Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F13/00—Common details of rotary presses or machines
  • B41F13/02—Conveying or guiding webs through presses or machines
  • B41F13/025—Registering devices
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
  • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
  • B41F33/0081—Devices for scanning register marks

Definitions

• the invention relates to methods and a device for influencing the fan-out effect according to claims 1, 2, 4 and 29.
• a system for controlling the fan-out effect is known from US 65 53 908 B1, wherein means for influencing the fan-out effect by means of measured values of at least one, better two first sensors spaced in the axial direction, and means of at least a second means using measured values Sensor means for influencing the side register are controlled.
• Transport level has blowing air nozzles. By applying compressed air to the nozzles, a supporting force is applied to the web in order to deflect it in the desired manner.
• DE 195 01 373 U1 discloses a device for the continuous correction of the fan-out effect.
• a signal from a sensor arranged in the edge region of the printed web is processed in a controller and control commands are issued to a corresponding actuator for the introduction of rolls.
• an actuator for the circumferential register can also be supplied with steep commands by this control processing the signal mentioned.
• the circumferential register control is carried out together with a side register control in a separate control system that differs from the above-mentioned control system, using a separately determined measurement signal.
• the invention has for its object to provide methods and an apparatus for influencing the fan-out effect.
• An important advantage that can be achieved with the invention is that, with the least possible effort, both page register and fan-out errors can be corrected quickly and reliably.
• Figure 2 is a schematic representation of webs of different widths.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic top view of a first exemplary embodiment of a device for influencing the fan-out effect
• Fig. 5 is a schematic plan view of a second or third embodiment of a device for influencing the fan-out effect.
• a printing press in particular a web-fed rotary printing press for printing on one or more webs B, has a plurality of units 100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 for supply, printing and further processing.
• a roll unwinder 100 the web B to be printed, in particular paper web B, is unwound before it is fed via a feed unit 200 to one or more printing units 300.
• Additional printing units 300 can be provided in addition to the printing units 300 provided as standard for multi-color printing (e.g. four pieces for four-color printing), which can then also be used, for example, alternately with one or more of the other printing units 300 for the flying printing plate change.
• a painting unit 400 can be provided in the web path.
• the web B passes through a dryer 500 and, if appropriate, is cooled again in a cooling unit 600 if the drying takes place in a thermal manner.
• a further conditioning device not shown in FIG. B.
• a coating device and / or rewetting can be provided.
• web B can be fed to a folder 800 via a superstructure 700.
• the superstructure 700 has at least one silicone mechanism (not shown in FIG. 1), a slitter and a turning device and a funnel unit.
• the silicone plant mentioned can also be in front of the superstructure 700, e.g. B. in the area of the cooling unit 600.
• the superstructure 700 can furthermore have a perforating unit (not shown in FIG. 1), a gluing unit, a numbering unit and / or a plow fold.
• a perforating unit not shown in FIG. 1
• a gluing unit e.g. B. a so-called.
• Plano boom 900 in which, for example, a web B not guided through the folder 800 is cut into format sheets and optionally stacked or laid out.
• the aggregates 100; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 of the printing press have an effective width transversely to the transport direction T of the web B, which the processing of webs B of a maximum width b or web width b (Fig. 2) of z. B. allowed up to 1,000 mm.
• the effective width here is the respective width or clear width of the components (eg roller, cylinder, feedthrough, sensor system, travel paths, etc.) which interact directly or indirectly with the web B; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 to understand, so that the full width b can be processed, conditioned and conveyed.
• the aggregates 100 are also; 200; 300; 400; 500; 600; 700; 800; 900 in their functionality (material supply, web transport, sensors, further processing) designed such that even partial webs B 'can be processed in the printing press down to a width b' of only 400 mm.
• the aggregates 100; defining or processing a section length a; 200; 300; 400; 500; 6Q0; 700; 800; 900 are designed such that they define, for example, a section length a of 540 to 700 mm on the web B.
