EP1619199B1 - Glykolipid-derivate, herstellungsverfahren dafür, zwischenprodukte für deren synthese und herstellungsverfahren für die zwischenprodukte - Google Patents

Glykolipid-derivate, herstellungsverfahren dafür, zwischenprodukte für deren synthese und herstellungsverfahren für die zwischenprodukte Download PDF

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EP1619199B1
EP1619199B1 EP04710993.9A EP04710993A EP1619199B1 EP 1619199 B1 EP1619199 B1 EP 1619199B1 EP 04710993 A EP04710993 A EP 04710993A EP 1619199 B1 EP1619199 B1 EP 1619199B1
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group
compound
substituted
unsubstituted
disease
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EP1619199A4 (de
EP1619199A1 (de
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Hirokazu Annoura
Kenji Murata
Takashi Yamamura
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/04—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for ulcers, gastritis or reflux esophagitis, e.g. antacids, inhibitors of acid secretion, mucosal protectants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A61P21/04—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system for myasthenia gravis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/06—Antianaemics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C247/00—Compounds containing azido groups
    • C07C247/02—Compounds containing azido groups with azido groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton
    • C07C247/04—Compounds containing azido groups with azido groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a carbon skeleton being saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D317/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D317/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C07D317/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings
    • C07D317/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms having the hetero atoms in positions 1 and 3 not condensed with other rings with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D317/28—Radicals substituted by nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/02—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures
    • C07H15/04—Acyclic radicals, not substituted by cyclic structures attached to an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
    • C07H15/00—Compounds containing hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals directly attached to hetero atoms of saccharide radicals
    • C07H15/26—Acyclic or carbocyclic radicals, substituted by hetero rings

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to novel glycolipid derivatives.
  • autoimmune diseases for example, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, chronic rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, systemic scleroderma, insulin-dependent diabetes, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Basedow's disease (Graves' disease), pernicious anemia, Addison's disease, atrophic gastritis, hemolytic anemia, ulcerative colitis, etc. are known.
  • T-cells For treatment of autoimmune diseases, steroid hormones, immunosuppressants, etc. are widely used, but at the time of use, sufficient cautions are required over side-effects. Safety and highly effective drug has not yet been found.
  • the cause of autoimmune diseases the involvement of T-cells has been pointed out. This is believed to arise when the helper T-cell type 1 (Th1)/helper T-cell type 2 (Th2) immune balance is lost.
  • Th1 helper T-cell type 1
  • Th2 helper T-cell type 2
  • Th1/Th2 immune balance toward Th1 bias may be considered to play a central role ( P. Kidd, Altern. Med. Rev. 2003, 8, 223 : Takashi Yamamura, Notoshinkei, 2001, 53, 707 ).
  • Th2 type cytokines shifting the Th1/Th2 immune balance toward Th2 bias IL-4, IL-5, IL-10 are known, but their administration of itself causes the appearance of systemic side-effects, and clinical application of itself is therefore believed to be substantially impossible.
  • NKT cells are lymphocytes which express both NK cell markers (i.e., NKT receptors) and T-cell antigen receptors (TCR). T-cells recognize peptides bonded to major histocompatibility complexes (MHC), while NKT cells recognize glycolipids bonded to the CD1d molecules and produce a large amount of cytokines in an extremely short period of time, when stimulated from TCR.
  • NK cell markers i.e., NKT receptors
  • TCR T-cell antigen receptors
  • the (2S,3S,4R)-1-O-( ⁇ -D-galactosyl)-2-(N-hexacosanoylamino)-1,3,4-octadecanetriol ( ⁇ -GalCer) having the formula (XIV): is the first substance reported, as a ligand presented by the monomorphic CD1d expressed on dendritic cells and activating the NKT cells expressing T-cell receptors having semi-invariant ⁇ -chains (V ⁇ 14). It has been shown that it has a powerful antitumor activity and immunization action (see T. Kawano et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1998, 95, p5690 .
  • OCH effected in oral administration in a mouse experimental autoimmunological encephalomyelitis (EAE) model, and therefore, so is expected to be a new medicine in the area of autoimmune diseases.
  • EAE autoimmunological encephalomyelitis
  • the Wittig reaction is in general used for constructing the carbon chain of the sphingosine base part (see M. Morita et al., J. Med. Chem. 1995, 38, 2176 ).
