Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
  • H01F29/00—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00
  • H01F29/02—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings
  • H01F29/04—Variable transformers or inductances not covered by group H01F21/00 with tappings on coil or winding; with provision for rearrangement or interconnection of windings having provision for tap-changing without interrupting the load current
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
  • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
  • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
  • H01H9/0038—Tap change devices making use of vacuum switches

Definitions

• the invention relates to a tap changer for uninterrupted switching between different winding taps of a regulating transformer.
• Tap changers have been known devices for voltage regulation and ensuring high electrical energy quality for decades. According to their principle of operation, they can be divided into resistance cut-off switches and reactor switches.
• This on-load tap-changer is actuated by a motor drive with an electric motor which, if it is put into operation when a changeover is provided, on the one hand continuously operates the fine selector and, if necessary, a preselector and on the other hand pulls up an energy store of the diverter switch.
• the motor drive is located laterally outside the transformer. The energy is conducted to the tap changer via linkage, angular drive, gear stages and mechanical Geneva gear. Has the energy accumulator reached its end position, d. H. if it is fully raised, its lock, which has been fixed until then, is released and it performs a sudden movement with which it operates the diverter switch.
• a tap changer of the reactor hinge type is e.g. B. from DE-PS 40 11 019 and DE-PS 41 26 824 and the company name "Load Tap Changer Type RMV-I" from Reinhausen Manufacturing Inc., Alamo, Tennessee, USA.
• a switch here a vacuum switching cell
• Each vacuum switching cell can be bridged by a bypass contact, which in turn connects at least one of the two load branches to the load conductor
• a double-sided cam disk is arranged spatially between the bypass contact and the energy accumulator, which is rotated by the drive shaft by 180 degrees in each switching step, on the side facing the bypass contact
• the double-sided cam disc has a groove for controlling the bypass ntact and on the other side another groove for controlling the energy store driving the vacuum switch cells.
• the control of the energy accumulator is such that it is tensioned once at each switching step and then triggered, thereby actuating the vacuum switch cells.
• This tap changer is actuated by a motor drive with an electric motor, which, if it is put into operation when a changeover is provided, on the one hand continuously actuates the selector contacts and, on the other hand, both continuously actuates the bypass contact via the cam plate and also opens the described energy accumulator.
• the drive trains of this known tap changer are shown schematically.
• FIG. 1 A typical gear train of this known tap changer is shown in FIG.
• the drive is carried out by an electric motor drive.
• Such a drive is described for example in WO 98/38661.
• all mechanical and electrical assemblies that are required to drive the tap changer are combined.
• Important mechanical assemblies are the load gear and the control gear.
• the load gear operates the tap changer directly; for this purpose it has an appropriately dimensioned electric motor.
• the control gear contains a cam disc that rotates one full turn each time the step switch is switched.
• the cam disk in turn has a large number of switching cams for the mechanical actuation of numerous cam switches or cam-actuated contacts.
• the sleu gearbox also contains means for displaying the step position or the switching step.
• the electrical assemblies in the motor drive include different circuits.
• motor circuit through which the terminals of the electric drive motor are connected to the power supply line via motor contactors, brake contactors and other switching means.
• control circuit and various signaling circuits and tripping circuits for a motor protection switch are also a control circuit and various signaling circuits and tripping circuits for a motor protection switch.
• the motor drive itself is controlled according to the principle of step switching, ie an adjustment process by one switching step is initiated by a one-time control pulse and then inevitably brought to an end; the output shaft of the motor drive, which is coupled to a drive shaft of the tap changer, performs a precisely defined number of revolutions in advance.
• the known motor drive in addition to other safety devices, also has a run-through protection device which prevents the motor drive from running through to the end position if the step control described fails.
• the known motor drive described has to perform a whole series of functions together with the downstream Maltese transmission in the step switch of the resistance high-speed switch type:
• both the conventional motor drive and the downstream transmission are complicated in construction, expensive to manufacture, because they are necessarily highly precise, and together with the energy accumulator they usually represent the most complex part of the entire tap changer.
• the known motor drive described has to perform the following functions in the tap changer together with the downstream gear, in particular the Maltese gear and a lever reversing gear:
• both the conventional motor drive and the downstream transmission are complicated in construction, expensive to manufacture, because they are necessarily highly precise, and together with the energy accumulator they usually represent the most complex part of the entire tap changer.
• the object of the invention is to drastically simplify the basic structure of tap changers, as has been established for decades and has solidified in the prior art.
• the invention is based on the general inventive idea of using at least one torque motor known per se as part of the drive train or train of a tap changer.
• Torque motors of this type are known, for example, from the company publication "Brushless Torque Motors" from ETEL. Such a known torque motor works on the same physical basis as a linear drive, except that the stator lying flat here is wound into a circle.
• a torque -Motor is therefore a servo drive optimized for high torque; modern designs are electrically 3-phase brushless synchronous motors with permanent excitation. They are currently used in machine tool construction. No attempt has yet been made to implement them in step switches or for the drive of a tap changer in principle.
• EP 996 135 relates to a magnetic traveling field drive for a switching device
• WO 99/60591 and WO 00/05735 describe drives in the manner of a stepping motor for switching devices.
• such a torque motor can be provided as part of a tap changer at different mounting locations. It can be arranged outside the transformer room, on top of the transformer or on the side of the transformer. It can also be arranged inside the transformer room and replace the energy accumulator of the diverter switch, the fine selector drive or also a preselector drive or also several of these modules there.
• FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5a, 5b schematic possibilities of using at least one torque motor according to the invention in an on-load tap changer of this type