• the section length a is advantageously between 540 and 630 mm. In a special version, the section length a is 620 ⁇ 10 mm.
• the Section length a is, for example, standard with four standing printed pages, z. B. A4, in the transverse direction of the web B next to each other and two printed pages (for example a length s) in the longitudinal direction one behind the other.
• other page numbers per section length a are also possible.
• the printing press has several, e.g. B. at least four, here in particular five essentially identically equipped printing units 300.
• the printing units 300 are preferably arranged next to one another and are separated from the web B; B 'run horizontally.
• the printing unit 300 is preferably used as a printing unit for offset printing, in particular as a double printing unit 300 or as an I printing unit 300 with two printing units 301, e.g. B. two offset printing units 301 for double-sided printing in the so-called rubber-against-rubber operation.
• At least one of the printing units 300 are arranged upstream and downstream of rollers 302, by means of which an incoming web B; B 'can be guided around the printing unit 300 below or above, a web B guided around an upstream printing unit 300; B 'can be carried out by the printing unit 300, or a web B carried out by the printing unit 300; B 'can be guided around the downstream printing unit 30O.
• Fig. 3 shows schematically the arrangement of two over the web B; B 'interacting printing units 301, each with a cylinder 303 as a transfer cylinder and a cylinder 303 designed as a forme cylinder 304; 304, an inking unit 305 and a dampening unit 306.
• the printing unit 300 has for each forme cylinder 304 devices for semi or fully automatic plate feeding 307 or changing a printing form 310, e.g. B. a pressure plate 310.
• At least one or more printing units 300 have additional ones Guide elements 308 close up before and after the nip point of the printing unit 300.
• Guide elements 308 close up before and after the nip point of the printing unit 300.
• a printing unit 300 be without printing and without contact between web B; B 'and transfer cylinders 303 are passed through, the path shown in broken lines in FIG. 3 using the guide elements 308 is advantageous.
• the guide elements 308 are preferably designed as air-flushed bars or rollers. This reduces the risk of abrasion of previously freshly printed ink.
• a washing device 309 is assigned to each transfer cylinder 303.
• the elastic surface of the transfer cylinder 303 can be cleaned by means of the washing device 309.
• the cylinders 303; 304 each have a circumference between 540 and 700 mm, preferably forme and transfer cylinders 303; 304 have the same scope.
• the circumferences are advantageously between 540 and 630 mm.
• the section length a is 620 + 10 mm.
• the printing unit 300 is designed such that cylinder 303; 304 with a circumference of 546 mm, 578 mm, 590 mm or 620 mm. For example, only an exchange of bearing elements 308 or a changed position of the holes in the side frame (and sprue; see below) for the cylinders 303; 304 and an adjustment of the drive (lever, see below).
• the transfer cylinder 303 has on its circumference at least one elevator, not shown, which is held in at least one channel running axially on the lateral surface.
• the transfer cylinder 303 preferably has only one over the effective length or essentially over the entire width of the web B to be printed; B 'reaching and essentially (except for one bump or a channel opening) around the entire circumference of the transfer cylinder 303 elevator.
• the elevator is preferably designed as a so-called metal printing blanket, which has an elastic layer (e.g. rubber) on an essentially dimensionally stable support layer, e.g. B. has a thin metal plate. The ends of this elevator are now inserted into the channel through an opening on the lateral surface and are held there by friction or positive locking.
• the ends are bent / folded (e.g. in the area of its leading end by approx. 45 ° and in the area of its trailing end by approx. 135 °). These ends extend through an opening of a channel which extends axially over the entire width to be used of the transmission cylinder 3 ⁇ 3 and which, for example, likewise has a locking, clamping or tensioning device.
• the opening to the channel in the area of the circumferential surface in the circumferential direction of the cylinder 304 preferably has a width of 1 to 5 mm, in particular less than or equal to 3 mm.
• the clamp is advantageously pneumatically actuated, for. B. as one or more pneumatically actuated levers, which are biased in the closed state by means of spring force against the trailing end reaching into the channel.