  • the glycolipid having the formula (I) is a derivative, in which the carbon chain of the sphingosine base of ⁇ -GalCer is shortened, and therefore, so similar synthetic procedures like with ⁇ -GalCer proved to give low yields. Further, the glycolipid having the formula (I) was originally obtained by purification using ion exchange resin or HPLC, then converting into freeze dried materials.
  • large-scale facilities are required at the time of large-scale synthesis, and therefore, not only is there a problem of synthetic costs, there is also the major problem that the quality of the products may not be stable. Therefore, an efficient synthetic method for the large-scale production of the compounds having the formula (I) has not been known yet.
  • the synthesis of a glycolipid where the substituent of the sphingosine base part is a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group has not yet been reported.
  • the objectives of the present invention are to provide novel glycolipids having an immunosuppressive action useful for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
  • glycolipids may be provided in good quality improved in physical properties.
  • glycolipids having formula (I) wherein R 3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, R 8 indicates -(CH 2 ) m -CH 3 where m is from 10 to 25, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 to C 35 aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted C 3 to C 35 aralkyl group according to claim 1, where the substituent of the Sphingosine base part is a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and hydrates of the glycolipids having the formula (I). The hydrates give stable crystals improved in physical properties.
  • a novel glycolipid having the above formula (I) where R 3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, and R 8 indicates -(CH 2 )m-CH 3 , where m indicates an integer of 10 to 25, a C 6 to C 35 aryl group unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, alkoxy group, or amide group, or a C 7 to C 35 aralkyl group unsubstituted or substituted with an alkyl group, alkoxy group, or amide group.
  • Th2-type cytokine derivative comprising the compound as active ingredient (claim 4), the compound or drug for the treatment of autoimmune disease (claim 5), or the compound or drug for the treatment of diseases where the Th1/Th2 immune balance is shifted toward Th1 bias or diseases where the Th1 cells cause symptoms to worsen (claims 6, 8), or the compound or drug for the treatment of the typical autoimmune diseases mentioned previously (claims 7, 9).
  • the "Th2 type cytokine” is IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, or another cytokine, by which the Th1/Th2 immune balance is shifted toward Th2 bias.
  • a glycolipid of the invention having the formula (I) may be synthesized by the methods explained below. These methods will be successively explained.
  • the starting substance (II), as shown by the reaction formulae below, is obtained by obtaining, from a known starting substance (XV), the compound (XVI), then converting this to the compound (XVII) to obtain the compound (II) (Step 1).
  • This compound (II) is reacted with an organometallic reagent (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc) or (IIId) to obtain the compound (IV) (Step 2), which is then converted through the compound (V) to the compound (VIa) or (VIb) (Step 3). From these compounds (VIab), the compound (VII) is obtained, then is converted to the compound (VIIIa) or (VIIIb) (Step 4).
  • this compound (VIIIa) or (VIIIb) is reacted with the compound (IX) to obtain the compound (Xa) or (Xb) (Step 5), compound (XIa) or (XIb) is obtained from the compound (Xa) or (Xb), then converted to the compound (XIIa) or (XIIb) (Step 6), then the compound (XIIa) is used to derive the compound (XIII).
  • This or the compound (XIIb) obtained at Step 6 is used to obtain the target compound (I) (Step 7).
  • R 1 and R 2 independently indicate a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group or R 1 and R 2 bond together to indicate a propylene group, butylene group, pentylene group or hexylene group, whereby a cyclic structure is formed and R 9 indicates an alkylsulfonyloxy group, arylsulfonyloxy group or aralkylsulfonyloxy group.
  • a C 1 to C 4 alkyl group a C 1 to C 4 alkyl group, halogen-substituted methyl group, or other C 1 to C 4 alkyl group (as a preferable, halogen, a fluorine atom or chlorine atom) may be mentioned.
  • a preferable substituent of the alkyl group in addition to a halogen atom, a methoxy group, ethoxy group, nitro group, etc. may be mentioned.
  • a C 6 to C 12 aryl group specifically a phenyl group, p-tolyl group, m-tolyl group, o-tolyl group, 4-tert-butylphenyl group, 4-phenylphenyl group, 4-isopropylphenyl group, etc. may be mentioned. These may be substituted with a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, methoxy group, nitro group, cyano group, trifluoromethyl group or other group.
