EP1675659B1 - Vetement de protection nbc - Google Patents

Vetement de protection nbc Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1675659B1
EP1675659B1 EP04727883.3A EP04727883A EP1675659B1 EP 1675659 B1 EP1675659 B1 EP 1675659B1 EP 04727883 A EP04727883 A EP 04727883A EP 1675659 B1 EP1675659 B1 EP 1675659B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
membrane
adsorption material
adsorption
chemical toxins
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP04727883.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1675659A1 (fr
Inventor
Hasso von Blücher
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Bluecher GmbH
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Bluecher GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE10354623A external-priority patent/DE10354623A1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D5/00—Composition of materials for coverings or clothing affording protection against harmful chemical agents
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249981—Plural void-containing components
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
    • Y10T428/249991—Synthetic resin or natural rubbers
    • Y10T428/249992—Linear or thermoplastic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31725—Of polyamide
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2508—Coating or impregnation absorbs chemical material other than water
    • Y10T442/2516—Chemical material is one used in biological or chemical warfare

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a breathable adsorbent material having protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with improved wearing comfort, in particular for the production of protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (for example for patient transport) and the like, in particular for the ABC use, as well as its use in the aforementioned protective materials.
  • protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (for example for patient transport) and the like, in particular for the ABC use, as well as its use in the aforementioned protective materials.
  • the air- and water-vapor-tight protective suits which are equipped with a chemical poisons impermeable rubber layer and very quickly lead to heat build-up
  • the air and water vapor permeable protective suits which offer the highest comfort
  • protective suits which are equipped with a membrane that let through water vapor, but not the aforementioned toxins.
  • ABC protective clothing is traditionally made either from completely impermeable systems (eg suits made of butyl rubber) or permeable, adsorptive filter systems based on activated carbon (powder, fiber or ball carbon).
  • the air-permeable, permeable protective suits generally have an adsorption layer with activated carbon, which binds the chemical poisons very permanently, so that no danger arises even from heavily contaminated suits for the wearer.
  • the great advantage of this system is that the activated carbon is also accessible on the inside, so that any damage to damaged or other leaks penetrated poisons are adsorbed very quickly.
  • the carbon layer may be temporarily overwhelmed locally.
  • the adsorption layer in the previously described, air-permeable, permeable protective suits is in most cases designed such that either on average up to about 1.0 mm large activated carbon particles are bound to adhered to a carrier Klebepufchen or that a reticulated PU foam, the impregnated with a "carbon paste” (ie, binder and activated carbon) is used as the adsorption, wherein the adsorption layer is generally supplemented by an "outer” (ie, a cover) and covered on the inner side facing the carrier by a light textile material is.
  • an activated carbon nonwoven include.
  • protective suits are used, which are equipped with a membrane that is designed to increase the wearing comfort while permeable to water vapor, but at the same time acts as a barrier against liquids, especially toxins.
  • a membrane that is designed to increase the wearing comfort while permeable to water vapor, but at the same time acts as a barrier against liquids, especially toxins.
  • Such a material is for example in the EP 0 827 451 A2 described.
  • Protective suits with a permeable to water vapor, but for poisons, especially skin poisons, impermeable membrane have the disadvantage that at leaks penetrated poisons remain inside the protective suit and are absorbed by the skin of the wearer.
  • the EP 0 525 409 A2 relates to a layer structure in which an adsorbent, such as activated carbon, on both sides of porous fluoropolymer films, each additionally having a water vapor-permeable adhesive, is sandwiched in the manner of a sandwich structure.
  • an adsorbent such as activated carbon
  • the concerns DE 39 39 373 A1 a protective suits material and a method of making the same, comprising a punctiform polyurethane-based adhesive layer adhered to the spherical adsorbents on a microporous Teflon membrane laminated to a textile air permeable support.
  • the US 5,391,426 A relates to a composite material having toxicant gas barrier properties, the composite comprising a layer of an air-impermeable, water vapor permeable polymeric material sandwiched between two layers of flexible material, the flexible material selected from microporous or nonporous polymeric films and impermeable to water, but is permeable to water vapor.
  • the material may include an adsorbent material.
  • a protective material comprising a web as a substrate, a sorbent layer and a composite membrane having a microporous support membrane and an ultrathin selective permeable membrane.
  • the US 4,860,382 A. describes a protective garment, which consists of an outer and an inner layer, which are separated from each other and are held together only by seams.
  • the outer layer comprises a fire-resistant textile, which is bonded to a microporous material, wherein the microporous material is liquid-impermeable, but permeable to water vapor.
  • the inner layer comprises a gas adsorbing material.
  • the US 5 273 814 A relates to a material for use in fabrics which comprises a liquid-impermeable layer and a second layer which adjoins the liquid-impermeable layer and which comprises a water-vapor-permeable adhesive.