• a hose which can be pressurized with pressure medium can preferably be used as the actuating means.
• the inking unit 305 has in addition to an ink supply, for. B. a paint box 31 1 with an actuator 312 for regulating the ink flow, a plurality of rollers 313 to 325.
• the ink supply can also be designed as a doctor bar. With rollers 313 to 325 placed against one another, the ink passes from the ink fountain 311 via the inking roller 313, the film roller 314 and a first inking roller 315 to a first rubbing cylinder 316. via at least one inking roller 317 to 320 to at least one further distribution cylinder 321; 324 and from there via at least one application roller 322; 323; 325 onto the surface of the forme cylinder 304.
• the ink from the first distribution cylinder 316 can be passed through various possible paths either selectively or simultaneously (in series or in parallel) via two additional distribution cylinders 321; 324 to the Applicator rollers 322; 323; 325.
• the second distribution cylinder 324 can simultaneously with a roller 328, for. B. applicator roller 328, the dampening unit 306 act together.
• the roller 328 acts with a further roller 329 of the dampening unit 306, e.g. B. a rubbing roller 329, in particular an iridescent chrome roller 329 together.
• the chrome roller 329 receives the dampening solution from a dampening device, e.g. B. a roller 330, in particular an immersion roller 330, which in a fountain solution 332, z. B. a water tank.
• a drip plate 335 for collecting condensate water forming on the water tank is arranged, which can be heated in an advantageous embodiment, for. B. is carried out by means of a heating coil.
• the inking unit 305 has at least one further roller 236 in addition to the rollers 313 to 325, by means of which ink can be removed from the inking unit 305 in the ink path, in particular in front of the first distribution cylinder 316. This takes place in that a corresponding removal device 333 can be set on this roller 326 itself, or, as shown, on a roller 327 cooperating with it (FIG. 3).
• the printing unit 300 - in particular a printing unit 300 following a first printing unit 300 has a device for influencing in its input area or in the area of its input gusset between the two transfer cylinders 303 the fan-out effect 336, ie to influence a change in the transverse extent / width of the web B caused, for example, by the preceding printing process (in particular the moisture); B 'from pressure point to pressure point.
• the device 336 is preferably arranged in the entrance area of a printing unit 300 following a first printing unit 300, ie when the web B; B 'has already been printed on at least once. It has at least actuator 338, e.g. B. a support member 338, by means of which under Touching the web B; B 'or advantageously the same can be deflected in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the path.
• At least one support element 338 designed as a nozzle 338 is arranged on a cross member 337 (FIG. 4) in such a way that gas, in particular air, flowing out of it is directed onto the web B; B 'is directed.
• Bahn B; B ' is more or less corrugated or deflected from an essentially flat cross-section when passing through this area, depending on the strength of the current, which corrects the width b; b 'and the lateral alignment results in each partial area of the printed image.
• Axial side by side z. B. arranged at least five, in particular seven nozzles 338. Possibly.
• B 'staggered support elements 338 can be arranged, which interlock tooth-like over the web and the web B; B 'deform wavy, the strength of the air flow, z. B. per nozzle 338, is preferably set by means of servo valves, not shown.
• a pressure from 0 to maximum value can be assigned to each nozzle 338 manually, via a control or regulation. It is also possible to assign the same value to all nozzles 338, but by specifically selecting a subset (less than or equal to the total number of nozzles) 338 of opened nozzles 338, the type and strength of the correction, i. H. adjust the ripple or deflection.
• the nozzles 338, at least the outermost nozzles 338 in each case, or all nozzles 338 except for the one lying in the middle, are arranged on the traverse 337 in an axially adjustable manner.
• the adjustability can be done on manually adjustable techniques (loosening and moving, manually driven spindle (s) etc.) or by drives (e.g. motorized).
• the latter is particularly advantageous if the axial positioning or at least presetting is automatically carried out by the machine control on the basis of the intended width b; b 'of lane B; B 'is made.