  • a 4-methoxyphenyl group 4-chlorophenyl group, 2,5-dichlorophenyl group, 4-fluorophenyl group, 4-bromophenyl group, 4-nitrophenyl group, 3-nitrophenyl group, 2-nitrophenyl group, 4-cyano group, 4-trifluoromethyl group, etc. may be mentioned.
  • the D-arabitol having the formula (XV) enables the production of the compound of formula (XVI) using an acetalization reaction.
  • the various methods described in Compendium of Organic Synthetic Methods Wiley-Interscience; A Division of John Wiely & Sons ) etc.
  • the compound (XVI) obtained by the above method may be directly used, as a material for producing the compound (XVII), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method, for example, recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound (XVII) obtained by the above method may be directly used, as a material for producing the compound (II), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method, for example, recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound (XVII) may be treated in tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyleneglycol dimethylether, benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or another inert solvent at, for example, -20°C to 120°C, preferably -10°C to 80°C, by sodium, potassium, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium methoxide, sodium ethylate, potassium tert-butoxide or another base, so as to obtain the compound (II).
  • the compound (II) obtained by this step may be directly used, as a material for the next step, but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method such as recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound of formula (II) obtained at Step 1 may be reacted with an organometallic reagent having the formula (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), or (IIId) to obtain the compound having the formula (IV).
  • R 1 and R 2 are the same as defined above
  • R 3 indicates a substituted or unsubstituted preferably C 3 to C 8 cycloalkyl group, for example, a cyclopropyl group, cyclobutyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclohexyl group or cycloheptyl group (as a preferable substituent, a methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, methoxy group, chlorine atom, fluorine atom, trifluoromethyl group, etc.
  • substituted or unsubstituted preferably C 6 to C 18 aryl group for example, a phenyl group, pyridyl group, or naphthyl group (as a preferable substituent, a methyl group, ethyl group, methoxy group, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, phenyl group, 2-fluorophenyl group, phenoxy group, phenylmethyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclopentyloxy group, trifluoromethyl group, acylamino group, cyano group, cycloheptyl group, cycloheptyloxy group, etc.
  • substituted or unsubstituted preferably C 7 to C 18 aralkyl group for example, a phenylmethyl group, phenylethyl group, pyridylmethyl group, or naphthylmethyl group (as a preferable substituent, a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, methyl group, ethyl group, methoxy group, trifluoromethyl group, cyclopentyl group, cyclopentyloxy group, etc. may be mentioned
  • M indicates a Li
  • MgI and X indicates a chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom or fluorine atom.
  • 1 to 6 equivalent weights of alkyl lithium reagent or Grignard reagent is added to the compound (II) in the presence or absence of copper (I) iodide, copper (I) bromide, copper (I) chloride, or borofluoride in diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, xylene, hexane, cyclohexane, or another inert solvent or their mixed solvents, at, for example, -78°C to 0°C, preferably -50°C to -10°C and the result stirred at that temperature for 1 to 5 hours.
  • the target compound (IV) can be obtained.
  • the compound (IV) obtained by this step may be directly used, as a material for production of the compound (V), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method such as recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound having the formula (IV) obtained at Step 2 may be converted to the compound (V), then subjected to an azidation reaction so as to obtain the compound having the formula (VIa).
  • the compound (V) may be deacetalized to obtain the compound having the formula (VIb).
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are the same as defined above and R 4 indicates an alkylsulfonyloxy group, arylsulfonyloxy group or aralkylsulfonyloxy group.
  • the compound (IV) obtained by this step may be directly used, as a material for production of the compound (V), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method such as recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound (V) by reacting the compound (V) with 1 to 50 equivalent weights of sodium azide or lithium azide in acetonitrile, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide or another inert solvent at, for example, 0 to 200°C, preferably 20 to 120°C, the compound (V) can be converted to the compound (VI).
  • triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate or another base may be added.
  • the compound (V) may be deacetalized by an ordinary method to obtain the compound (VIa).
  • an ordinary method for the conditions of the deacetalization, it is possible to use the many methods described in Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons ) etc.
  • the compound (V) may be stirred in a mixture of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or another inorganic acid or another organic acid and methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, dioxane, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, xylene or another inert solvent at -20 to 100°C, preferably 0 to 50°C to obtain the compound (VIa).
