EP1581702A1 - Bloc moule composite - Google Patents

Bloc moule composite

Info

Publication number
EP1581702A1
EP1581702A1 EP03799445A EP03799445A EP1581702A1 EP 1581702 A1 EP1581702 A1 EP 1581702A1 EP 03799445 A EP03799445 A EP 03799445A EP 03799445 A EP03799445 A EP 03799445A EP 1581702 A1 EP1581702 A1 EP 1581702A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
support body
top plate
binder
composite molded
composite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03799445A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Sievers
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1581702A1 publication Critical patent/EP1581702A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/02172—Floor elements with an anti-skid main surface, other than with grooves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/04—Paving elements consisting of natural stones and a binder
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612—Composite web or sheet

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a Nerbundformstein produced by applying a top plate as a cover layer on a support body provided with a binder, produced by a molding process and a method for producing such Nerbundformstein.
  • Shaped stones and in particular paving stones / paving elements, terrace and sidewalk slabs are known in many different forms. They are used for the design of gardens, as well as for the attachment of walkable and passable areas.
  • Natural stones are unique optical pieces with a long lifespan and high prestige, features that cannot be achieved with industrially manufactured concrete or artificial stone in the surface.
  • the advantages of a natural stone are the high aesthetic value, the great variety of materials and the rich selection of colors, structures and quality.
  • paving natural stone as a floor has the disadvantage, in some cases, of using poorer usable areas with less resilience than concrete or cast stone.
  • laying can often only be carried out by specialists and not by machine. The following can therefore be mentioned as disadvantages: the high material and labor costs, and the often lacking craftsmanship to process the natural stone properly.
  • Concrete stones are made from cement, quartz sand and aggregates. They are manufactured industrially and can be produced inexpensively and in large quantities and with low manufacturing tolerances in any desired form. They have the advantage over sawn, smooth-walled natural stones that the flank surfaces (side surfaces) and the laying side (foot side) are rough due to production, which results in a better "claw" in the laying bed and in the availability. You can do this by changing the material thickness and joint geometry Concrete or concrete building blocks can be laid easily and quickly by machine or by assistants and do-it-yourselfers. In contrast to natural stone products, the above-mentioned properties enable inexpensive, optimal technical usable areas to be produced even for the highest loads.
  • the desired natural stone appearance is usually only insufficiently achieved by structuring and coloring the concrete or cast stone surfaces.
  • the surfaces usually become dirty very quickly or at least faster and, depending on their use, therefore often have a significantly shorter lifespan of only about 10 to 15 years.
  • EP 0 717 147-A1 describes a composite stone made of concrete element with a trough-shaped recess and a natural stone slab with a stepped underside.
  • the natural stone slab has to be milled out or exposed to another material-removing processing step. Such processing steps cannot be carried out with the required precision, which on the other hand makes it necessary to overdose the amount of adhesive because this cannot be determined exactly. Excess adhesive slows down the setting process and, above all, complicates the exact positioning of the natural stone slab relative to the concrete element.
  • Natural stones have a different thermal expansion and water absorption capacity than concrete. When installed outdoors, these materials are exposed to extreme weather conditions such as high temperature differences, frost / thaw cycles and permanent wetness for decades. Consequently, the adhesive layer of a composite material, such as a composite material made of natural stone and concrete, must be able to permanently compensate for the elastic, tensile, shear and compressive forces resulting from the different expansion coefficients of the two materials and the mechanical loads. Furthermore, the adhesive layer must not swell or lose its adhesiveness due to permanent moisture or wetness, in order to guarantee a permanent connection of even the most diverse materials over decades.
  • the present invention has set itself the task of using the advantages of a concrete material and at the same time eliminating their disadvantages, but in particular to provide shaped stones with top surfaces of high aesthetic value in a rich variety of colors and structures.
  • the invention relates to a composite molded block produced by applying a top plate as a cover layer to a support body provided with a binder compound and produced by a molding process.
  • the top plate and the support body are provided over the top surface of the support body and are permanently bonded to a paste-like and solidified, preferably mineral-containing binder, the
  • Head surface of the support body for optimal absorption of the binder preferably has a circumferential edge and the head surface is additionally structured in a defined manner.