• the device for influencing the fan-out effect 336 receives its positioning commands from a control 339, which in turn receives the measured values for the lateral position of marks, (partial) print image sections or (partial) printed on with the different printing units (different color) one after the other.
• Partial print image or partial print image detail is to be understood in the following to mean a print image or partial print image of one of several colors of the same print image or partial print image applied one after the other, often referred to as “color separation” of one of the colors to be printed
• Printing inks is then composed of four color separations, ie four partial printing images for the colors to be superimposed.
• FIG. 4 shows, by way of example, two marks M1.1 applied by a first printing unit 300.1 and spaced apart from one another in the axial direction; M1.2 and two marks M2.1 applied by a second printing unit 300.2; M2.2 shown, the marks marked with Mx.1 and the marks marked with Mx.2 in the correct setting of the machine in each case in the same alignment (ie an axial distance is zero), or in another version at least in one axially fixed predetermined finite distance (default values) from one another.
• a series of in each case one mark M1 applied by printing unit 300; M2 etc. (first version) or a series of defined pixels or image areas from the partial print images (second version) are sufficient (in the coordinate cross in FIG. 4, a relative position of the successive marks viewed in the x direction).
• a relative target position e.g. zero distance
• the printing units or the forme cylinder 304 carrying the respective print image is aligned axially with respect to one another until the desired position is correct and the partial print images assume the required position in the axial direction with respect to one another.
• a target position is preferably determined via the position of one of the printed marks M1; M2 etc. as a reference mark - especially when combined with the fan-out control described below, advantageously the position of the first printed mark M1 from the first printing unit 300 - is defined, and the other printing units 300 or marks M2 etc. are aligned accordingly.
• the partial print images are preferably controlled relative to one another and not absolutely to the measurement location or to the fixed sensor 341.
• the same can in principle be applied to the definition of the desired position of a partial print image detail or partial print image, in which case, for example, the first partial print image (or defined pixels of the first partial print image) is used as a reference, and the other partial print images (or pixels of the other partial print images) are aligned with it.
• Relative target positions of the other partial print images for reference can be obtained, for example, from the recorded measurement data of a print which is found to be good, or advantageously directly from image data of the prepress stage.
• the side register control 342 aligns the respective partial print image (one color) in its axial position as a whole. For this, z. B. by means of an actuator or actuating means 343 of the forme cylinder 304 or the printing plate 310 located on the forme cylinder 304 correspondingly relative to the web B; B 'moved axially.
• the sensors and possibly parts of the side register control 342 are now used to control the device for influencing the fan-out effect 336 or vice versa. So that the sensor system 341 of the side register control 342 can also be used in parallel for the device for influencing the fan-out effect 336, the sensor system 341 in an advantageous first exemplary embodiment (FIG. 4) has at least two measuring points arranged next to one another in the axial direction, ie Sensors 341, each one on the web B; B 'located partial print image section or the above printed mark M1.1; M1.2; M2.1; Detect M2.2.
• the sensors 341 can be used as an image sensor, e.g. B. be designed as a read head with appropriate evaluation software of a system for color register control.
• the correction is carried out on the printing unit causing the deviation (form cylinder 304) via the adjusting means 343 for the page register;
• the evaluation of the measurement leads to the result that the correct axial position of the partial print image is assumed, but a distortion / broadening of the partial print image compared to the reference is present, the correction is carried out via the device for influencing the fan-out effect 336.
• both corrections are of course carried out, with one cycle being advantageous to correct the side register first and then the distortion.
• the brands M1.1; M1.2 are to be defined as reference marks and the required axial distance between the following marks M2.1; M2.2 of a series should be zero for the sake of simplicity - ie they should be aligned with the reference.
• the marks M1 .1 and M2.1 printed on are preferably axially viewed essentially in a central printing area which - assuming a correct web run - also corresponds approximately to the area of the web center M. They can also be at a distance from the center of the printing area / web area known from the printing forms).