  • the substituent of one or both of R 1 and R 2 expresses a substitutable aryl group
  • the compound of formula (VIa) obtained at Step 3 may be deacetalized or the compound of formula (VIb) may be subjected to an azidation reaction to obtain the compound (VII) which may then be again acetalized to obtain the compound of the formula (VIIIa). Further, the primary hydroxy groups of the compound (VII) may be selectively tritylated, then the remaining hydroxy groups are converted to an arylmethylether derivative and detritylated to obtain the compound (VIIIb).
  • R 5 and R 6 independently indicate a hydrogen atom, substituted or unsubstituted preferably C 1 to C 5 alkyl group (as a preferable substituent, a fluorine atom, methoxy group, etc. may be mentioned), substituted or unsubstituted C 6 to C 12 aryl group (for example, a phenyl group, p-tolyl group, m-tolyl group, or naphthyl group), substituted or unsubstituted preferably C 7 to C 12 aralkyl group (as a preferable substituent, a methyl group, ethyl group, fluorine atom, methoxy group, etc.
  • R 5 and R 6 bond together to indicate a propylene group, butylene group or pentylene group, whereby a cyclic structure is formed, and R 7 indicates a benzyl group, p-methoxybenzyl group, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl group, p-nitrobenzyl group, diphenylmethyl group or di(p-nitrophenyl)methyl group.
  • the compound (VIa) is deacetalized by an ordinary method to obtain the compound (VII).
  • the conditions for the deacetalization it is possible to use the many methods described in Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons ) etc.
  • the compound (VI) may be stirred in a mixture of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or another inorganic acid or organic acid and methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, dioxane, methylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, toluene, xylene or another inert solvent at, for example, -10°C to 100°C, preferably 0 to 50°C to obtain the compound (VII).
  • the compound (VIb) may be subjected to an azidation reaction similar to the conversion of the compound (V) to the compound (VIa) of Step 3 to obtain a compound having the formula (VII). That is, the compound (VIb) may be reacted in acetonitrile, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylsulfoxide, dimethylformamide or another inert solvent with 1 to 50 equivalent weights of sodium azide or lithium azide at 0 to 200°C, preferably 20 to 120°C to obtain the compound (VII). At this time, in the reaction, if necessary, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, or another base may also be added.
  • the compound (VII) obtained by this reaction may be directly used, as a material for production of the compound (VIIIa) or (VIIIb), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method such as recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound (VII) may be subjected to an acetalization reaction to obtain the compound (VIIIa).
  • the many methods described in Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis John Wiley & Sons ) etc. may be used. That is, the compound (VII) may be reacted with an acetalization agent in the presence of an organic acid or inorganic acid under non-solvent conditions or in diethylether, dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene or another inert solvent at, for example, 0 to 200°C, preferably 20 to 120°C to obtain the compound (VIIIa).
  • acetalization reagent acetone, 2,2-dimethoxypropane, 2-methoxypropene, 2-ethoxypropene, benzaldehyde, benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal, cyclohexanone, cyclohexanone dimethyl acetal, cyclopentanone, cyclopentanone dimethyl acetal, etc. may be used.
  • the primary hydroxy groups of the compound (VII) may be tritylized, then the other secondary hydroxy groups arylmethylated, then detritylized to obtain the compound (VIIIb).
  • the conditions for the tritylization for example, 0.8 to 2 equivalent weights of trityl bromide or trityl chloride may be reacted in diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide or another inert solvent in the presence of lithium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium, potassium, triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, Lutidine or another base at, for example, -50°C to 120°C, preferably -20°C to
  • arylmethylation agent benzyl chloride, benzyl bromide, p-methoxybenzyl chloride, m-methoxybenzyl chloride, p-nitrobenzyl chloride, p-nitrobenzyl bromide, etc.
  • reaction condition of the arylmethylation the conditions of the above tritylization may be used.
  • detritylization it is possible to use the many methods described in Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons ) etc.
  • the compound (VIIIa) or (VIIIb) obtained by the above reaction may be directly used, as a material for producing the compound (Xa) or (Xb), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method, for example, recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound having the formula (VIIIa) or (VIIIb) obtained at Step 4 may be subjected to a glycosidation reaction with the compound (IX) to obtain the compound (Xa)or (Xb).
