EP1570281A1 - Proc d pour pr voir la tension d'une batterie - Google Patents

Proc d pour pr voir la tension d'une batterie

Info

Publication number
EP1570281A1
EP1570281A1 EP03757996A EP03757996A EP1570281A1 EP 1570281 A1 EP1570281 A1 EP 1570281A1 EP 03757996 A EP03757996 A EP 03757996A EP 03757996 A EP03757996 A EP 03757996A EP 1570281 A1 EP1570281 A1 EP 1570281A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
filt
battery
pol
filtered
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03757996A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Richard Bopp
Armin KLÖPFER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1570281A1 publication Critical patent/EP1570281A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
    • G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
    • G01R31/3842—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC combining voltage and current measurements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for predicting a voltage of a battery, in particular a vehicle battery.
  • this object is achieved by a method for predicting a voltage of a battery with the features according to claim 1. Further advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.
  • the method according to the invention for predicting a voltage of a battery now enables timely detection of critical battery states, in particular critical on-board electrical system states in the vehicle, and initiation of countermeasures, such as a consumer shutdown or an increase in the engine speed.
  • Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to the invention for predicting a voltage of a battery U j pred
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of a subroutine "calculation of the polarization voltage U_pol" from FIG. 1,
  • Fig. 3 is a flowchart of a subroutine "filtering the polarization voltage U_pol" from Fig. 1 and
  • a first step S1 current battery data, such as, for example, the battery voltage U_batt, the battery current I_batt, the battery temperature T_batt and the dynamic internal resistance Rdi of the battery are recorded or queried by external detection and calculation devices.
  • the battery voltage U_batt, the battery current I_batt and the battery temperature T_batt are detected by sensors and transmitted to a control device or queried by the control device which carries out the method according to the invention for predicting the voltage of a battery.
  • the dynamic internal resistance Rdi is calculated by a known routine and the calculation result is likewise transmitted to the control device or queried by the control device.
  • Such a method for calculating the dynamic internal resistance Rdi is known, for example, from DE 102 08 020 AI, in which the value obtained for the dynamic internal resistance is already filtered.
  • the values for the battery voltage U_batt, the battery current I_batt, the battery temperature T_batt and the dynamic internal resistance Rdi are transmitted to the control device at predetermined intervals t, for example every 50 ms, or are queried by the control device. With the recorded values of the battery current I_batt, negative values mean a discharge and positive values mean a charge of the battery.
  • step S2 It is then checked in a step S2 whether this functional sequence is a first sequence. For this purpose, the status of a bit is checked, which at a the first functional sequence is set and is reset with each restart. If the bit is set, that is to say a functional sequence (steps S1 to S12) has already taken place, the sequence proceeds to step S3. Otherwise, the process proceeds directly to step S5, so that a quick prediction of the voltage of the battery is possible immediately after the restart.
  • step S3 it is determined whether a time Tx, here 500 ms, has already expired, i.e. after 500 ms, the process proceeds to step S4, otherwise the process returns to step S1.
  • the battery voltage U_batt and the battery current I_batt are filtered in a step S4 by means of a low-pass filter.
  • the filtering determines a filtered battery voltage value U_filt and filtered battery current value I_filt from the battery voltage U_batt and the battery current I_batt, from which the ripple is filtered out.
  • the filtered battery voltage value U_filt and the filtered battery current value I_filt after the low-pass filtering result from the following equations:
  • U_filt (t n ) (U_batt - U_filt (tn-i)) * (1 - exp (-t / T)) + + U_filt (t n- ⁇ )
  • I_filt (t n ) (I_batt - I_filt (t n - ⁇ )) * (1 - exp (-t / T)) + + I_filt (t n-1 )
  • T is a filter constant that is selected, for example, as 500 ms, while t is an interval in which a set of values is read out in each case and that is, for example, 50 ms.
  • the input variables are read into the low-pass filter as quickly as possible, provided the values are valid, i.e. the hardware for recording the battery voltage U_batt and the battery current I_batt must supply valid values.
  • the function for predicting a voltage of a battery is called for the first time, for example after a period Tx, i.e. in the example 500 ms a quick prediction is carried out.