  • the second layer to an adsorbent material which is applied to the outer surface of the second layer and at least partially embedded in this.
  • the second layer has a mesh or grid insert, which is to exert a protective function with respect to the adsorbent particles.
  • a water-vapor-permeable, waterproof material which consists of a carrier material and an associated elastic, waterproof, but water vapor-permeable, non-porous membrane, are adhered to the Adsorberteilchen.
  • the adsorbent particles can additionally be covered by a light textile material.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent material, in particular for use in protective materials, such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like, which - in addition to a water vapor permeable, the passage in particular of chemical warfare and toxins (eg B. Skin toxins) at least strongly retarding or preventing membrane - contains an adsorption layer based on activated carbon. In this case, a certain weight saving of the adsorption material is desired.
  • chemical warfare and toxins eg B. Skin toxins
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent material, especially for use in protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers and the like, which ensures high wearing comfort.
  • the present invention proposes an adsorption material according to claim 1. Further, advantageous embodiments of the adsorption material according to the invention are the subject of the respective subclaims or the additional claims.
  • Another object of the present invention is the use of the adsorbent material according to the invention for the production of protective materials, in particular of protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (eg for patient transport) and the like, preferably for ABC use.
  • protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes, protective covers (eg for patient transport), protective suits and the like, in particular for ABC use, which are produced with the adsorption material according to the invention.
  • the single FIGURE shows a schematic sectional view through the layer structure 2 of an adsorption material 1 according to the invention according to a specific embodiment.
  • the inventive breathable adsorbent material 1 according to the present invention which is equipped with a protective function against chemical toxins, in particular chemical warfare agents, has a multilayer coating structure 2, wherein the layer structure 2 at least one particular planar support layer 3 and one of the support layer 3, the Having passage of chemical toxins preventing or at least retarding barrier layer 4; the barrier layer 4 in turn comprises on the one hand at least one adsorption layer 5 based on activated carbon and adsorbing adsorbent adsorbent on the other hand at least one at least substantially water and air impermeable, but water vapor permeable, the passage of chemical toxins retardant or at least substantially impermeable to chemical poisons membrane 6th
  • the basic idea of the present invention is to provide a breathable adsorbent material 1 having a multilayered layer structure 2 with an enhanced protective function against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, by providing the barrier layer 4 with at least one adsorption layer 5 as well as at least one at least substantially water and air impermeable, but permeable to water vapor, retarding the passage of chemical poisons or at least substantially impermeable to chemical poisons membrane 6 is equipped.
  • a good decontamination and regenerability of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention is achieved. Because by the outer or support layer 3 optionally penetrated, located on the membrane 6 poisons can be removed by appropriate treatment readily from the membrane 6 again (eg., By flushing, for example, with suitable decontamination, which the skilled person for these purposes are well known).
  • the barrier layer 4 of the adsorption material 1 according to the invention thus comprises both an adsorption layer 5 and a membrane 6 having the aforementioned properties.
  • the combination of adsorption layer 5, on the one hand, and membrane 6, on the other hand, according to the layer structure 2 according to the invention, ensures efficient protection against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with simultaneously high wearing comfort, in particular breathability.
  • the carrier layer 3 is advantageously arranged on the outside, in particular facing a chemical toxin-releasing pollutant source. Consequently, the barrier layer 4, with respect to the carrier layer 3, is advantageously arranged on the inside, in particular facing away from a toxic substance-releasing pollutant source.
  • the adsorption material 1 also has at least one in particular flat, the adsorption layer 5 associated cover layer 7.
  • the covering layer 7 can serve in particular for covering the barrier layer 4, in particular the adsorption layer 5.
  • the covering layer 7 can contribute in particular to preventing an excessive mechanical loading of the barrier layer 4, in particular of the adsorption layer 5.
  • the covering layer 7 can simultaneously serve as a carrier for the adsorbent of the adsorption layer 5 and / or for the membrane 6.
  • the cover layer 7 may be part of the barrier layer 4.
  • the adsorption material 1 also has at least one additional, in particular planar, additional covering layer 8, wherein the additional covering layer 8 is preferably arranged on the inside in the use state of the adsorption material 1, in particular avoids a toxic substance-releasing pollutant source, ie, opposite the carrier layer 3 is arranged.
  • the additional covering layer 8 and the carrier layer 3 can in particular form the two outer layers 3, 8 of the adsorption material 1, the additional covering layer 8 advantageously forming an inner lining in the state of use of the adsorption material 1.
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 can each be connected to one another; This is done by methods known per se for this purpose (eg by gluing, welding, sewing, stapling etc.).
  • the bonding or fixing of the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 takes place in each case seamlessly, preferably without damaging the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 (eg. by gluing, welding, etc.).
  • it is recommended to seal the seams eg., With a so-called seam sealing tape).
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 form a coherent composite.