  • the top plate is preferably 0.5 to 3 cm thick.
  • the top and bottom surfaces of the top plate are preferably made plane-parallel over the entire surface.
  • the support body preferably has a thickness of 2 to 16 cm, but can also be up to 20 cm thick, for example, and can be produced in a wide variety of volume dimensions, but preferably has an essentially cuboid shape, with head and
  • Base surface of the support body preferably form substantially plane-parallel surfaces.
  • the side surfaces are preferably oriented approximately perpendicular to the head surface.
  • the binder mass forms an intermediate layer which is essentially externally delimited on all sides by the support body and the top plate.
  • the side surfaces of the composite molded block according to the invention can have cams (bulges) and additionally recesses, in particular in the region of the support body, so that the cams of a composite molded block when laid in
  • cams Engage the composite in corresponding recesses in adjacent composite form systems as side teeth. Are corresponding recesses to the If there is no intervention, the cams act as a spacer when laying in a network and as a transport lock.
  • the support body has cams on all corners, which provide additional support on the structurally weakest
  • the cams preferably have a semicircular shape when viewed from above, act as a spacer in combination to form a uniform joint pattern and protect the corners.
  • the side toothing can form positive connections in connection with the aforementioned "corner formations", which are made over a large area or by means of interlocking toothing elements, for example in the form of form-fitting interlocking spacers on the side walls.
  • the spacers can provide spaces or joints between the laid paving stones be created that secure wedging or interlocking between the
  • cams and the additional recesses also make it easier to lay them together, ensure even spacing between the joints, durable availability and additional stability in the pavement.
  • the high resistance to twisting / tilting is particularly advantageous in traffic areas with high horizontal loads (inclines or the like).
  • the toothing ensures a better overall connection of the installed surface compared to materials where no toothing is provided.
  • the toothing is preferably designed in such a way that at the same time this results in the distance for the subsequent joint of the laid surface and also acts as a transport lock.
  • the cams can be made over the entire height of the support body, if necessary they even extend over the total height of the support body in the direction of the
  • Upper plate for example 1 to 6 mm, preferably 2 to 4 mm, above the total height of the support body, and then preferably serve as a lateral stop and for centering the upper plate.
  • the part protruding above the total height is preferably beveled, preferably at an angle of 40 to 60 degrees, so that it is not visible in the joint pattern.
  • the spacer has an angular shape in this part which is raised above the bearing surface, the shorter leg of the angular shape preferably lying flat against the top plate.
  • the support body preferably has spacers (cams) on the side surfaces. These spacers are arranged vertically at various points on the outer surface so that the composite blocks can be laid in different formations (such as a runner, cross or herringbone form).
  • the spacers are designed depending on the dimensions of the composite molded block, its height and the intended use in different thickness, width and shape.
  • the spacers prevent the top plates from bumping against each other, both during transport and during installation, and ensure that a minimum joint dimension is maintained and that the joints are properly filled when installed.
  • the spacers / cams can also be designed so that they are provided with a predetermined breaking point. This ensures that the desired joint width is created during installation, but at the same time prevents concrete from bumping into concrete. Rather, the spacers break when loads occur at the predetermined breaking point and the joint filling material takes over the functions of the power transmission and the buffering effect, as designed.
  • the support body forms the lower base layer of the composite block in the position of use.
  • the support body is preferably made of concrete, but can be made of other suitable materials, such as plastic, metal, wood, clay / ceramic or hybrid mixtures or sandwich construction.
  • the support body gives the top plate the required resistance to breakage and use, in particular compressive and bending tensile strength, and is preferably selected so that its material value is significantly less expensive than the top plate material.
  • the support body is made from a pourable, pourable, or free-flowing material through a molding process.
  • the support body can be shaped so that several support bodies or composite molded blocks can be stacked one inside the other, which saves transport and storage costs.
  • the support body can also be provided with cavities in which supply lines, lighting elements / lighting bodies and heat transfer media can also be accommodated, if necessary.