  • R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and X are the same as defined above.
  • the compound (VIIIa) or (VIIIb) may be reacted with the compound (IX) in hexane, cyclohexane, methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, ether, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, benzene, toluene, xylene, dioxane, dimethylformamide or another inert solvent or their mixtures in the presence of boron trifluoride, silver perchlorate, tin (II) chloride, titanium tetrachloride, tin tetrachloride or another Lewis acid or tetra-n-butylammonium bromide or another halogenated ammonium salt at, for example, -100°C to 50°C, preferably -78°C to 30°C to obtain the compound (Xa) or (Xb).
  • the Lewis acid or halogenated ammonium salt used for this reaction may be used alone
  • the compound (Xa) or (Xb) obtained by the above reaction may be directly used, as a material for the next step, but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method, for example, recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the azide group of the compound having the formula (Xa) or (Xb) obtained at Step 5 may be reduced to an amino group to obtain the compound (XIa) or (XIb), then the compound subjected to an amidation reaction with a carboxylic acid derivative to obtain the compound (XIIa) or (XIIb).
  • R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and X are the same as defined above, and R 8 is a group according to the claims.
  • the compound (Xa) or (Xb) may be treated by zinc/hydrochloric acid, lithium aluminum hydride or another metal reagent or triphenylphosphine, trimethylphosphine, triethylphosphine, tributylphosphine or other triarylphosphine or trialkylphosphine or hydrogenated in the presence of Pd-C, Pd-CaCO 3 -Pb, Pd-BaSO 4 , PtO 2 etc. at room temperature to convert it to the compound (XIa) or (XIb).
  • the compound (XIa) or (XIb) obtained may be subjected to an amidation reaction with a carboxylic acid to derive the compound (XIIa) or (XIIb).
  • the amidation reaction used may be one of the many reactions described in Compendium for Organic Synthesis (Wiley-Interscience; A Division of John Wiley & Sons ) etc.
  • the compound (XIa) or (XIb) may be reacted with a corresponding carboxylic acid in methylene chloride, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, acetonitrile, benzene, toluene, xylene, dimethylformamide or another inert solvent in the presence of a carboxylic acid activating agent at, for example, -50°C to 120°C, preferably -20°C to 80°C, so as to obtain the compound (XIIa) or (XIIb).
  • a carboxylic acid activating agent at, for example, -50°C to 120°C, preferably -20°C to 80°C, so as to obtain the compound (XIIa) or (XIIb).
  • carboxylic acid activating reagent silicon tetrachloride, acetic anhydride, acetyl chloride, ethyl chlorocarbonate, 2-iodo-1-methylpyridinium iodide, 2-chloro-1-methylpyridinium iodide, diphenylphosphinylchloride, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N-hydroxybenzotriazole/DCC, 1-ethyl-3-(3-diethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, ethoxyacetylene, trimethylsilylethoxyacetylene, carbodiimidazole, diphenylphosphorylazide, diethylphosphorylcyanidate, etc.
  • DCC N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
  • DCC N-hydroxybenzotriazole/DCC
  • p-toluene sulfonic acid polyphosphoric acid or another acid or triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, pyridine, 2,6-Lutidine or another base may be added.
  • the compound (XIa) or (XIb) obtained by the above reaction may be directly used, as a material for the next step, but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method, for example, recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • the compound having the formula (XIIa) obtained at Step 6 may be deacetalized to obtain the compound (XIII) which may then be dearylmethylated to obtain the compound (I). Further, the compound of formula (XIIb) may also be dearylmethylated to similarly obtain the compound (I).
  • R 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are the same as defined above.
  • the conditions of the deacetalization and dearylmethylation it is possible to use the many methods described in Protective Groups In Organic Synthesis (John Wiley & Sons ) etc.
  • this may be performed by the method shown in Step 4.
  • the conditions of the dearylmethylation heating and refluxing in methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dimethylformamide or another solvent not participating in the reaction in the presence of Pd-C, Pd(OH) 2 , PtO 2 , etc. with the addition of 4-methylcyclohexene or hydrogenating at room temperature may be mentioned.
  • the compound (XIIa) obtained by the above reaction may be directly used, as a material for producing the compound (XIII), but may also be used, if necessary, after purification by a general purification method, for example, recrystallization or column chromatography. Further, the compound (I) obtained by this reaction may as required be purification by a general purification method such as recrystallization or column chromatography.