• one of the sensors 341 (and the associated marks M1.1; M2.1) is therefore essentially in the center of the running web B; B 'or arranged to the full width of the printed image and the other in an area close to the edge.
• B the page register
• the page register sensor 341 is not always center of the web B; B 'is arranged, this combined procedure is advantageous in so far as a statement about the error in the page register can only be made with knowledge of the extent in the fan-out.
• a misinterpretation of a signal used for example for side register control 342 can be avoided. If at least one of the two measuring locations (or pixels, see below) is known, an extrapolation to the center of the web is possible, which usually results from d, R. derives the size of the page register error.
• the control 339 and the side register control 342 can therefore, for example, be modules of a common program, the steps of which are carried out sequentially and, if appropriate, cyclically. B. a common algorithm is assigned.
• the control 339 for influencing the side register and the side register control regulation 342 can also be designed as two different computing algorithms, which, however, are preferably coupled to one another.
• control device 345 a software and / or hardware technology unit, referred to here as control device 345, can be provided for both purposes.
• the control 339 for influencing the page register and the page register control regulation 342 can also be designed as structurally separate hardware units. This is advantageous, for example, when retrofitting existing solutions or when using finished purchased parts, but preferably a signal connection should be provided at least for transferring the page register error to the page register control system 342.
• the brands M1.1; M1.2; M2.1; M2.2 or at least one series of marks M1.1, M2.1 and / or M1.2, M2.2 of successive printing units 300 are also evaluated for their position or a distance in the transport direction relative to one another or to a reference mark in order to correct the circumferential register (color register) of the partial print images relative to one another (in the coordinate cross in FIG. 4, a relative position of the successive marks viewed in the y direction). If there is a deviation of one or more partial print images, the circumferential register is corrected by rotating the corresponding printing unit or its forme cylinder 304 relatively in its angular position relative to the other / to the reference printing unit by adjusting means (not shown) or by the individual drive. This evaluation and, if appropriate, corresponding activation can also be carried out by the controller 345.
• the positions or distances of successive marks M1.1, M2.1; and M1.2, M2.2 of the two series are evaluated for the position or spacing in the transport direction relative to one another or to a reference mark. If an error in the distance of marks M1.1, M2.1 of one series deviates from an error in the corresponding distance of marks M1.2, M2.2 of the other series in the direction of transport (y) of path B; B 'viewed from, it can be concluded that there is an angular error in one of the partial printing images - for example, caused by an exposure error during printing form production or an incorrect platening. The relevant partial print image is then rotated by an angle ⁇ relative to the other. This error is then z. B. counteracted by inclining at least one of the forme cylinders 304, which is referred to as places of an inclined register or with cocking.
• the fan-out effect is monitored and evaluated together with the side register (x direction) and / or the circumferential register (y direction) and / or the inclined register.
• a single sensor 341 which detects the print image at least on a scanning width b341, is arranged in place of the two series 34 of sensors 341, the scanning width b341 spanning at least the position of the two series of brands.
• Sensor 341 designed as a line or area camera (see below) is first identified by means of appropriate image processing software, the (differently colored) marks M1.1; M2.1; M1.2; M2.2 - e.g. B. formed as crosses - and then an evaluation in the manner described for the first embodiment.
• a sensor 341 that detects the print image of the differently colored partial print images is arranged at least on a scanning width b341 that is significantly extended in the axial direction.
• significant Scanning width b341 here means a width which makes it possible to detect the two sufficiently axially spaced image points of a partial print image (one color) on the basis of the section considered.
• defined pixels of the first partial print image can be used as a reference, and the other partial print images (or pixels of the other partial print images) can be aligned with this reference.
• Relative target positions of the other partial print images or their pixels for reference or for reference pixels can be obtained, for example, from the recorded measurement data of a print that is found to be good, or advantageously directly from image data of the prepress stage.
• the relative positions of the relevant reference points (image points) of all partial print images (colors) with respect to one another are obtained via the prepress and are stored as relative target positions with respect to one another.