  • the individual layers 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 of the layer structure 2 but also - at least partially - unconnected, z. B. be placed over each other loosely.
  • the carrier layer 3 is generally arranged on the outside, in particular facing a chemical toxins releasing pollutant source and the additional cover layer 8 arranged on the inside, in particular a chemical toxins releasing pollutant source averted.
  • the covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 can serve to stabilize and / or protect the adsorption layer 5 and / or the membrane 6.
  • the covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 may be formed as a preferably air-permeable textile material, in particular a textile fabric, such as a woven, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or textile composite.
  • the covering layer 7 and / or the additional covering layer 8 preferably have a lower weight per unit area than the carrier layer 3.
  • the covering layer 7 has a basis weight of 5 to 75 g / m 2 , in particular 10 to 50 g / m 2 , preferably 15 to 30 g / m 2 , preferably less than 60 g / m 2 , in particular less than 50 g / m 2 , preferably less than 40 g / m 2 .
  • the additional carrier layer 8 in particular has a basis weight of 5 to 150 g / m 2 , in particular 20 to 125 g / m 2 , preferably 30 to 100 g / m 2 , preferably 40 to 90 g / m 2 .
  • the covering layer 7 and / or additional covering layer 8 can be made resistant to abrasion and, in particular, consist of an abrasion-resistant textile material.
  • any desired, in particular breathable materials can be used here.
  • woven, knitted, knitted, scrim or textile composites such as woven, knitted, knitted, scrim or textile composites.
  • the nonwoven fabric may be a nonwoven.
  • oleophobization and / or hydrophobing of the material of the carrier layer 3 is recommended, in particular by a special impregnation.
  • the material of the carrier layer 3 generally has a basis weight of 50 to 300 g / m 2 , in particular 75 to 250 g / m 2 , preferably 90 to 175 g / m 2 .
  • the carrier layer 3 as an air-permeable, 75 to 250 g / m 2 , preferably 90 to 175 g / m 2 heavy textile fabric, which may be equipped oleophobic and / or hydrophobic formed.
  • the thickness of the membrane 6 is generally 1 to 500 .mu.m, in particular 1 to 250 .mu.m, preferably 1 to 100 .mu.m, preferably 1 to 50 .mu.m, more preferably from 2.5 to 30 .mu.m, most preferably 5 to 25 microns.
  • the membrane 6 at 25 ° C and at a thickness of 50 microns has a high water vapor permeability of at least 12.5 l / m 2 per 24 h, in particular at least 17.5 l / m 2 per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l / m 2 per 24 h or more (measured by the "inverted cup method" according to ASTM E 96 and at 25 ° C) (For more details on the measurement of water vapor permeability (WVT) cf. . also McCullough et al. "A comparison of standard methods for measuring water vapor permeability of fabrics" in Meas. Sci. Technol. [Measurements Science and Technology] 14, 1402-1408, August 2003 ). This ensures a particularly high wearing comfort.
  • the water vapor permeability of the adsorption material 1 as a whole is slightly lower compared to the membrane 6 alone; the total water vapor permeability of the adsorption material 1 is nevertheless very high and amounts to at least 10 l / m 2 per 24 h, in particular at least 15 l / m 2 per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l / m 2 per 24 h, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 ⁇ m (at 25 ° C).
  • the membrane 6 should, for reasons of breathability, a low water vapor transmission resistance R et under stationary conditions - measured according to DIN EN 31 092: 1993 of February 1994 ("Textiles - Physiological effects, measurement of heat and water vapor transmission resistance under stationary conditions [sweating guarded-hotplate test ] ”) or according to the same international standard ISO 11 092 - at 35 ° C of at most 30 (m 2 ⁇ Pascal) / watt, in particular at most 25 (m 2 ⁇ Pascal) / watt, preferably at most 20 (m 2 ⁇ Pascal) / Watt, have a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 microns.
  • the water vapor transmission resistance R et of the adsorption material 1 is slightly higher than that of the membrane 6 alone; In general, the water vapor transmission resistance R et of the adsorption material 1 is at most 30 (m 2 ⁇ Pascal) / watt, in particular at most 25 (m 2 ⁇ Pascal) / watt, preferably at most 20 (m 2 ⁇ Pascal) / watt, with a thickness of Diaphragm 6 of 50 ⁇ m.
  • the membrane 6 should at most only be able to absorb or swell water to a slight extent; a slight water absorption capacity or swelling capacity increases the wearing comfort.
  • the swelling capacity or the water absorption capacity of the membrane 6 should not exceed 35%, in particular at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, based on the Dead weight of the membrane 6, amount.
  • the membrane 6 should be at least substantially impermeable to liquids, in particular water, and / or aerosols, or at least delay their passage.
  • the membrane 6 should have no or substantially no strongly hydrophilic groups, in particular no hydroxyl groups.
