EP1558531A1 - Procede et reacteur pour l'adoucissement d'eau et l'elimination simultanee de substances polluantes - Google Patents

Procede et reacteur pour l'adoucissement d'eau et l'elimination simultanee de substances polluantes

Info

Publication number
EP1558531A1
EP1558531A1 EP03757920A EP03757920A EP1558531A1 EP 1558531 A1 EP1558531 A1 EP 1558531A1 EP 03757920 A EP03757920 A EP 03757920A EP 03757920 A EP03757920 A EP 03757920A EP 1558531 A1 EP1558531 A1 EP 1558531A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
water
plate
heating
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03757920A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Massoud Karimnia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1558531A1 publication Critical patent/EP1558531A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00—Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents
    • C02F5/02—Softening water by precipitation of the hardness
    • C02F5/025—Hot-water softening devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/74—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with air
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00—General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/02—Fluid flow conditions
    • C02F2301/024—Turbulent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
    • C02F2303/04—Disinfection
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
    • C02F2307/04—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a pitcher or jug
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
    • Y02W10/37—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies using solar energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for. Descaling 'water and removing pollutants at the same time, disinfecting and killing bacteria and permanent forms of parasites in a reactor with inlet and outlet according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • ion exchangers In the case of ion exchangers, calcium and magnesium ions are exchanged for other ions which are questioned in drinking water treatment because of their health effects, since they lower the pH value by releasing protons to the water. Added to this are the bacteriological concerns and the fact that they have to be regenerated with chemicals after exhaustion and thus pollute the environment.
  • a disadvantage of small devices that are used in households and decalcify water with the help of ion exchangers is, besides the reduction of the pH value below the set limit in the drinking water ordinance and fluctuation in performance, as well as the unreliability of their effectiveness during use of exhaustion is not possible.
  • ion exchangers are housed in exchangeable plastic cartridges in household appliances. It is reported that in drinking water treatment devices that are made of plastic, plasticizers are released through them into the water.
  • the object of the present invention is now to improve the method mentioned at the outset in such a way that it avoids the problems described and decalcify water without great expenditure on equipment and maintenance, and at the same time eliminates pollutants from the water. niert and cause the disinfection and killing of permanent forms of parasites.
  • Another goal is to define the lime-carbonic acid equilibrium and to set it beforehand in such a way as to prevent incrustation (so-called fouling) of the installations.
  • Limescale deposits should also detach from the heat transfer surfaces in both continuous and discontinuous reactor devices and should not lead to permanent incrustation.
  • the task and the objective are achieved in terms of the procedure by the method characterized in claim 1 or by the reactor according to claim 2.
  • the plate (s) used in the reactor with air gassing converts the laminar flow into a turbulent and convective flow.
  • this turbulence is directed as close as possible to the phase interface (reactor wall), in order to increase the mass transfer there and to accelerate the heterogeneous nucleation, since in the case of heterogeneous nucleation, the critical nucleation work and thus the nucleus radius are reduced due to the surface energy of the alien phase , For this reason, heterogeneous and secondary nucleation take place with lower supersaturation.
  • the plate (s) offers further areas for preferred heterogeneous nucleation.
  • the crystallization of hardness formers in water is the precipitation crystallization.
  • crystallization in precipitation crystals on only with higher supersaturation and the heterogeneous plays a larger role than the homogeneous nucleation.
  • the nucleation and crystal growth are also promoted by the appropriate material and rough mass transfer area between the reactor wall and water. It is reported that gas bubbles as foreign particles also support heterogeneous nucleation.
  • the invention also takes advantage of the property of the gases that on the one hand their solubility in water decreases as the temperature rises and on the other hand gases can be expelled mechanically from the water with the aid of a stripping gas.
  • an increase in temperature coupled with gassing leads to more effective outgassing of volatile and medium-volatile compounds, lime precipitation, precipitation of certain salts and oxidation of oxidizable substances.
  • Atmospheric oxygen is known to be an oxidizing agent and is often used to treat drinking water.
  • the method according to the invention also makes use of the possibility of better heat transfer, chemical reactions at elevated temperatures and pH increase, and convective mixing through gassing with air and the boiling process if the water heats up to the boil should be.
  • the speed of nucleation, crystal growth during precipitation crystallization and other reactions within the treatment room depend on various parameters. Among them are Supersaturation of the precipitated salts, foreign particles in the water, desorption of the resulting gas, the material of the reactor (surface energy and wettability) and the surface structure (roughness) of the mass transfer surface and finally the flow velocity of the water at the phase interface, which enables more intensive surface renewal at the phase interfaces ,
  • the nucleation work on areas with good wettability by water is reduced.
  • the reason is that such a material forms a small contact angle with the water drop.
  • the nucleation on these surfaces or the contact angle between the water and the material surface also depend to a large extent on the roughness of the reactor and plate surface. If a smooth surface can be wetted relatively well, the wettability is further improved by dewatering. Very important when roughening, however, the microscopic and less the macroscopic roughness.
  • turboidal turbid substances in the water e.g. humic substances
  • gases, volatile and medium-volatile substances other than carbon dioxide, such as Chlorine, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and other organic substances that have a higher vapor pressure than water, including volatile organic hydrocarbons (LHKW), by-products of the chlorination of water, etc., which occur as water contamination are removed from the water.
  • volatile organic hydrocarbons LHKW
  • this plate / s Another function of this plate / s is that the limescale deposits by intensive mixing and possibly boiling the water do not form vertically growing crystals, but layer crystals with a lower adhesive strength.
  • turbulent flow as is well known, strong, locally acting increases in the liquid velocity in the vicinity of the surfaces occur in the form of various eddies (so-called bursts).
  • bursts eddies
  • the layer crystals are removed as platelets and released into water. This is irrespective of whether the reactor is heated by direct or indirect heating. This prevents calcification of the reactor and heat transfer due to calcification of the heating surface is not reduced.
  • the simplest embodiment of this device according to the invention is a discontinuously operated device or reactor which is operated with the aid of a external energy source is heated and ventilated from below.
  • a plate at a distance from the floor for guiding the flow and increasing turbulence is not attached to the reactor wall, but to the cover of the treatment room.
  • the plate is arranged horizontally and centrally so that the above conditions are optimized.
  • the plate has a perforated border and therefore also has the function of collecting and retaining the missing residues on the plate. When the water is poured out, the residues remain on the plate (s) and the water on the plate (s) can leak through holes, so that there is no water on the plate (s) when the plate (s) is removed.
  • the treatment room In order to reduce the volume of the water remaining in the treatment room, the treatment room is somewhat narrowed at the bottom during discontinuous operation. Even in the case of small reactors, the water may only be removed from the treatment room through the outlet, otherwise the residues and water will mix.
  • the water treated in this way can be removed from the treatment room immediately after the treatment, or it may only be necessary to remove it after cooling in the treatment room, since compounds at low temperatures often have a lower solubility.