  • the filtering by the low pass is not included, i.e. steps S3 and S4 are skipped in the first function call. In the first 5 seconds after this function call, for example, all time constants are set to 1 second, since this enables the method to settle quickly.
  • the calculation of the predicted battery voltage U_pred i.e. the functional sequence takes place after a period T, i.e. in the example after 500 ms.
  • the prediction of the predicted battery voltage U_pred is only carried out if the battery current I_batt is greater than the predetermined load current I_pred to which the prediction is based.
  • a predetermined tolerance Toi for example of 5A, is permitted.
  • a calculation for a battery current I_batt less than I_pred is not necessary since the current voltage drop would then be greater than a voltage drop to be predicted. Therefore, the flow then returns to step S1.
  • step S5 It is thus checked in step S5 whether the following conditions required for performing the calculation of the predicted battery voltage U_pred are met: I_filt> (I_pred - Toi) and
  • the second-mentioned condition is also queried here, since larger currents are reached during a starting process, but a calculation would otherwise be permitted due to the filter. However, such errors should be excluded.
  • step S5 If it is recognized in step S5 that the conditions listed above are not met, the prediction of the predicted battery voltage Ujpred is not carried out and the process returns to step S1.
  • step S6 an ohmic voltage drop across the dynamic internal resistance Rdi is then calculated in step S6.
  • the voltage drop U_ri resulting from the predetermined load current I_pred at the dynamic internal resistance Rdi is calculated from the filtered battery current and internal resistance values (I_filt and Rdi) in accordance with the following formula:
  • the predetermined load current I_pred is always a discharge current, it must also be used negatively.
  • the range of values for the predetermined load current I_pred is, for example, between -80A and -150A.
  • a polarization voltage U_pol is then calculated in a step S7.
  • the subroutine for calculating the polarization voltage in step S7 is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.
  • the polarization voltage U_pol has several chemical causes, ie it consists of several partial voltages. These partial voltages include a breakdown voltage or activation voltage, a crystallization on voltage and a diffusion voltage.
  • the breakdown voltage arises from the fact that the local distribution of the ions first has to build up when the current changes, but this does not happen as quickly as the current sets in, and the distribution of the charged particles on the surface is comparable to a capacitor.
  • the crystallization voltage is the voltage required to detach molecules on the surface of the electrode from their assembly and make them accessible for a reaction.
  • the diffusion voltage is the voltage required to remove the reaction products from the electrode surface.
  • the polarization voltage U_pol as a whole can be described precisely enough by two simple reciprocal functions.
  • the polarization voltage U_pol can be determined as follows, distinguishing in each case whether the battery is being charged, i.e. I_filt> 0, or the battery is discharged, i.e. I_filt ⁇ 0.
  • step S7-1 it is therefore first decided in a step S7-1 whether the filtered battery current I_filt is greater than zero.
  • step S7-2a or S7-2b the polarization voltage U_pol is calculated according to the following formula:
  • U_pol (U_pol_0 + (ki_lad * I_filt / (ik_lad + l_filt))) * K.
  • Kx in the above equations is a correction factor that is 1 when the predetermined load current I_pred is -100A while it is for a predetermined load current I_pred in the range between -80A to -150A results from (1- (I_pred + 100) / 100 * 0, 2). It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that if a load current range deviating from this load current range is desired, a corresponding, adjusted correction value can be determined.
  • U_pol_0, ki_lad, ik_lad, ki_ela and ik_ela are predetermined parameters.
  • U__pol__0 can be 0.7V at 0 ° C.
  • the temperature dependency is - 9mV / ° C. This results in:
  • ik_lad and ik_ela are empirical parameters that describe the curvature of the curve of the polarization voltage U_pol as a function of the filtered battery current I_filt. 4 shows such a curve profile for different battery temperatures T_batt.
  • the value for ik_lad can be 80A and the value for ik_ela can be 20A.
  • a correction factor K 2 must be taken into account when loading, since very large overvoltages can occur during loading, which would be too large for a calculation. Through this correction or Compensation factor K 2 , these voltages can also be calculated.
  • the polarization voltage U_pol is filtered, this filtering preferably being carried out by two low-pass filters, one for a rapidly settling part U_pol_fast_roh of U_pol and one for a slowly settling part U_pol_slow_roh share of U_pol.
  • step S8-1 the polarization voltage U_pol is divided into the still unfiltered raw values of the polarization voltage U_pol_fast_roh and U_pol_slow_roh. Then, in step S8-2, these two polarization voltage components U_pol_fast_roh and U_pol_slow_roh are filtered by means of two low-pass filters.
