, égale ou supérieure à 100 micromètres.
  16. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce que au moins ladite première face de la lame a une dureté superficielle supérieure à 70 HRC (dureté Rockwell C) et, de préférence, égale ou supérieure à environ 72 HRC.
  17. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce que ladite lame est faite en acier allié.
  18. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 17, caractérisée en ce que au moins ladite première face a un traitement de surface obtenu par pénétration de molécules ou d'atomes à l'intérieur de la structure d'un matériau de base formant la lame.
  19. Machine de coupe selon la revendication 18, caractérisée en ce que ledit traitement de surface est un traitement de nitruration contrôlé.
  20. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 17, caractérisée en ce que au moins ladite première face a un traitement de surface consistant en un dépôt d'un matériau qui est plus dur que le matériau de base formant la lame.
  21. Machine de coupe selon au moins la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que ladite lame est faite dans de l'acier au chrome contenant du molybdène.
  22. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 21, caractérisée en ce que l'inclinaison de ladite première face est égale ou inférieure à 9° et, de préférence, égale à environ 8° par rapport audit plan de positionnement (PG).
  23. Machine de coupe selon l'une des revendications 9 à 22, caractérisée en ce que ladite lame (19) a un corps délimité par deux plans (201A, 201 B) essentiellement parallèles l'un à l'autre et essentiellement perpendiculaires à l'axe de rotation (B-B) de la lame.
  24. Procédé d'affûtage d'une lame en forme de disque (19), destinée à couper des rouleaux de matériau en bande, tournant autour d'un axe de rotation (B-B), ladite lame possédant un biseau coupant (205), doté d'un bord coupant continu (203), défini par une première face (207) et par une seconde face (209), la première face ayant une extension plus grande dans une direction radiale que la seconde face et au moins ladite première face recevant un traitement de trempe superficielle ; dans lequel une première meule à affûter (82) agit sur ladite première face et une seconde meule à affûter (83) agit sur ladite seconde face,
    caractérisé en ce que
    • ladite première meule à affûter (81) a un grain plus fin que ladite seconde meule à affûter (83) ;
    • ladite première meule à affûter (81) est placée contre la première face (207) de la lame avec une inclinaison légèrement supérieure à l'inclinaison de la première face par rapport à un plan de positionnement (PG) du bord coupant de la lame ;
    • ladite seconde meule à affûter (83) est placée contre la seconde face de la lame avec une inclinaison correspondant essentiellement à l'inclinaison de ladite seconde face par rapport audit plan de positionnement ;
    • ladite seconde meule à affûter affûtant le biseau coupant, tandis que ladite première meule à affûter applique une force de réaction à ladite lame afin d'empêcher ou de réduire la flexion de la lame dans la zone d'affûtage et élimine les éventuelles bavures produites par la seconde meule à affûter à partir du bord coupant.
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 24, caractérisé par l'utilisation d'une lame dont le traitement de trempe superficielle a une épaisseur d'au moins 30 micromètres et, de préférence, égale ou supérieure à 80 micromètres et, de façon encore préférable, égale ou supérieure à 90 micromètres et, de façon encore préférable, égale ou supérieure à 100 micromètres.
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 24 ou 25, caractérisé en ce que l'inclinaison de la première meule à affûter (81) par rapport à la première face (207) du biseau et l'épaisseur dudit traitement de trempe sont telles que le bord coupant (203) de la lame (19) reste dans les limites de l'épaisseur concernée par le traitement de trempe.
  27. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 26, caractérisé en ce que ladite première et ladite seconde meules à affûter sont motorisées.
  28. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 27, caractérisé en ce que ladite première et ladite seconde meules à affûter sont déplacées contre ladite lame avec un mouvement essentiellement parallèle à leur axe de rotation respectif, ledit mouvement récupérant aussi l'usure de la lame causée par des affûtages successifs.
  29. Procédé selon la revendication 28, caractérisé en ce que ladite première meule à affûter vient au contact de la première face de la lame avant que la seconde meule à affûter ne vienne au contact de la seconde face (209) de la lame ; et en ce que la première meule à affûter quitte le contact de ladite première face de la lame après que la seconde meule à affûter a quitté le contact de la seconde face de la lame.
  30. Procédé selon la revendication 29, caractérisé en ce que le mouvement pour déplacer les meules à affûter en rapprochement et en éloignement par rapport à la lame est commandé de telle façon que la première meule à affûter quitte le contact de la première face de la lame après que ladite lame a effectué au moins un tour autour de son axe une fois que la seconde meule à affûter s'est écartée de la seconde face.
  31. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 30, caractérisé en ce que les inclinaisons de ladite première et de ladite seconde meules à affûter (83) sont égales et opposées par rapport à un plan de positionnement du bord coupant (203) de la lame (19), essentiellement perpendiculaire à l'axe de rotation (B-B) de la lame, et en ce que les inclinaisons desdites deux faces (207, 209) du biseau (205) de la lame par rapport au plan de positionnement (PG) du bord coupant de la lame sont différentes, la première face étant moins inclinée par rapport audit plan de positionnement que la seconde face, et en ce que lesdites meules à affûter produisent un bord coupant symétrique par rapport au plan de positionnement dudit bord coupant.
  32. Procédé selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que la différence d'inclinaison entre ladite première et ladite seconde faces est d'au moins 1° et, de préférence, entre environ 1,5° et environ 2,5°.
  33. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 32, caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise une première meule à affûter dotée d'un grain extrêmement fin, de 7 à 46 selon les normes ISO et, de préférence, d'environ 7.
  34. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 24 à 33, caractérisé en ce qu'il utilise une seconde meule à affûter dotée d'un grain fin, de 45 à 91 selon les normes ISO et, de préférence, de 70 à 80.
EP03772664A 2002-10-18 2003-10-15 Unité d'affûtage pour une lame en forme de disque, machine de coupe équipée d'une unité d'affûtage et procédé d'affûtage Expired - Lifetime EP1551604B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000197A ITFI20020197A1 (it) 2002-10-18 2002-10-18 Una macchina troncatrice con un gruppo di affilatura per una lama, metodo di affilatura e lama per detta macchina
ITFI20020197 2002-10-18
PCT/IT2003/000631 WO2004035273A1 (fr) 2002-10-18 2003-10-15 Machine de coupe equipee d'un unite d'affutage pour une lame, procede d'affutage et lame pour cette machine

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EP1551604A1 EP1551604A1 (fr) 2005-07-13
EP1551604B1 true EP1551604B1 (fr) 2006-05-31

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BR (1) BR0315497A (fr)
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AU2003279556A1 (en) 2004-05-04
ATE327869T1 (de) 2006-06-15
WO2004035273A1 (fr) 2004-04-29
EP1551604A1 (fr) 2005-07-13
BR0315497A (pt) 2005-08-23
US20060000312A1 (en) 2006-01-05
DE60305720T2 (de) 2006-11-23
CA2501183C (fr) 2011-04-05
ITFI20020197A1 (it) 2004-04-19
ES2264537T3 (es) 2007-01-01
DE60305720D1 (de) 2006-07-06
CA2501183A1 (fr) 2004-04-29

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