  • the use of the plate (s) with simultaneous heating contributes to the fact that an intensive partial mixing takes place below the plate (s).
  • the heating generally causes a flow with increasing diffusion speed in the water, which results in a mixing of the water.
  • the air entry not only accelerates the desorption of the carbon dioxide, but also contributes to the homogeneous macro and micro mixing of the water. Micro-mixing plays a particularly important role in precipitation crystallization.
  • the last step can be carried out in a further simple bubble column with ventilation and without additional heating, where a larger material transfer due to the missing plate (s) than the first reactor (Fig. 8). It is also possible to work with a larger air throughput than in the first reactor.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view through a reactor according to the invention in its simplest embodiment, which has a gassing device.
  • Fig. 2 schematic cross-sectional views of two further to 3 reactors according to the invention with their own electrical direct and indirect heating devices and external gassing.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of another
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of another
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of yet another embodiment of a reactor according to the invention for discontinuous operation with several plates and additional lateral heating;
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of yet another embodiment of a double-walled reactor according to the invention for continuous operation with several plates;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic representation of yet another embodiment of a reactor according to the invention with several plates, lateral heating and a downstream bubble column for continuous operation;
  • Fig. 1 shows the simplest embodiment of the reactor, which consists of the following parts: the treatment room 1, cover 2, the rods 3 that connect the plate 4 to the cover, perforated border 5, the air distributor 6, the ventilation pump 7, the is connected to the distributor via a check valve 8, the activated carbon filter 10 and can be heated from below with the aid of external energy sources 11.
  • Fig. 2 u. 3 shows two further reactors with their own electric heating 11 and electric controller 12 and a housing as a stand, which either indirectly or directly heat the water and, by increasing the distance of the treatment room from the floor, make it easier for the water to be poured out through the outlet.
  • the air on the suction side can be passed through an activated carbon filter 10 in order to prevent the water from being contaminated by any pollutants in the air introduced.
  • aeration pump 7, activated carbon filter 10, heating 11 and controller 12 are all integrated in housing 13 under the treatment room.
  • a bimetal is not provided for regulating the power supply in the reactors according to the invention, as is customary in the case of kettles, but rather an electronic controller which regulates the output of the heating as desired.
  • heat is interrupted when the water reaches a certain temperature.
  • the water may need a longer period of uninterrupted energy supply for effective treatment, so that it cannot be regulated with bimetal.
  • the medium needs less energy to keep its temperature constant at a certain level.
  • the control can be carried out manually or automatically according to a schedule.
  • the standards for larger reactors for discontinuous operation can be observed while observing the above. Optimizations can be enlarged as required, additionally heated laterally and the number of plates can be increased. In order to save energy, the treatment room can also be provided with insulating material, thereby reducing heat loss.
  • the reactor has an additional outlet valve 9 for sludge removal and an inclined bottom 14 at the lowest point of the treatment room.
  • a larger discontinuous reactor can be equipped with several plates with a border, which can be heated not only from the bottom, but also from the side, or can be double-walled (Fig. 6 and 7).
  • the system consists of a reactor and a bubble column, where the water after treatment in the first reactor is only further aerated here (Fig.8) and a sedimentation basin (Fig.9).
  • the inside of the reactor is equipped with several plates horizontally centered or offset and can be double-walled and additionally heated from the side. It is also irrelevant here whether the heating is carried out directly or indirectly. With direct heating are the opposite for the above-mentioned laid-open publication DE 19727357 A1, the heating rods are not arranged obliquely, but horizontally and in the lower region of the plates. In this reactor the water is heated to the desired temperature and aerated at the same time.
  • the water enters a bubble column, where the water is only aerated, and finally there is a sedimentation basin, which is also a heat exchanger.
  • the water reaches the consumer from there and the sediments are drawn off through the drain valve. If for some reason the use of a bubble column is not possible, the process can be carried out without it, but with a somewhat longer residence time in the first reactor (see Fig.10).
  • the continuously operating reactor can also only be used to reduce lime or adjust the lime-carbonic acid equilibrium in water to be set at the respective temperature, in order to avoid calcifications in installations.
  • the pollutants that can occur in the water are very numerous, and all of these cannot be removed from the water without the addition of chemicals using the aforementioned process. In order that other pollutants can be removed from the water at elevated temperature according to the invention, it is sometimes necessary to use chemicals or other gases for this purpose.
  • iron and aluminum chloride are used for water treatment to eliminate phosphates, humic substances, colloids and heavy metals. These form microflakes in the water at room temperature with intensive stirring, which absorb these pollutants in the form of hydroxo complexes and so on withdraw from the water. These microflakes are difficult to sediment at normal room temperature ranges. In order to produce removable macro flakes from micro flakes, additional polymers (flocculation aids) are required. A production of liquid polymers and their addition together with iron and. Aluminum chloride with precisely calculated stirring intensities is very complex and difficult, so that it can only be used for larger water and wastewater treatment plants (e.g. in the so-called third cleaning stage or simultaneous precipitation of municipal sewage treatment plants).
  • flocculants dissolve completely in water only at higher temperatures and mix ideally in the water without great effort.
  • mixing also takes place automatically by heating the water.
  • these initially form micro- and after further cooling also without flocculants, macro-flakes that settle easily.
  • This process does not only require an intensive stirring process, but also the use of polymers. In this way, these chemicals can also be used very effectively and inexpensively in smaller reactors without the aid of stirrers, etc. This process runs even better through ventilation, so that from temperatures of approx. 30 ° C large and easily sedimentable flakes are formed, which fail after ventilation and cooling have been switched off.
  • This method is particularly suitable for the treatment of large quantities of water and waste water for warm regions, where the water can easily be brought to high temperatures with the help of solar energy.
  • a further device when the reaction is carried out batchwise.
  • a sloping sedimentation basin and a second drain valve in addition to the residues on the plate, which are disposed of externally, residues under the plate can also be removed from below. Ventilation takes place through a valve and chemicals are added manually to the treatment room (see Fig. 6).
  • the chemical thermal process can be carried out without further ado in the continuous plant according to the invention and a metering pump is used for metering chemicals.
  • these or other chemicals and gases can be added to the water as required.
  • the thermal reactor according to the invention is a high-performance reactor for carrying out chemical reactions at higher temperatures, in particular in dilute solutions with a small proportion of reactants, which can also be used in other areas of chemical reaction control.
  • the treatment room can be heated not only electrically, but also by changing it with the help of fossil or renewable energy sources.
  • the reactor according to the invention for the treatment of water can generally be used for decentralized drinking water treatment for consumers and especially in regions without an electrical power connection and disaster areas.
  • Batteries are used because the air pumps have a very low power requirement.
  • reactor and the plate (s) have different shapes, such as round and cylindrical,
  • hot steam or hot oil is used as the heating source for heating the double-walled reactor