  • the support body can be cut to the desired final thickness on the foot side by sawing, calibrating or other processing. Under- Different thicknesses of the support body can arise if the top plates have different thicknesses.
  • the support body can also be made from plastic material, in particular from recycled plastic waste material.
  • Composite molded block consisting of a plastic layer, intermediate layer and mineral top plate is then, despite essentially the same technical values in terms of compressive strength and bending tensile strength, many times lighter than conventional mineral molded bodies.
  • the plastic material used can be made from mixed plastic fractions which are either pre-pelleted as so-called pellets for further processing or mixed via a so-called impact reactor or otherwise prepared for injection molding.
  • the core can also be made from sorted or unsorted plastic waste. The different geometric shapes of the
  • Support bodies can be manufactured using "simple” and inexpensive injection molds, which additionally makes the shape overall less expensive than coverings made of natural stone.
  • an appropriate contrasting shape can be inserted into the base of the plastic support body in order to achieve a closed installation surface.
  • This contrasting form can be produced in a force-fitting manner in such a way that an airtight space is created which provides an insulation effect which, in the event of suitable weather, reduces the formation of frost on the top of the plate and thus, among other things, the risk of accidents.
  • Cavities in the support body can be heated by suitable measures; for this purpose it is possible to provide the opposing shape with heating wires, for example, or to heat it up differently; the necessary energy can be supplied using suitable plug-in systems that are connected to each other; the coverings can thus be heated cheaply and effectively.
  • a lighting device can be introduced into the plastic core and the core itself and the o Mineral material top plates can be designed so that they are translucent.
  • the geometric shape of the plastic core makes it possible to minimize the thermal expansion of the plastic core.
  • the finished covering has significant advantages over conventional coverings for larger installation heights (from 3 cm) in that it is lighter and sawing and drilling and other machining operations are easier and less costly to carry out. Furthermore, it conveys a more pleasant feeling of walking compared to coverings made exclusively from mineral materials.
  • cement paste cement + water
  • the concrete can be poured into any shape and structure or shaken / pressed.
  • the support body After hardening, the support body usually has a compressive strength of 25 N / mm to well over 60 N / mm 2 .
  • Grains made from natural and / or artificial mineral substances are used, e.g. Different sized grains of sand, gravel, grit, gravel, expanded clay or expanded slate (light concrete), slags and / or iron oxide.
  • (Color) pigments Concrete sealants, solidification accelerators, solidification retarders; Stabilizers, plasticizers, plasticizers, press-in aids, micro- and nanosilica, rock flour, plastic dispersions, fibers and / or chromate reducers can be added.
  • cement and water are mixed into a paste, it gradually becomes solid.
  • the cement paste develops through hardening (solidification) and hardening to cement stone. This consolidation is based on the formation of water-resistant (hydraulic) connections.
  • the support body can also be made of reinforced concrete exist, ie reinforcement inserts (round steel, steel mesh, fibers, nonwovens etc.). While the concrete has the compressive strength, the tensile steel or the other components mentioned take over the tensile stresses that occur.
  • the support body has an upper support surface which is designed to be essentially plane-parallel to the foot surface.
  • the contact surface is designed as a structured three-dimensional surface.
  • the structure can be of different shapes. Common to all surface structures is that they have an outer raised edge along the side edges of the support body and the upper edge forms a support surface that is essentially plane-parallel to the foot surface.
  • the upper edge and the raised partial contact surfaces preferably form a jointly, possibly common, supporting surface.
  • the inner raised partial contact surfaces may be slightly higher than the edge contact surfaces, possibly lower, preferably of the same height.
  • the partial contact surfaces can have a pyramid, hemisphere or cone shape or, less preferably, be designed as undulating, zigzag and or groove-shaped elevations.
  • the partial support surfaces form fixing points for the top plate to be applied and prevent the top plates from tilting or shifting sideways or vertically.
  • the actual contact surface of the partial contact surfaces preferably has an area of
  • the contact surface is to be understood as the surface in contact with the top plate, including any binder material between the top plate and the contact surface with a thickness of up to three times the average grain size of the binder material.