  • a glycolipid having the formula (I) of the present invention is low in toxicity.
  • a test administering compound 107 to 5-week old mice all 10 subjects administered intraperitoneally doses of 300 ⁇ g/kg twice a week for 4 months survived.
  • the yield is low, and therefore, this cannot be used as a practical method of synthesis.
  • An addition reaction to an epoxy intermediate using an organometallic reagent may be used to efficiently introduce the carbon chain of the Sphingosine base part.
  • compound 107 does not exhibit a clear melting point, but gradually melts at 120°C or more and does not exhibit crystallinity even in differential scan calorimetry (DSC) or powder X-ray crystallography, but it is learned that a hydrate of compound 107, that is, compound 129, has a melting point of 142 to 145°C and exhibits clear crystallinity in differential scan calorimetry (DSC) or powder X-ray crystallography. That is, it is possible to stably supply uniform quality products in large volumes.
  • the glycolipid (I) of the present invention may be administered alone, but if desired, may be prepared into a target preparation along with another usual pharmacologically acceptable vehicle. That is, the glycolipid (I) may be administered alone, as an active ingredient, or together with a general excipient in a suitable form such as a capsule, tablet, injection, etc. orally or parenterally.
  • the dosage of the drug for treatment of a disease where the Th1/Th2 immune balance is shifted toward the Th1 bias or a disease where the Th1 cells cause the symptoms to worsen or Th2 type cytokine producing derivative of the present invention depends on the patient's condition and age, the route of administration, the form of the drug, the number of times of adminstration, etc., but usually is 0.001 mg to 5000 mg/day/person, preferably 0.01 mg to 500 mg/day/person.
  • the compound 2 and a 2.0M benzylmagnesium chloride/tetrahydrofuran solution were used for the same procedure as with synthesis of the compound 3 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • the compound 2 and a 1.0M cyclopentylmagnesium bromide/tetrahydrofuran solution were used for the same procedure as with synthesis of the compound 3 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • the compound 2 and a 1.0M p-tolylmagnesium bromide/diethylether solution were used for the same procedure as with synthesis of the compound 3 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 6 The compound 8 synthesized in Example 6 was used for the same procedure as in Example 10 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 7 The compound 9 synthesized in Example 7 was used for the same procedure as in Example 10 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 8 The compound 10 synthesized in Example 8 was used for the same procedure as in Example 10 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 15 The compound 17 synthesized in Example 15 was used for the same procedure as in Example 19 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 16 The compound 18 synthesized in Example 16 was used for the same procedure as in Example 19 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 17 The compound 19 synthesized in Example 17 was used for the same procedure as in Example 19 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 24 The compound 26 synthesized in Example 24 was used for the same procedure as in Example 28 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 25 The compound 27 synthesized in Example 25 was used for the same procedure as in Example 28 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 26 The compound 28 synthesized in Example 26 was used for the same procedure as in Example 28 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 35 The compound 35 synthesized in Example 33 was used for the same procedure as in Example 39 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 34 The compound 36 synthesized in Example 34 was used for the same procedure as in Example 39 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 35 The compound 37 synthesized in Example 35 was used for the same procedure as in Example 39 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 44 The compound 45 synthesized in Example 44 was used for the same procedure as in Example 47 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 54 Synthesis of 5-cyclopentyl-2-azido-1-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-pentanetriol (Compound 54)
  • Example 45 The compound 46 synthesized in Example 45 was used for the same procedure as in Example 47 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 47 The compound 47 synthesized in Example 46 was used for the same procedure as in Example 47 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 60 Synthesis of 6-phenyl-2-amino-1-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-hexanetriol (Compound 60)