  • the membrane 6 may have weakly hydrophilic groups, for example polyether groups.
  • the membrane 6 may consist of or comprise a plastic or a polymer material. Such a plastic or such a polymer may suitably z. B. be selected from the group of polyurethanes, polyetheramides, polyesteramides, polytetrafluoroethylenes and / or polymers based on cellulose and derivatives of the aforementioned compounds.
  • the membrane 6 can be obtained as a reaction product from the reaction of an isocyanate, in particular a masked or blocked isocyanate, with an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker.
  • the membrane 6 may be a polyurethane-based membrane.
  • the membrane 6 may also be an expanded, optionally microporous membrane based on polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the membrane 6 is designed as a multilayer membrane laminate or as a multilayer membrane composite.
  • This membrane laminate or membrane composite consists of at least two, preferably at least three, interconnected membrane layers or layers.
  • this membrane laminate or membrane composite may comprise a core layer based on a cellulose-based polymer and two outer layers bonded to the core layer, in particular based on a polyurethane, a polyetheramide and / or a polyesteramide.
  • the core layer based on a cellulose-based polymer may be formed as a 1 to 100 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 10 to 20 ⁇ m thick membrane and the two outer layers connected to the core layer may each be 1 to 100 ⁇ m, in particular 5 be formed to 50 microns, preferably 5 to 10 microns thick membrane.
  • This particular embodiment of the membrane 6 makes it possible to use different membrane materials, each with different properties, in particular different water vapor permeabilities and / or barrier effects against chemical toxins to combine with each other and so to achieve an optimization of the properties of the membrane 6.
  • cellulose and cellulose derivatives are excellent barrier materials, especially against chemical pollutants or toxins such.
  • the core layer be based on a cellulose-based polymer, while the two outer layers of the membrane 6 are formed by polyurethane layers.
  • the membrane 6 in order to increase the stability, in particular the tear strength, of the membrane 6 in the production process (for example when printing the membrane 6 with hot adhesive) as well as during use or during wear, the membrane 6 can be provided on an additional, In the figure, not shown, carrier layer applied or laminated.
  • the membrane 6 has a certain elasticity.
  • the membrane 6 can be stretched or stretched to at least 10%, in particular to at least 20%, preferably to at least 30% or more, at least in one direction (based on the membrane 6).
  • the layer structure 2 as a whole should for the aforementioned purposes - in addition to a good flexibility - also have a certain elasticity;
  • the elasticity of the layer structure 2 as a whole is slightly lower, and generally the layer structure 2 is at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, more preferably at least 15% or more, at least one Direction stretchable or stretchable.
  • the membrane 6 can simultaneously represent the adhesive layer 7 for fixing the adsorption layer 5.
  • the membrane 6 must be self-adhesive, in particular heat-tacky, formed. According to this particular embodiment, there is a saving in weight, as can be dispensed with an additional adhesive layer.
  • the flow rates of the adsorptive activated carbon filter layers 5 can be reduced or possibly even reduced to zero.
  • the adsorptive filter layers 5 can therefore be reduced by up to 90% in their thickness and mass, depending on the diffusion rate of pollutants through the membrane 6.
  • the protective suits obtained are particle-tight, so that they can also serve to protect against B-weapons and radioactive particles.
  • the adsorptive filter layers 5 can not be reduced in weight because of the air flow.
  • the membranes 6 serve as effective particle filters for aerosols, B-weapons and radioactive particles.
  • the adsorption layer 5 of the adsorption material 1 is generally discontinuous, d. H.
  • the adsorption layer 5 generally comprises discrete adsorbent particles adsorbing chemical poisons (eg adsorbents based on activated charcoal), which are fixed on the membrane 6 by means of an adhesive or on the cover layers 7, 8 or on an additional support, etc. can.
  • the adsorption material of the adsorption layer 5 may in particular be an adsorbent material containing or consisting of activated carbon, for example a material based on activated carbon in the form of activated carbon particles and / or activated carbon fibers.
  • activated carbon-containing materials are used according to the invention as adsorption material for the formation of the adsorption layer 5, the already high level of wearing comfort is further increased because the activated carbon serves as an intermediate moisture or water reservoir (eg for perspiration) and moisture or water can "buffer", so to speak.
  • activated carbon beads as adsorption material for the adsorption layer 5 runs of up to about 250 g / m 2 or more are common, so that z. B. in a sweat break about 40 g / m 2 moisture can be stored, which can then be given back to the environment in the case of a breathable carrier or outer layer 3.
  • the adsorption layer 5 may be formed as an adsorption surface filter, in particular based on an adsorbent fixed to a preferably flat, in particular textile support.
  • the adsorption layer 5 comprises discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in granular form ("granular carbon") or ("spherical carbon").