  • the defined contoured surface structure results in a predictable
  • the height of the partial contact surfaces and their geometry allow the adhesive volume to be applied to be calculated and prevent excess binding compound, so that it does not escape undefined on the side surfaces if the top plate is placed on the top surface of the upper body and there is still an even distribution in the trough-shaped recess , and when applying the binder, the partial support surfaces are to be provided with binder.
  • the small contact area and the large number of contact areas deliberately accelerate the setting process of the binder mass at the tips of the partial contact surfaces, which ensures that the applied top plate is immediately fixed. This ensures that the composite stone in the manufacturing process can be transported and further processed immediately after the top plates have been applied, without the top plates shifting from the defined location in the further work process or detaching from the composite.
  • the aforementioned features provide the possibility of producing a composite molded block in an industrial manner in the timed production process and also to calculate the volume of the adhesive to be applied exactly.
  • the partial contact surfaces also allow the composite blocks to be stacked without the binder mass having to be fully hardened.
  • the circumferential outer edge can also be perforated in order to deliver binder mass at a defined location.
  • the breakthroughs can have passages in the size of 0.2 to 1 cm.
  • the support body preferably has only 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 3, openings per side surface of the support body.
  • the partial contact surfaces can also be subsequently applied to the surface outside the manufacturing process of the contact body or introduced into the contact body, which have the same geometries as described above.
  • the layer thickness of the binder composition is preferably on average 2 to 12 mm, particularly preferably 2 to 5 mm.
  • the supporting body starting from the head surface with further extending in the direction of the root surface cavities, preferably to a depth of 2/3 of the total thickness of the support body, '.
  • the cavities serve to save material and weight and continue to absorb excess binder, which has a positive influence on the adhesive bond.
  • the total volume of all depressions / cavities can thus make up 5 to 75 volume% of the total volume of the support body.
  • the further cavities extending in the direction of the foot surface can be shaped in such a way that they widen downward in diameter so that the binder mass penetrates from above, forms a pasty downward formation and thus wedges after hardening.
  • Cavities in the form of troughs are also particularly preferably introduced into the trough-shaped depression.
  • the volume of the troughs can e.g. equal to 50%, preferably 5 to 15%, less than the volume of the partial contact surfaces,
  • each partial contact surface has on average at least 1 half trough adjacent in order to provide a short path for the binding compound when the top plate is put on.
  • the adjacent trough preferably has 0.2 to 1 times the volume of the partial contact surface.
  • the cavities in particular the cavities extending from the head surface in the direction of the foot surface, are not completely filled with binder compound, so that cavities remain which serve as a buffer against thermal expansion.
  • the surface geometry of the support surface of the support body can be expressed in a simple manner by the type of the upper punch; if necessary, two upper punches are used, one for introducing the
  • the support body provided with cavities has a weight and material saving.
  • Such a support body can also be used as a paving stone.
  • the top plate as the top layer can consist of porcelain stoneware, ceramic and / or natural stone as well as other materials such as glass, wood, rubber, metal etc. It preferably has a cuboid shape.
  • the upper plate in particular made of molded materials, can have different geometric shapes on the foot head side for interlocking with the binder and the support body, the foot side preferably being planar and possibly having a certain roughness.
  • connection surface can also be machined by mechanical thawing such as faltering, blasting, scratching, milling, planing etc. in order to achieve an enlarged adhesive surface.
  • Natural stones are natural stones from various basic components, e.g. B. limestone, dolomite, sandstone etc. Below are some suitable natural stone materials: volcanic stones such as granite, syenite, diorite, gabbro,
  • Granite is one of the best known and most important deep rocks and consists of feldspar, quartz (20-40 / 50%) and mica (0-10%). Mica gives the granite the contrast and ensures that the stone can be split; Feldspar and especially quartz give the hardness, the feldspar content determines the color of the rock.
  • Quartzite is a fissile material that is available to over 80% in layer thicknesses between 1.0 and 2.0 cm and whose rich occurrence can be mined in open-cast mining. Quartzite belongs to the natural stone group with the highest degree of hardness. The natural layer thickness and roughness of the Quartzite surfaces do not require any further processing to produce the composite stones according to the invention. Only the usual material cutting has to be carried out. The surface roughness on the one hand fulfills all the requirements for permanent wear. bond and on the other hand a permanently non-slip, wear-resistant floor covering surface.