  • U_pol_fast_filt (t n ) (U_pol_fast_roh - Upol_fast_filt (t n - ⁇ ) *
  • U_pol_slow_filt (t n ) (U_pol_slow_roh - Upol_slow_filt (t n _ ⁇ ) *
  • step S8-3 the filtered values of the two polarization voltage components U_pol_fast_filt and U_pol_slow_filt are then added in order to obtain a filtered polarization voltage U_pol_filt.
  • the predicted battery voltage U_pred is then calculated from the voltage values for the filtered battery voltage U_filt, the ohmic voltage drop U_ri and the filtered polarization voltage U_pol_filt determined in steps S4, S6 and S7 and S8:
  • the predicted battery voltage U_pred determined in this way in step S9 is still limited upwards and downwards in step S10, for example by specifying the maximum value U_pred_max 12.5V and the minimum value U_pred_min 10V.
  • An upper limit is not absolutely necessary, since there the battery charge is sufficient in any case; the- in the preferred exemplary embodiment, the maximum value U_pred_max is also set to a value close to a normal value of a full battery in the idle state.
  • the downward limitation by a minimum value U_pred_min is necessary in any case, since the battery has aged, discharged from this voltage value in such a way that it is no longer possible to reliably predict the battery voltage from this threshold value due to an exponentially falling voltage.
  • step S11 the predicted battery voltage is then filtered in a further step S11, the time constant T of this filter being 3 minutes for both negative and positive current values.
  • This further filtering in step S11 filters out jumps that occur as a result of a switch from loading to unloading.
  • U_pred_filt (t n ) (U_pred_roh - U_pred_filt (t n- ⁇ )) * T +
  • T is selected as 3 minutes, for example.
  • step S12 a check is carried out in step S12 as to whether the bit that indicates whether a first function call has already been set is set. If it is not set, this bit is set and then the process returns to step S1. Otherwise, the process returns directly to step S1.
  • the present invention discloses a method for predicting a voltage of a battery, in particular a vehicle battery.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to predict a voltage drop before it actually occurs due to a load.
  • a filtered battery voltage and a filtered battery current are first determined from battery data, such as battery voltage, battery current, battery temperature and dynamic internal resistance.
  • An ohmic voltage drop over the dynamic internal resistance is determined from a differential current between the filtered battery current and a predetermined load current.
  • a polarization voltage is calculated as a function of the filtered battery current, which is then filtered.
  • a predicted battery voltage is calculated from the filtered battery voltage minus the ohmic voltage drop and the filtered polarization voltage. Based on this predicted battery voltage, further measures can be decided.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé servant à prévoir la tension d'une batterie, notamment d'une batterie de véhicule. Le procédé selon l'invention permet de prévoir une chute de tension avant que cette chute de tension n'apparaisse effectivement en raison d'une charge. A cet effet, on détermine d'abord, à partir de données de la batterie, comme la tension de la batterie, le courant de la batterie, la température de la batterie et la résistance interne dynamique, une tension de batterie filtrée et un courant de batterie filtré. On détermine ensuite, à partir d'un courant différentiel entre le courant de batterie filtré et un courant de charge prédéfini, une chute de tension ohmique dans la résistance interne dynamique. On calcule en outre une tension de polarisation en tant que fonction du courant de batterie filtré, cette tension étant ensuite filtrée. On calcule une tension de batterie prévue à partir de la tension de batterie filtrée en soustrayant la chute de tension ohmique et la tension de polarisation filtrée. On peut alors décider d'autres mesures en fonction de cette tension de batterie prévue.
EP03757996A 2002-12-09 2003-10-16 Proc d pour pr voir la tension d'une batterie Withdrawn EP1570281A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10257588A DE10257588B3 (de) 2002-12-09 2002-12-09 Verfahren zur Vorhersage einer Spannung einer Batterie
DE10257588 2002-12-09
PCT/EP2003/011484 WO2004053509A1 (fr) 2002-12-09 2003-10-16 Procédé pour prévoir la tension d'une batterie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1570281A1 true EP1570281A1 (fr) 2005-09-07

Family

ID=32477501

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03757996A Withdrawn EP1570281A1 (fr) 2002-12-09 2003-10-16 Proc d pour pr voir la tension d'une batterie

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7332892B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1570281A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006509205A (fr)
DE (1) DE10257588B3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004053509A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2006509205A (ja) 2006-03-16
US7332892B2 (en) 2008-02-19
WO2004053509A1 (fr) 2004-06-24
DE10257588B3 (de) 2004-10-21
US20060055373A1 (en) 2006-03-16

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