• the minimum scanning width b341 in the second and third exemplary embodiment - in view of the resolution of corresponding cameras and the expected print image quality - should be at least a fourth! the maximum in the machine too processing web width b.
• the scanning width b341 is at least half of this web width b and covers the print image of an entire web half from the web center M.
• the - usually symmetrical - fan-out effect can be precisely determined on one half of the web and the appropriate countermeasures can be determined and initiated (individual, profiled control of nozzles, rollers, etc.).
• the entire scanning width b341 is advantageously continuously evaluated for the change in elongation (fan-out).
• Scanning width b341 here does not mean the width of sensor 341, but the width of its field of view on path B; B ', which is indicated by dashed lines (diverging) in Fig. 5 schematically.
• an image sensor 34 e.g. B. a color camera 341, in particular a digital semiconductor camera 341 with at least one CCD chip at the output of the web B in the transport direction; B 'arranged last printing unit 300 of the printing press and preferably with its image recording area directly and directly on the web B; B ', the image recording area of the image sensor 341 in the transverse direction advantageously at least the entire web width b; b 'has a scanning width b341.
• the image sensor 341 thus detects an electronically evaluable image of the entire width b; b 'of the printed web B; B '.
• the image sensor 341 is e.g. B. designed as a surface camera 341.
• the captured image is then transmitted both with regard to the side register and the fan-out possibly evaluated for the circumferential register and / or the inclined register and then, if necessary, setting commands to the respective setting means 338; 343 issued.
• the two sensors 341 can each be designed as image sensors 341, in particular having a CCD chip.
• the sensor 341 when the sensor 341 is designed as the sensor 341 that detects the print image over the entire width b, other parameters relevant to the printing process can also be checked or evaluated by a corresponding evaluation unit and, if necessary, automatically corrected by programs running in the evaluation unit.
• the evaluation and correction of several parameters relevant to the printing process can be carried out practically in parallel by means of the same evaluation unit, for example the control unit 345.
• the image captured by the image sensor 341 during ongoing production of the printing press and supplied in the form of a data quantity to the corresponding evaluation unit can be evaluated as to whether the print image currently captured and evaluated by the image is compared to a previously captured and evaluated print image (or a stored one Reference) has a tonal value change, ie a currently recorded image is checked in the ongoing printing process in comparison with a reference image.
• the color density or the dosage and / or the supply of the color in the printing press in one or more printing units 301 can be symbolized in a manner symbolized only by an actuator 347 by means of corresponding control commands (setting the color meter , Setting of a roller and / or ink temperature) can be changed.
• the use of a line scan camera with permanent illumination is also possible as an alternative to the preferred area camera 341 - in particular with a flash lamp.
• micro-openings do not form a sharp air jet, but an air cushion between surface and web B; B 'off.
• the micro-openings have a diameter of less than 500 ⁇ m, advantageously less than or equal to 300 ⁇ m, in particular less than or equal to 150 ⁇ m.
• these can be open pores of a porous material, in particular sintered material, which forms the effective surface on the support element 338, with pores of average diameter (average size) of less than 150 ⁇ m, e.g. B. 5 to 60 microns, in particular 10 to 30 microns.
• these represent the outward-facing openings of microbores with a diameter of less than or equal to 300 ⁇ m, in particular between 60 and 150 ⁇ m.
• the printing unit 301 in an advantageous embodiment has the device 307 for - at least partially automated - changing of a printing form 310 on the associated form cylinder 304.
• the device 307 is designed in two parts and has one in the area of a nip between the forme and transfer cylinders 303; 304 arranged pressing device 344, also called “semi-automatic exchange” 344, and a structurally separate magazine 346 with feed and receiving devices for the printing forms 310.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
• Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
• Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
• Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
• Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
• Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
• Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)

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  • 2004-07-08 WO PCT/EP2004/051406 patent/WO2005007406A2/fr not_active Ceased
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