  • the top plate preferably has the following length (longest side) to thickness expansion: greater than 3 to 1, in particular greater than 5: 1.
  • the plate can be produced by splitting or machining, such as sawing.
  • Porcelain stoneware is a sintered, artificially produced ceramic product. It is very compact and also has a very low porosity, which gives it special mechanical and chemical properties, such as
  • Frost resistance i.e. a product that can be used well in cold climates for outdoor wall and floor coverings.
  • the porcelain stoneware is also very resistant to chemicals and cleaning agents, has a very high abrasion resistance and a high degree of breaking strength. This makes it ideal for areas with intensive public traffic and in industrial plants. Add to that the easy cleaning.
  • the top plate can be surface-finished using the method described in European Patent EP 1 124 774 and EP 0 825 917-B1 (corresponds to US Pat. No. 6,167,879). The disclosure content of these protective rights is hereby also made the subject of this application by reference.
  • the special surface treatment of the top side of the top plate which includes a laser treatment and, if necessary, in combination with a subsequent impregnation treatment, or only an impregnation treatment, creates a dirt-repellent and non-slip surface that can be used in many ways as floor and stair covering.
  • the surface treatment can be used particularly preferably on natural stone surfaces.
  • the binder contains at least one binder.
  • the binder is preferably an aqueous polymer dispersion, optionally used together with a cement binder. The binder hardens through contact with moisture.
  • the main constituent by weight of the binder mass after drying is aggregates, for example fine sand, in particular quartz sand with a grain size of 0 to 2 mm, in particular 0 to 0.1 mm.
  • aggregates for example fine sand, in particular quartz sand with a grain size of 0 to 2 mm, in particular 0 to 0.1 mm.
  • a cement for example Z325, is also advantageous
  • the binder composition is applied to the head side of the support body, preferably flat or in the form of pasty, in particular pasty, flat strands, in particular over the entire width of the support surface or defined points, the head side of the support body having partial support surfaces and the storage surfaces for the binder composition be limited by the outer partial contact surfaces.
  • the upper partial contact surfaces adjoining the side surfaces of the support body can also be coated with binder, e.g. Adhesive mortar.
  • binder e.g. Adhesive mortar.
  • Internal volume is preferably applied at least as much volume of binder mass as corresponds to the upper cavity interior volume (except for the cavities that may extend in the direction of the foot surface), in order to ensure that a full-surface adhesive connection is formed with the exclusion of cavities.
  • the binder can also consist of acrylate, one- and two-component polyurethane, thermoplastic, duoplast or epoxy compounds, which can also be reactive, for example.
  • the aqueous polymer dispersion is suspended / dispersed in water and preferably a polymer which, in addition to styrene and / or butadiene units, has at least one polar monomer or polar groups, such as e.g. Carboxyl groups e.g. in the form of acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl acetate groups / monomers.
  • polar monomer or polar groups such as e.g. Carboxyl groups e.g. in the form of acrylate, methacrylate or vinyl acetate groups / monomers.
  • it is important that the polymer has a carbon chain as the backbone (carbon backbone) that bears polar side groups.
  • Suitable are, for example, vinyl acetate polymers in aqueous dispersion, carboxylated butadiene-styrene-mefhaacrylate polymer latices or polyurethane dispersion.
  • the composite molded block can have the shapes customary in the prior art, such as cube, binder or one and a half shape, double stone, prism stone, head or bishop's cap shape.
  • the composite molded block according to the invention is preferably used as a paving element for outdoor facilities such as walkways and driveways and terraces and as a raised floor system for indoor areas, but it can also be used with its described advantages as a facade element.
  • jointing compounds which contain cement, bitumen as binders and / or additives of plastic binders can also be used as jointing compounds.
  • the composite molded bricks according to the invention can be laid, for example, in a row, herringbone or Keper bandage, scale arches, diagonal bandage, block or parquet bandage, cross joint bandage, runner bandage or in the Roman bandage.