  • Example 53 The compound 53 synthesized in Example 53 was used for the same procedure as in Example 56 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 61 Synthesis of 5-cyclopentyl-2-amino-1-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-pentanetriol (Compound 61)
  • Example 54 The compound 54 synthesized in Example 54 was used for the same procedure as in Example 56 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 62 Synthesis of 5-(4-methylphenyl)-2-amino-1-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-pentanetriol (Compound 62)
  • Example 55 The compound 55 synthesized in Example 55 was used for the same procedure as in Example 56 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 71 Synthesis of 6-phenyl-2-tetracosanoylamino-1-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-hexanetriol (Compound 71)
  • Example 60 The compound 60 synthesized in Example 60 and n-tetracosanic acid were used for the same procedure as in Example 63 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 72 Synthesis of 5-cyclopentyl-2-tetracosanoylamino-1-O-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-pentanetriol (Compound 72)
  • Example 61 The compound 61 synthesized in Example 61 and n-tetracosanic acid were used for the same procedure as in Example 63 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 73 Synthesis of 5-(4-methylphenyl)-2-tetracosanoylamirio-1-O-(2;3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl- ⁇ -D-galactopyranosyl)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-D-ribo-1,3,4-pentanetriol (Compound 73)
  • Example 62 The compound 62 synthesized in Example 62 and n-tetracosanic acid were used for the same procedure as in Example 63 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 71 The compound 71 synthesized in Example 71 was used for the same procedure as in Example 85 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 72 The compound 72 synthesized in Example 72 was used for the same procedure as in Example 85 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 73 The compound 73 synthesized in Example 73 was used for the same procedure as in Example 85 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 85 To a solution of the compound 85 synthesized in Example 85 (70 mg, 0.66 mmol) in a methanol (3 ml)/chloroform (1 ml), palladium hydroxide (25 mg) was added under a stream of nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours to hydrogenate it. The catalyst was filtered off, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to quantitatively obtain the above-referenced compound (46 mg).
  • Example 93 The compound 93 synthesized in Example 93 was used for the same procedure as in Example 107 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 94 The compound 94 synthesized in Example 94 was used for the same procedure as in Example 107 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Example 95 The compound 95 synthesized in Example 95 was used for the same procedure as in Example 107 to obtain the above-referenced compound.
  • Splenocytes were prepared from the spleens of C57BL/6 mice (6 to 8 weeks old, female) and suspended in a RPMI1640 medium (purchased by Nakarai) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (purchased by GIBCO), 5x10- 5 M 2-mercaptoethanol (purchased by GIBCO), 1 mM pyruvate (purchased by SIGMA), and 25 mM HEPE (purchased by SIGMA). These were seeded on a 96-well flat bottom plate (purchased by IWAKI) in an amount of 5x10e5 cells/well and a glycolipid derivative was added to each at a final concentration of 100 ng/ml.
  • glycolipid derivatives where the substituent of the Sphingosine base part is a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group, these can be mass produced economically and efficiently.
  • Drugs containing these as active ingredients for the treatment of diseases where the Th1/Th2 immune balance is shifted toward the Th1 bias or diseases where the Th1 cells cause the symptoms to worsen or Th2 type cytokine producing derivatives are provided. Further, intermediates useful for the production of these compounds are also provided.

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Claims (9)

  1. Verbindung, die ein Glycolipid mit der Formel (I) ist:
    Figure imgb0069
     wobei
    R3 eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Cycloalkylgruppe, eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Arylgruppe, oder eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte Aralkylgruppe darstellt, und
    R8 -(CH2)m-CH3, wobei m 10 bis 25 ist, eine substituierte oder mit einer Alkylgruppe, einer Alkoxygruppe oder einer Amidgruppe substituierte C6-C35-Arylgruppe, oder eine unsubstituierte oder mit einer Alkylgruppe, einer Alkoxygruppe oder einer Amidgruppe substituierte C7-C35-Aralkylgruppe, darstellt;
    oder ein Hydrat davon.
  2. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, die das Hydrat ist, und wobei R8 in der Formel (I) -(CH2)m-CH3 darstellt, wobei m 10 bis 25 ist.