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Water By Oxidation Or Reduction (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un réacteur destinés à l'adoucissement d'eau et à l'élimination simultanée de substances polluantes, ainsi qu'à la désinfection et à la destruction de formes résistantes de parasites. Les procédés actuels génèrent des dépenses relativement importantes en termes d'équipements et d'énergie et les résultats obtenus sont souvent insuffisants. Les améliorations apportées par l'invention se caractérisent en ce que l'eau est directement ou indirectement chauffée dans la chambre de traitement, en ce qu'une ou plusieurs plaques horizontales pourvues de bords perforés pour dévier le flux d'eau et recueillir les résidus sont fixées dans la zone inférieure du réacteur à distance du fond et de la paroi latérale de celui-ci et en ce qu'un dispositif d'injection de gaz est placé à l'extérieur du réacteur, ce dispositif comprenant une conduite pourvue d'un répartiteur de gaz, laquelle débouche au centre du réacteur sous la ou les plaques. Lorsque le réacteur fonctionne de façon discontinue, l'évacuation se trouve entre le fond du réacteur et la ou les plaques, tandis qu'en cas de fonctionnement continu du réacteur, l'évacuation est située au-dessus de la ou des plaques.
EP03757920A 2002-10-12 2003-10-07 Procede et reacteur pour l'adoucissement d'eau et l'elimination simultanee de substances polluantes Withdrawn EP1558531A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2002147686 DE10247686B3 (de) 2002-10-12 2002-10-12 Reaktor zum Entkalken und gleichzeitigem Entfernen von Schadstoffen
DE10247686 2002-10-12
PCT/EP2003/011076 WO2004035487A1 (fr) 2002-10-12 2003-10-07 Procede et reacteur pour l'adoucissement d'eau et l'elimination simultanee de substances polluantes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1558531A1 true EP1558531A1 (fr) 2005-08-03