  • the composite molded block according to the invention can be placed on a prepared paving bed and does not require a bed. in which it is aligned with a paving hammer to correct the flatness.
  • the composite molded bricks according to the invention can also be used as walkable and drivable exterior covering material for the highest surface loads and represent a product that can be laid as easily as a concrete or cast stone.
  • the covering is easy to install even by inexperienced do-it-yourselfers
  • the composite stone can also be used as a replacement, e.g. indoors and outdoors. used for stone slabs.
  • the overall thickness can be between 2 and 7 cm, depending on the use, the top plate preferably having a thickness of less than 1.3 cm.
  • the composite stone slab can also be produced for indoor areas or for the use of terrace slabs etc. in total thicknesses below 3 cm, e.g. to be equipped with a top plate made of porcelain stoneware, which as a solid material cannot currently be manufactured in thicknesses over 1.5 cm or only with great technical and cost expenditure.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing an industrial, clocked mechanical method for producing the composite molded bricks according to the invention. This object is achieved according to the invention by the method features characterized in claim 21. Preferred embodiments are the subject of claims 22 to 27.
  • a defined volume of concrete is poured into a mold frame, which corresponds to the support body to be produced, and compacted by vibrating and shaped with a stamp in relation to the top surface.
  • the vibrating forces can be applied in a manner known per se in concrete block molding machines, ie by vibrating the mold and / or the stamp, but preferably by vibrating the vibrating table and / or by vibrating a stamp load.
  • the molded block can also be compacted in a manner customary in the industry by pressing or stamping.
  • the support body here the support surface for the top plate, is preferably moistened with water before the binder is applied.
  • a polymer, as defined above (with aqueous polymer dispersion) can be added to the water in a weight ratio of 1: 9 to 1:50 to improve the adhesive effect as an adhesion promoter.
  • the application is preferably carried out by means of a metering device in the spray process.
  • the stamp contours the head surface of the support body and, in particular, embosses the peripheral edge and the partial support surfaces through depressions in the stamp, which serves as the support surface for the top plate.
  • the further cavities (troughs) extending in the direction of the foot surface are also introduced by the same or a further stamp.
  • finger-shaped, cylindrical or tapered pins are mounted on the stamp surface and inserted into the concrete mass when the stamp is lowered. These are preferably aligned in the direction of the surface normal of the stamp surface.
  • the molding can be done by raising the mold frame and / or the stamp. After the stamping process or after a number of stamping processes, adhering concrete residues can be removed from the stamp surface.
  • the shaped and dimensionally stable support body is coated on the surface with the pasty binder, preferably by means of metering nozzles, under which the support body is moved with the head surface facing upwards.
  • the binder mass is spread over the top surface of the support body, preferably under
  • the peripheral edge laid, in particular in a substantially uniform layer thickness, preferably between 2 and 5 mm
  • the application height of the binder composition being the height of the partial support surfaces of the head surface of the support body, independently preferred, by no more than about 0.5 mm - he walks.
  • the spray water can be mixed with the polymer of the adhesive connector, preferably in a ratio of 20 (water) to 1 (polymer).
  • the binder consists of various mineral substances (quartz sand, cement) as well as mixing water and a polymer additive, which are mixed with one another in a so-called compulsory mixer before being applied to the support body and then moved from the mixing container into a storage container with a slow-moving agitator for further processing ,
  • a so-called compulsory mixer before being applied to the support body and then moved from the mixing container into a storage container with a slow-moving agitator for further processing .
  • top plate and the support body are then lowered flush with one another on the side surfaces, the approach preferably taking place with slight rotation about the approach axis, possibly also with a slight vibration movement along (perpendicular) the approach axis.
  • the support body is preferably conveyed in a cyclical fashion.
  • the head surface of the support body preferably slightly exceeds the foot surface of the top plate, approximately on average on all sides by 0.5 to 2 mm.
  • the top plate can be centered with the support surface by measuring the support body beforehand and positioning it accordingly using the transmitted data.
  • the top plate can be guided by a gripper, in particular a suction head gripper.