  • the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is less than 1.0 mm, in particular less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.4 mm, preferably less than 0.35 mm; however, the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is at least 0.1 mm.
  • the activated carbon particles are generally used in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m 2 , preferably 20 to 300 g / m 2 , preferably 25 to 250 g / m 2 , particularly preferably 50 to 100 g / m 2 .
  • Suitable activated carbon particles have internal surfaces (BET) of at least 800 m 2 / g, in particular of at least 900 m 2 / g, preferably of at least 1000 m 2 / g, preferably in the range of 800 to 1500 m 2 / g.
  • BET internal surfaces
  • Grain, especially ball carbon has the distinct advantage that it is extremely abrasion resistant and very hard, which is of great importance in terms of wear properties.
  • the bursting pressure for a single particle of activated carbon, especially activated carbon granules is generally at least about 5 Newton, more preferably at least about 10 Newton, and may reach up to about 20 Newton.
  • the adsorption layer 5 may comprise activated carbon fibers, in particular in the form of activated carbon fiber sheets, as adsorbent.
  • activated carbon fiber sheetings may, for example, have a weight per unit area of 20 to 200 g / m 2 , in particular 30 to 150 g / m 2 , preferably 15 to 120 g / m 2 .
  • These activated carbon fiber sheets may, for example, be activated carbon fiber fabrics, knits, blends or composites (eg, based on carbonized and activated cellulose and / or carbonized and activated acrylonitriles).
  • activated carbon particles and activated carbon fibers with one another as the adsorbent of the adsorption layer.
  • Activated charcoal particles have the advantage of higher adsorption capacity, while activated carbon fibers have better adsorption kinetics.
  • Suitable catalysts according to the invention are, for example, enzymes and / or metal ions, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, zinc and / or mercury ions.
  • the amount of catalyst can vary widely; In general, it is 0.05 to 12 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 10 wt .-%, particularly preferably 2 to 8 wt .-%, based on the weight of the adsorption layer fifth
  • At least 50%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, of the adsorbents of the adsorption layer 5 are freely accessible to the poisons or warfare agents to be adsorbed, d. H. especially not covered with adhesive. This happens because the amount and type, in particular the viscosity, of the adhesive with which the adsorbents are fixed are designed such that the adsorbents of the adsorption layer 5 are not completely pressed into the adhesive or sink in.
  • the adsorption material 1 according to the invention offers an efficient protection against chemical poisons, in particular chemical warfare agents, with simultaneously high wearing comfort, in particular good breathability, in the case of ABC protective suits. Because of these properties, the adsorption material 1 according to the invention according to the invention is particularly suitable for military use or ABC use (eg in the form of an ABC protective suit).
  • the membrane 6 Due to the high efficiency of the protective function of the adsorption layer 5, which is increased by the inventive use of the membrane 6, also breathable carrier or outer materials 3, such. As textiles, use, so that can be increased in this way the wearing comfort without the wearer of a corresponding protective suit is exposed to increased risk through the use of a breathable carrier or outer material 3.
  • the inventive design of the adsorption material 1 according to the present invention an excellent barrier effect against chemical warfare agents is achieved.
  • the barrier effect of the adsorption material 1 or the membrane 6 with respect to chemical warfare agents, in particular bis [2-chloroethyl] sulfide (synonymously also called mustard gas, Lost or yellow cross), measured according to CRDEC-SP-84010, method 2.2, is at most 4 micrograms / cm 2 per 24 h, in particular at most 3.5 ⁇ g / cm 2 per 24 h, preferably at most 3.0 ⁇ g / cm 2 per 24 h, more preferably at most 2.5 ⁇ g / cm 2 per 24 h, with a thickness of the membrane 6 of 50 microns.
  • the preparation of the adsorption material according to the invention can be carried out in a conventional manner. This is well known to those skilled in the art of making adsorptive materials, so that no further details need be given here.
  • the adsorbent material according to the invention is suitable for the production of protective materials of all kinds, in particular protective suits, protective gloves, protective shoes and protective covers.
  • the present invention thus also provides such protective materials produced using the adsorption material according to the invention.
  • the carrier layer is generally arranged on the outside, in particular facing a pollutant source releasing chemical poisons.
  • the protective materials are preferably protective suits, in particular ABC protective suits, wherein in use the carrier layer is arranged on the outside, in particular facing a chemical toxin-releasing pollutant source or is arranged on the side facing away from the body.
  • the seams of the membrane laminate can be sealed in a liquid-tight manner by means of hot-melt adhesive tapes.
  • the adsorptive filter material this is not necessary to obtain the required ABC protection effect.
  • the zippers are z. B. with external or internal double covers (eg., Each one on the right and left side of the zipper), consisting of membrane laminate and filter with high amount of activated carbon executed.
  • the seams in the membrane laminate are not welded watertight
  • the seams in the membrane laminate and in the adsorptive lining are arranged in such a way that they do not lie directly above one another. This further increases the safety of the protective effect.