Family

ID=32038587

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03757920A Withdrawn EP1558531A1 (fr) 2002-10-12 2003-10-07 Procede et reacteur pour l'adoucissement d'eau et l'elimination simultanee de substances polluantes

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20060151401A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1558531A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006502845A (fr)
CN (1) CN1703376A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003273955A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0314968A (fr)
CA (1) CA2498850A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10247686B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004035487A1 (fr)

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DE102005003064B4 (de) * 2005-01-22 2007-01-18 Karimnia, Massoud, Dr.-Ing. Reaktor und Verfahren zum Entkalken von Wasser und gleichzeitigem Entfernen von Schadstoffen
US20090101556A1 (en) * 2006-03-27 2009-04-23 Massoud Karimnia Reactor and method for decalcifying water and simultaneous removal of pollutants
DE102008020586A1 (de) * 2008-04-24 2009-10-29 Kaltenbach & Voigt Gmbh Gerät und Verfahren zum Desinfizieren, Sterilisieren und/oder Pflegen von ärztlichen, insbesondere zahnärztlichen Instrumenten
US10138141B2 (en) * 2011-09-23 2018-11-27 Microdrop Aqua Aps Method and device for blowing off gaseous contaminants from crude water in the production of drinking water
CN104402157A (zh) * 2014-10-17 2015-03-11 苏州新协力环保科技有限公司 一种用于化学废水的臭氧化处理方法
CN104591463B (zh) * 2015-01-19 2016-06-01 重庆华绿环保科技发展有限责任公司 榨菜生产废水处理方法
CN107892346A (zh) * 2017-12-27 2018-04-10 宜春学院 一种工艺水处理器用反应器
CN108815888B (zh) * 2018-06-06 2021-05-18 界首市众鑫科技服务有限公司 一种用于处理沉淀法制备白炭黑工艺废水的沉淀池
CN109231624A (zh) * 2018-09-05 2019-01-18 杨心亭 一种生活污水处理装置
CN114383978B (zh) * 2021-12-30 2024-01-26 安徽理工大学 Co2-水-煤系统煤岩组分接触角测试装置及方法

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20060151401A1 (en) 2006-07-13
AU2003273955A1 (en) 2004-05-04
JP2006502845A (ja) 2006-01-26
DE10247686B3 (de) 2004-04-22
BR0314968A (pt) 2005-08-02
CA2498850A1 (fr) 2004-04-29
WO2004035487A1 (fr) 2004-04-29
CN1703376A (zh) 2005-11-30

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