• FIG. 6a, 6b schematic possibilities of using at least one torque motor according to the invention in a load selector of this type
• FIGS. 7 and 8 already explained drive trains of known tap changers of the type
• FIGS. 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b and 11a, 11b schematic possibilities of using at least one torque motor according to the invention in a first tap changer of this type
• FIGS. 12a, 12b schematic possibilities of using at least one torque motor according to the invention in a second Step switches of this type.
• the assemblies according to the invention are each referred to as “positioning units” and have a gray background.
• FIG. 4a for the mounting location of a tap changer outside the transformer it is shown that according to the invention a torque motor replaces the previous motor drive and the downstream transmission and acts directly on the energy accumulator of the diverter switch, the Maltese transmission of the fine selector and possibly also the preselector.
• a torque motor also replaces the previous energy accumulator according to the prior art and the associated transmission, in such a way that this new positioning unit with torque motor is directly connected to the Maltese transmission of the fine selector and possibly . of the preselector acts as well as directly operated the diverter switch.
• This second embodiment can also be arranged overall within the transformer, as shown in FIG. 4b.
• FIGS. 5a and 5b Further embodiments of the invention are shown schematically in FIGS. 5a and 5b.
• a first torque motor according to the invention directly actuates the diverter switch by also making the previous energy accumulator superfluous (left positioning unit);
• Another torque motor (right positioning unit) actuates the Geneva gear of the fine selector and, if applicable, the preselector.
• FIGS. 4a and 4b In contrast to the embodiments of the invention in FIGS. 4a and 4b, in which only a single torque motor is provided in each case, several such positioning units with torque Engine shown.
• FIG. 5b shows these embodiments of the invention at a mounting location of the tap changer inside the transformer.
• FIG. 6a and 6b show possible embodiments of the invention in the same schematic representation of a tap changer of the load selector type.
• FIG. 6a in turn relates to the arrangement of the tap changer outside the transformer, FIG. 6b for such an arrangement inside the transformer.
• the upper illustration in each case illustrates an embodiment in which a torque motor actuates the energy accumulator directly, which in turn rotates the switching column in a known manner and, in addition, optionally actuates the preselector.
• the middle representation shows one embodiment of the invention, in which the torque motor also takes over the function of the previous energy store and directly rotates the switching column in a leap.
• the lower illustration shows an embodiment with two separate torque motors, in such a way that the first of these novel positioning units directly rotates the switching column in a leap and the second positioning unit separately actuates an existing selection.
• FIG. 9a for an arrangement of the tap changer outside the transformer, it is shown in the upper half of the illustration that according to the invention a torque motor replaces the previous motor drive and acts directly on the drive shaft and the deflection gear. The drive shaft then in turn actuates the preselector, fine selector, bypass contact and the vacuum switch cell via the energy accumulator (not shown) in each phase.
• FIG. 9b shows the corresponding arrangements for a tap changer arranged in the transformer.
• FIG. 10a shows in the upper part that a first torque motor is used in each phase of a gearbox, the preselector and the fine selector are actuated at the same time, and a second torque motor actuates the bypass contact and - again, thanks to the retractable energy store - the vacuum switching cell.
• FIG. 10b again shows these embodiments for an arrangement of the tap changer in the transformer.
• 11a and 11b show modified embodiments of the invention.
• the assignment of the individual components to the phases to be switched, which was previously the basis, is dissolved.
• a first torque motor activates the preselection of all three phases
• a second torque motor the fine selection of all two phases
• a third torque motor both the bypass contacts and the energy accumulators and thus vacuum switching cells of all three phases.
• FIGS. 12a and 12b possible embodiments of the invention are shown in the same schematic representation in another known step switch of the generic type, whose known gear train according to the prior art has been shown in FIG. 8 and has already been explained.
• the upper illustrations each show a version in which a single torque motor actuates the preselector, the fine selector and, at the same time, the bypass contact and vacuum switching cell, again via an energy accumulator, via intermediate gears.
• the middle representations below each show an embodiment in which two such torque motors are provided in each phase. One of them operates both the preselector and the fine selector, the other both the bypass contact and the energy accumulator of the vacuum switching cell.
• FIG. 12a in turn relates to the arrangement of the tap changer outside the transformer, and FIG. 12b to its arrangement in the transformer.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Housings And Mounting Of Transformers (AREA)
• Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)
• Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
• Control Of Motors That Do Not Use Commutators (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
• Use Of Switch Circuits For Exchanges And Methods Of Control Of Multiplex Exchanges (AREA)
• Ultra Sonic Daignosis Equipment (AREA)
• Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
• Control Of Electric Motors In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Publications (2)

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• 2004
  • 2004-02-20 BR BRPI0408538-8A patent/BRPI0408538A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2004-02-20 AT AT04713013T patent/ATE341825T1/de active
  • 2004-02-20 CA CA2520904A patent/CA2520904C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-20 ES ES04713013T patent/ES2270348T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-20 EP EP04713013A patent/EP1609162B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-20 MX MXPA05010395A patent/MXPA05010395A/es active IP Right Grant
  • 2004-02-20 KR KR1020057017158A patent/KR101096537B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-20 JP JP2006504437A patent/JP2006522470A/ja active Pending
  • 2004-02-20 WO PCT/EP2004/001648 patent/WO2004088693A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2004-02-20 UA UAA200509235A patent/UA84417C2/uk unknown
  • 2004-02-20 CN CNB2004800071336A patent/CN100552847C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-20 DE DE502004001678T patent/DE502004001678D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-02-20 PL PL378683A patent/PL205742B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2004-02-20 US US10/551,600 patent/US7463010B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2004-02-20 RU RU2005134008/09A patent/RU2324994C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation

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