  • membrane functional layer and adsorptive functional layer are separated from each other in different layers of clothing separated.
  • the adsorptive layer is worn as an undergarment in the form of an underwear or in the manner of underwear.
  • the membrane piercing seams are sealed liquid-tight by means of a seam sealing tape.
  • the adsorptive functional layer can be designed removable, z. B. if the protective clothing should also serve for other purposes, or can be expected from a low hazard potential.
  • the membrane design corresponds to the design options under no. 2.
  • the adsorptive layer has z. As the structure C + D + E (with the same symbols as before) and z. B. by means of zippers, Velcro, snaps and the like are connected to the membrane layer.
  • an approximately 10 cm wide strip of adsorptive filter material can be used in a mass, as it corresponds to systems without the use of membranes. This further reduces or prevents penetration of warfare agents through openings.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Matériau adsorbant (1) perméable à l'air, ayant une fonction de protection vis-à-vis des poisons chimiques, en particulier des agents chimiques de guerre, ayant une structure stratifiée multicouche (2), la structure stratifiée (2) comprenant au moins une couche support (3), en particulier bidimensionnelle, et une couche barrière (4), affectée à la couche support (3), empêchant ou pour le moins retardant le passage de poisons chimiques,
    dans lequel la couche barrière (4)
    - comprend d'une part au moins une couche adsorbante (5) à base d'un adsorbant, qui adsorbe les poisons chimiques, à base de charbon actif, et
    - d'autre part au moins une membrane (6), au moins essentiellement imperméable à l'eau et à l'air, mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, retardant le passage des poisons chimiques ou pour le moins essentiellement imperméable aux poisons chimiques, la membrane (6) étant configurée comme un stratifié membranaire multicouche, ou comme une membrane composite multicouche constituée d'au moins deux couches ou plis assemblés l'un à l'autre,
    la membrane (6) étant disposée entre la couche support (3) et la couche adsorbante (5), et l'adsorbant étant, à l'aide d'un adhésif, fixé à la membrane (6) de telle sorte qu'au moins 50 % de l'adsorbant soient librement accessibles aux poisons chimiques à adsorber.
  2. Matériau adsorbant selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'état d'utilisation du matériau adsorbant (1), la couche support (3) est disposée côté extérieur, en particulier est dirigée vers une source de polluants libérant des poisons chimiques, et la couche barrière (4) est disposée côté intérieur, en particulier est opposée à une source de polluants libérant des poisons chimiques.
  3. Matériau adsorbant selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau adsorbant (1) comprend par ailleurs au moins une couche de couverture (7), en particulier bidimensionnelle, affectée à la couche adsorbante (5), en particulier dans lequel la couche de couverture (7) sert à recouvrir la couche barrière (4), en particulier la couche adsorbante (5), et/ou en particulier dans lequel la couche de couverture (7) est un constituant de la couche barrière (4).
  4. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau adsorbant (1) comprend en outre au moins une autre couche de couverture (8) supplémentaire, en particulier bidimensionnelle, en particulier dans lequel, dans l'état d'utilisation du matériau adsorbant (1), la couche de couverture supplémentaire (8) est disposée côté intérieur, en particulier est opposée à une source de polluants libérant des poisons chimiques et est disposée d'une manière opposée à la couche support (3), et/ou en particulier dans lequel la couche de couverture supplémentaire (8) et la couche support (3) forment les deux couches extérieures (3, 8) du matériau adsorbant (1), et en particulier dans lequel, dans l'état d'utilisation du matériau adsorbant (1), la couche de couverture supplémentaire (8) forme un revêtement intérieur.
  5. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les couches individuelles (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) de la structure stratifiée (2) sont chacune assemblées l'une à l'autre, ou encore, au moins en partie, sont disposées l'une sur l'autre à l'état non assemblé, et/ou en ce que les couches individuelles (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) de la structure stratifiée (2) forment un composite.
  6. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche support (3) est oléophobisée et/ou hydrophobisée, en particulier sous l'effet d'une imprégnation spéciale.
  7. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la membrane (6) est une membrane continue, en particulier fermée ou si nécessaire microporeuse, et/ou que l'épaisseur de la membrane (6) est de 1 à 500 µm, en particulier de 1 à 250 µm, de préférence de 1 à 100 µm, de préférence de 1 à 50 µm, d'une manière particulièrement préférée de 2,5 à 30 µm, d'une manière tout particulièrement préférée de 5 à 25 µm.
  8. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la membrane (6) présente à 25°C et pour une épaisseur de 50 µm une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau d'au moins 12,5 l/m2 par 24 h, en particulier d'au moins 17,5 l/m2 par 24 h, de préférence d'au moins 20 l/m2 par 24 h ou plus, et/ou que le matériau adsorbant (1) présente à 25°C et pour une épaisseur de la membrane (6) de 50 µm une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau d'au moins 10 1/m2 par 24 h, en particulier d'au moins 15 1/m2 par 24 h, de préférence d'au moins 20 1/m2 par 24 h.