  3. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, in der R3 ausgewählt ist aus:
    einer Cyclopropylgruppe, einer Cyclobutylgruppe, einer Cyclopentylgruppe, einer Cyclohexylgruppe oder einer Cycloheptylgruppe, die entweder unsubstituiert oder substituiert ist mit einer Methylgruppe, einer Ethylgruppe, einer Propylgruppe, einer Butylgruppe, einer Methoxygruppe, einem Chloratom, einem Fluoratom oder einer Trifluormethylgruppe;
    einer Phenylgruppe, einer Pyridylgruppe oder einer Naphthylgruppe, die entweder unsubstituiert oder substituiert ist mit einer Methylgruppe, einer Ethylgruppe, einer Methoxygruppe, einem Fluoratom, einem Chloratom, einer Phenylgruppe, einer 2-Fluorphenylgruppe, einer Phenoxygruppe, einer Phenylmethylgruppe, einer Cyclopentylgruppe, einer Cyclopentyloxygruppe, einer Trifluormethylgruppe, einer Acylaminogruppe, einer Cyanogruppe, einer Cycloheptylgruppe oder einer Cyloheptyloxygruppe;
    einer Phenylmethylgruppe, einer Phenylethylgruppe, einer Pyridylmethylgruppe oder einer Naphthylmethylgruppe, die entweder unsubstituiert oder substituiert ist mit einem Fluoratom, einem Chloratom, einer Methylgruppe, einer Ethylgruppe, einer Methoxygruppe, einer Trifluormethylgruppe, einer Cyclopentylgruppe oder einer Cyclopentyloxygruppe.
  4. Arzneimittel oder ein Th2-Zytokin-erzeugendes Derivat, umfassend eine Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 als Wirkstoff.
  5. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 oder Arzneimittel nach Anspruch 4 zur Behandlung einer Autoimmunerkrankung.
  6. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 oder Arzneimittel nach Anspruch 4 zur Behandlung einer Erkrankung, bei der die Th1/Th2-Immunbalance in Richtung Th1 verschoben ist oder einer Erkrankung, bei der die Th1-Zellen die Symptome verschlimmern.
  7. Verbindung nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3 oder Arzneimittel nach Anspruch 4 zur Behandlung von multipler Sklerose, Myasthenia gravis, chronischer rheumatoider Arthritis, systemischem Lupus erythematosus, Sjögren-Syndrom, systemischer Sklerodermie, insulinabhängigem Diabetes, idiopathischer thrombozytopenischer Purpura, Hashimoto-Thyreoditis, Basedow-Krankheit (Morbus Basedow), perniziöser Anämie, Addison-Krankheit, atrophischer Gastritis, hämolytischer Anämie oder Colitis ulcerosa.
  8. Verwendung einer wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3 definierten Verbindung zur Herstellung eines Arzneimittels für die Behandlung einer Erkrankung, bei der die Th1/Th2-Immunbalance in Richtung Th1 verschoben ist oder bei der die Symptome durch Th1-Zellen verschlechtert sind.
  9. Verwendung nach Anspruch 8, in welcher das Arzneimittel zur Behandlung von multipler Sklerose, Myasthenia gravis, chronischer rheumatoider Arthritis, systemischem Lupus erythematosus, Sjögren-Syndrom, systemischer Sklerodermie, insulinabhängigem Diabetes, idiopathischer thrombozytopenischer Purpura, Hashimoto-Thyreoditis, Basedow-Krankheit (Morbus Basedow), perniziöser Anämie, Addison-Krankheit, atrophischer Gastritis, hämolytischer Anämie oder Colitis ulcerosa dient ist.
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WO2025033387A1 (ja) * 2023-08-07 2025-02-13 Ｅａファーマ株式会社 糖脂質誘導体の製造法及びそれらの合成中間体並びにその結晶体

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CN101165047B (zh) 2010-10-20
JP5246448B2 (ja) 2013-07-24
NO20054032D0 (no) 2005-08-30
JPWO2004072091A1 (ja) 2006-06-01
KR20050105215A (ko) 2005-11-03
EP1619199A4 (de) 2009-12-16
ES2450043T3 (es) 2014-03-21
CN100537585C (zh) 2009-09-09
US20060074235A1 (en) 2006-04-06
NO20054032L (no) 2005-11-01
US20100210828A1 (en) 2010-08-19
JP2011063593A (ja) 2011-03-31
BRPI0407501A (pt) 2006-02-14
US7732583B2 (en) 2010-06-08
CA2515396A1 (en) 2004-08-26
HUE037560T2 (hu) 2018-09-28
WO2004072091B1 (ja) 2004-11-11
JP4742220B2 (ja) 2011-08-10
EP1619199A1 (de) 2006-01-25
ES2676345T3 (es) 2018-07-18
US8034908B2 (en) 2011-10-11
EP2343306B1 (de) 2018-04-04
WO2004072091A1 (ja) 2004-08-26
AU2004210784A1 (en) 2004-08-26
CN1768072A (zh) 2006-05-03
CN101165047A (zh) 2008-04-23

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