  • the subsequent fixation or pressing of the top plate can be done by stationary roller elements or carried pressure elements.
  • the composite stone can subsequently be subjected to a thermal treatment. This is preferably done by moving the composite molded block in a room tempered to 90 to 150 ° C, ideally 110 to 130 ° C, e.g. a "Patanosta" or a "tying tunnel".
  • the top plate can be provided with an impregnating agent that is usually in the strongly structured surface penetrates well.
  • the impregnating agent is sprayed onto the surface of the top plate before entering the drying tunnel.
  • the top plates can be heated to approx. 30 ° C to 45 ° C before application to the support body, which also means additional advantages. le can result in the adhesive connection and to improve the subsequent impregnation effect, since the impregnation active ingredient is absorbed much better in a tempered surface.
  • the heating can take place, for example, in a stack / storage device upstream of the application of the top plate to the support body.
  • an aqueous dispersion of an organosilicon compound in water is particularly preferred as the impregnator.
  • a composition can also be an additional dispersing aid.
  • the organosilicon compound can, however, also be taken up in a hydrocarbon medium such as white spirit.
  • a particularly advantageous impregnating agent has proven to be a dispersion of an alkylalkoxysilane and a fluoropolymer in water.
  • the impregnating active ingredient can also consist of an aqueous dispersion of an acrylate copolymer.
  • the impregnator is preferably applied by means of a metering device and a surface application of the impregnator / impregnating composition, preferably by spraying, but the application can also be carried out by other methods such as e.g. roll up.
  • the process described above can be repeated several times, e.g. a second or third impregnation of the surface of the top plate takes place at the exit of the so-called “drying tunnel”.
  • This layer can be tempered by additives, e.g. Water permeability must be equipped to ensure that the surfaces dry quickly (after laying and when wet) and to prevent moisture from the concrete core in or through the adhesive layer or
  • top plates can usually only be 1 to 2 cm thick and the support body (concrete core) can be produced cost-effectively in any shape and height by shaping.
  • a water-draining wear layer can be created by introducing cone-shaped cavities in the support body as well as corresponding passages (openings) that can be made to fit into the top plates.
  • top panels with luminous or display bodies, for example with fiber optic cables.
  • the support body is finally produced from “finer” facing concrete in order to obtain a surface that is more precise in shape than conventional concrete surfaces.
  • an “upper concrete” is applied as the top layer, which can offer various advantages.
  • the top layer can be equipped in such a way that the adhesive connection improves (system in system solution), it can be made impermeable to water (faster drying, prevention of water stains, faster defrosting in ice and snow), it can be designed more precisely, e.g. to be able to design the troughs or elevations better than conventional concrete. Small troughs on the highest points of the elevations can ensure that the binding mass forms a maximum thin layer there, so that the
  • Claws are used to absorb lateral forces immediately after joining. This makes it possible to stack the composite elements immediately after joining, without the cover or top plates shifting.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plan view of the top surface of the support body
  • FIG. 2 shows the composite molded block with support body and top plate along the section A through FIG. 1, the cavities (16) lying in plane B also being shown in FIG. 2 for the sake of simplicity.
  • FIG. 1 is a top view of the area shown as C in FIG. 2.
  • the support body (3) has a peripheral edge (11) on the side surfaces (9) of the support body (3).
  • the edge (11) forms a tub shape on the top surface (4).
  • the upper edge of the edge (11) is designed as an edge surface (12) to the foot surface (8) of the support body (3) as a plane-parallel surface, the plurality of punctiform partial support surfaces (14) together with the edge surface (12) for the support surface (13) forms the foot surface (7) of the top plate (6).
  • the punctiform partial contact surfaces (14) are part of the pyramid structure formed on the top surface (4). Instead of a pyramid structure there are also others
  • the pasty binder mass is deposited in the cavities (17), after the form-fitting attachment of the top plate (2) by the force of force being pressed into the remaining volume of the upper cavities (17) and essentially completely filling them.
  • the cavities (16) extending in the direction of the foot surface (7) only partially absorb binder mass and serve, inter alia, as a volume buffer for the binder mass.