  9. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la membrane (6) présente une résistance à la vapeur d'eau Ret dans des conditions stationnaires, mesurée selon DIN EN 31 092:1993 (février 1994) et la norme internationale ISO 11 092 à 35°C, d'au plus 24 (m2.pascal)/watt, en particulier d'au plus 20 (m2.pascal)/watt, de préférence d'au plus 13 (m2.pascal)/watt, pour une épaisseur de 50 µm, et/ou que le matériau adsorbant (1) présente une résistance à la vapeur d'eau Ret dans des conditions stationnaires, mesurée selon DIN EN 31 092:1993 (février 1994) et la norme internationale ISO 11 092 à 35°C, d'au plus 30 (m2.pascal)/watt, en particulier d'au plus 25 (m2.pascal)/watt, de préférence d'au plus 20 (m2.pascal)/watt, pour une épaisseur de la membrane (6) de 50 µm.
  10. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le stratifié membranaire et/ou la membrane composite sont constitués d'au moins trois couches ou plis assemblés l'un à l'autre.
  11. Matériau adsorbant selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le stratifié membranaire ou la membrane composite comprend une couche de coeur à base d'un polymère à base cellulosique, et deux couches extérieures assemblées à la couche de coeur, en particulier à base d'un polyuréthanne, d'un polyétheramide et/ou d'un polyesteramide, en particulier dans lequel la couche de coeur peut être constituée à base d'un polymère à base cellulosique, sous forme d'une membrane ayant une épaisseur de 1 à 100 µm, en particulier de 5 à 50 µm, de préférence de 10 à 20 µm, et/ou dans lequel chacune des deux couches extérieures reliées à la couche de coeur peut être constituée d'une membrane ayant une épaisseur de 1 à 100 µm, en particulier de 5 à 50 µm, de préférence de 5 à 10 µm.
  12. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche adsorbante (5) est réalisée d'une manière discontinue, et/ou que la couche adsorbante (5) comprend des particules adsorbantes discrètes à base de charbon actif, qui adsorbent les poisons chimiques.
  13. Matériau adsorbant selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le matériau adsorbant (1) et/ou la membrane (6) présentent un effet barrière à l'encontre des agents chimiques de guerre, en particulier le sulfure de bis[2-chloroéthyle] (gaz moutarde, ypérite, vésicant "croix jaune"), mesuré selon CRDEC-SP-84010, Méthode 2.2, d'au plus 4 µg/cm2 par 24 h, en particulier d'au plus 3,5 µg/cm2 par 24 h, de préférence d'au plus 3,0 µg/cm2 par 24 h, d'une manière particulièrement préférée d'au plus 2,5 µg/cm2 par 24 h, pour une épaisseur de la membrane (6) de 50 µm.
  14. Matériau adsorbant (1) perméable à l'air, ayant une fonction de protection vis-à-vis des poisons chimiques, en particulier des agents chimiques de guerre, ayant une structure stratifiée multicouche (2), la structure stratifiée (2) comprenant au moins une couche support (3), en particulier bidimensionnelle, et une couche barrière (4), affectée à la couche support (3), empêchant ou pour le moins retardant le passage de poisons chimiques,
    dans lequel la couche barrière (4)
    - comprend d'une part au moins une couche adsorbante (5) à base d'un adsorbant, qui adsorbe les poisons chimiques, à base de charbon actif, et
    - d'autre part au moins une membrane (6), au moins essentiellement imperméable à l'eau et à l'air, mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, retardant le passage des poisons chimiques ou pour le moins essentiellement imperméable aux poisons chimiques, la membrane (6) étant configurée comme un stratifié membranaire multicouche, ou comme une membrane composite multicouche constituée d'au moins deux couches ou plis assemblés l'un à l'autre,
    la membrane (6) étant disposée entre la couche support (3) et la couche adsorbante (5), l'adsorbant étant, à l'aide d'un adhésif, fixé à la membrane (6) de telle sorte qu'au moins 50 % de l'adsorbant soient librement accessibles aux poisons chimiques à adsorber, et dans lequel le matériau adsorbant (1) et/ou la membrane (6) présentent un effet barrière, vis-à-vis des agents chimiques de guerre, en particulier le sulfure de bis[2-chloroéthyle], d'au plus 4 µg/cm2 par 24 h pour une épaisseur de la membrane (6) de 50 µm.
  15. Matériau adsorbant (1) perméable à l'air, ayant une fonction de protection vis-à-vis des poisons chimiques, en particulier des agents chimiques de guerre, ayant une structure stratifiée multicouche (2), la structure stratifiée (2) comprenant au moins une couche support (3), en particulier bidimensionnelle, et une couche barrière (4), affectée à la couche support (3), empêchant ou pour le moins retardant le passage de poisons chimiques,
    dans lequel la couche barrière (4)
    - comprend d'une part au moins une couche adsorbante (5) à base d'un adsorbant, qui adsorbe les poisons chimiques, à base de charbon actif, et
    - d'autre part au moins une membrane (6), au moins essentiellement imperméable à l'eau et à l'air, mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, retardant le passage des poisons chimiques ou pour le moins essentiellement imperméable aux poisons chimiques, la membrane (6) étant configurée comme un stratifié membranaire multicouche, ou comme une membrane composite multicouche constituée d'au moins deux couches ou plis assemblés l'un à l'autre,
    la membrane (6) étant disposée entre la couche support (3) et la couche adsorbante (5), l'adsorbant étant, à l'aide d'un adhésif, fixé à la membrane (6) de telle sorte qu'au moins 50 % de l'adsorbant soient librement accessibles aux poisons chimiques à adsorber, et dans lequel le matériau adsorbant (1) présente à 25°C et pour une épaisseur de la membrane (6) de 50 µm une perméabilité à la vapeur d'eau d'au moins 10 l/m2 par 24 h.
  16. Matériau adsorbant (1) perméable à l'air, ayant une fonction de protection vis-à-vis des poisons chimiques, en particulier des agents chimiques de guerre, ayant une structure stratifiée multicouche (2), la structure stratifiée (2) comprenant au moins une couche support (3), en particulier bidimensionnelle, et une couche barrière (4), affectée à la couche support (3), empêchant ou pour le moins retardant le passage de poisons chimiques,
    dans lequel la couche barrière (4)
    - comprend d'une part au moins une couche adsorbante (5) à base d'un adsorbant, qui adsorbe les poisons chimiques, à base de charbon actif, et
    - d'autre part au moins une membrane (6), au moins essentiellement imperméable à l'eau et à l'air, mais perméable à la vapeur d'eau, retardant le passage des poisons chimiques ou pour le moins essentiellement imperméable aux poisons chimiques, la membrane (6) étant configurée comme un stratifié membranaire multicouche, ou comme une membrane composite multicouche constituée d'au moins deux couches ou plis assemblés l'un à l'autre,
    la membrane (6) étant disposée entre la couche support (3) et la couche adsorbante (5), l'adsorbant étant, à l'aide d'un adhésif, fixé à la membrane (6) de telle sorte qu'au moins 50 % de l'adsorbant soient librement accessibles aux poisons chimiques à adsorber, et dans lequel le matériau adsorbant (1) présente une résistance à la vapeur d'eau Ret dans des conditions stationnaires à 35°C, d'au plus 30 (m2.pascal)/watt pour une épaisseur de la membrane (6) de 50 µm.
  17. Matériaux de protection, en particulier vêtements de protection, gants de protection, chaussures de protection et écrans de protection, fabriqués par utilisation d'un matériau adsorbant (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes et/ou comportant un matériau adsorbant (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  18. Matériaux de protection selon la revendication 17, caractérisés en ce que, dans l'état d'utilisation du matériau adsorbant (1), la couche support (3) est disposée côté extérieur, en particulier est dirigée vers une source de polluants libérant des poisons chimiques, et/ou en ce que, pour ce qui concerne les matériaux de protection, il s'agit de vêtements de protection, en particulier de protection ABC, auquel cas, dans l'état d'utilisation, la couche support (3) est disposée côté extérieur, en particulier est dirigée vers une source de polluants libérant des poisons chimiques, et est disposée sur le côté opposé au corps.
  19. Utilisation d'un matériau adsorbant (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour fabriquer des matériaux de protection de tous types, en particulier des vêtements de protection, des gants de protection, des chaussures de protection et des écrans de protection, de préférence pour une utilisation ABC, en particulier pour laquelle, dans l'état d'utilisation du matériau adsorbant (1), la couche support (3) est disposée côté extérieur et/ou en particulier pour laquelle, dans l'état d'utilisation du matériau adsorbant (1), la couche support (3) est dirigée vers une source de polluants libérant des poisons chimiques.
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DE10354623A DE10354623A1 (de) 2003-10-22 2003-11-22 Schutzbekleidung mit ABC-Schutz
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DE10347673B4 (de) * 2003-10-09 2012-01-12 BLüCHER GMBH Schuh, insbesondere Stiefel, mit ABC-Schutz
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Also Published As

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JP2007508877A (ja) 2007-04-12
US20070059504A1 (en) 2007-03-15
WO2005049147A1 (fr) 2005-06-02
US7465490B2 (en) 2008-12-16
JP4587077B2 (ja) 2010-11-24
EP1675659A1 (fr) 2006-07-05

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