  • a cam (18) is shown as an example on the side wall of the composite stone, the length of which exceeds the height of the side surface (9) of the support body, which
  • the height of the side wall (10) of the composite molded block falls below and abuts the top plate (2) with the length protruding beyond the support body.
  • the tip of the cam is beveled outwards at a 45 ° angle. This is a special embodiment, usually. such a supernatant is not necessary.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Floor Finish (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un bloc moulé composite, produit par application d'une plaque supérieure, comme couche de protection, sur un corps d'appui, obtenu par un processus de façonnage, qui est muni d'une matière liante. L'invention concerne également un procédé permettant de produire des blocs moulés composites de ce type.
EP03799445A 2002-12-31 2003-12-25 Bloc moule composite Withdrawn EP1581702A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10261692A DE10261692A1 (de) 2002-12-31 2002-12-31 Verbundformstein
DE10261692 2002-12-31
PCT/DE2003/004261 WO2004061239A1 (fr) 2002-12-31 2003-12-25 Bloc moule composite

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1581702A1 true EP1581702A1 (fr) 2005-10-05

Family

ID=32519522

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03799445A Withdrawn EP1581702A1 (fr) 2002-12-31 2003-12-25 Bloc moule composite

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20060251862A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1581702A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006512519A (fr)
CN (1) CN1745218A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003299276A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10261692A1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2005124031A (fr)
WO (1) WO2004061239A1 (fr)

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CN1966861B (zh) * 2006-09-30 2012-03-28 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 复合透水砖
US8288036B2 (en) * 2009-05-18 2012-10-16 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Secondary battery and method of making the secondary battery
DE102009023421A1 (de) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-09 Holger Marohn Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Sichtbelags
DE102009023928A1 (de) 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Rheinkalk Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Agglomerats
US8048559B2 (en) * 2009-07-08 2011-11-01 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd Secondary battery and method of making the secondary battery
US8062787B2 (en) * 2009-09-11 2011-11-22 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd Secondary battery and method of manufacturing the secondary battery
GB2475852A (en) * 2009-12-02 2011-06-08 Philip Sutton Composite paving element
CN102234973B (zh) * 2010-04-30 2015-12-16 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 一种透水砖的制备方法
CN102561161B (zh) * 2011-12-31 2016-04-13 深圳市建筑科学研究院股份有限公司 透水铺砖地面的铺设方法以及透水定位器
DE102013104631A1 (de) * 2013-05-06 2014-11-06 Markus Schuster Holzpflasterstein und zugehöriger Holzflächenbelag
CN104727200B (zh) * 2015-03-25 2017-05-03 吕国兵 一种复合陶瓷厚砖及其制作方法
ES2835573T3 (es) * 2015-06-29 2021-06-22 Mbi Group B V Un método para fabricar una baldosa estratificada y un producto obtenido con dicho método
EP3392407A4 (fr) * 2015-12-17 2019-06-12 AB3 Group S.A. Procédé de fabrication de plaques hybrides anti-abrasives basaltiques
CN105756320A (zh) * 2016-02-01 2016-07-13 上海海兴塑业有限公司 户外地板及其制造方法
DE202016105892U1 (de) 2016-10-20 2016-11-16 Markus Schuster Holzpflasterstein und zugehöriger Holzflächenbelag
DE102021116461A1 (de) 2020-06-25 2021-12-30 Betonwerk Lintel Gmbh & Co. Kg Bauelement zur Verlegung von Erdreichabdeckungen und Formstein für ein solches Bauelement
CN113831078A (zh) * 2021-09-14 2021-12-24 四川蜗牛新材料有限公司 一种固废综合利用生产的复合生态地铺石及其制备方法
DE102022127331A1 (de) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-18 Baustoffwerke Gebhart & Söhne GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Verbundkörpers

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003299276A1 (en) 2004-07-29
RU2005124031A (ru) 2006-01-20
US20060251862A1 (en) 2006-11-09
CN1745218A (zh) 2006-03-08
JP2006512519A (ja) 2006-04-13
WO2004061239A1 (fr) 2004-07-22
DE10261692A1 (de) 2004-07-15

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