EP1690281A2 - Lampe a incandescence utilisant un cycle de carbone - Google Patents

Lampe a incandescence utilisant un cycle de carbone

Info

Publication number
EP1690281A2
EP1690281A2 EP04802775A EP04802775A EP1690281A2 EP 1690281 A2 EP1690281 A2 EP 1690281A2 EP 04802775 A EP04802775 A EP 04802775A EP 04802775 A EP04802775 A EP 04802775A EP 1690281 A2 EP1690281 A2 EP 1690281A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
carbon
incandescent lamp
bulb
lamp according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04802775A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Axel Bunk
Matthias Damm
Georg Rosenbauer
Joachim Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE10356651A external-priority patent/DE10356651A1/de
Application filed by Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH filed Critical Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
Publication of EP1690281A2 publication Critical patent/EP1690281A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/50—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified pressure thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H01K1/04—Incandescent bodies characterised by the material thereof
    • H01K1/10—Bodies of metal or carbon combined with other substance
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B20/00—Energy efficient lighting technologies, e.g. halogen lamps or gas discharge lamps

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an incandescent lamp with a carbon cycle according to the preamble of claim 1. It is in particular halogen incandescent lamps which have a filament made of TaC or whose filament contains TaC as a component.
  • An incandescent lamp with a carbon cycle using a halogen (carbon-halogen cycle) is already known from many documents.
  • the halogen is used here to prevent the deposition of carbon on the piston wall.
  • a carbon-hydrogen cycle has proven to be more efficient, in which the deposition of carbon on the piston wall is avoided by the formation of hydrocarbons.
  • a carbon-hydrogen cycle has the advantage over a carbon-halogen cycle that, unlike the situation with carbon-halogen cycles, frame parts (brackets) in the lamp that are at a relatively low temperature are not attacked ,
  • Chemical transport reactions are characterized in that a solid substance, abbreviated below with ⁇ s>, or liquid substance, abbreviated below with ⁇ f>, forms only gaseous products, abbreviated below with ⁇ g>, for a given Temperature T1 converts.
  • the gaseous reaction product is then transported to a location with a different temperature T2, where it decomposes again with the separation of a solid or liquid phase.
  • reaction entropy The gaseous substances can be transported by various mechanisms. The most important are diffusion in the concentration gradient, thermal diffusion, thermal convection and forced convection (flow impressed from the outside). Depending on the reaction system under consideration, either the rates of the chemical reactions or the transport via the gas phase can determine the reaction rate for the overall process.
  • Ta ⁇ s> + 5/2 l 2 ⁇ g> Tal 5 ⁇ g>.
  • tantalum is converted into gaseous tantalum at 500 ° C by reaction with iodine. converted to iodide, which is transported by a current to hotter places.
  • iodine converted to iodide
  • the tantalum iodide decomposes again with the separation of pure tantalum. Contaminants such as tantalum oxide are less volatile and remain at the point of origin.
  • the metals Ni, Cu, Fe, Cr, Si, Ti, Hf, Th, V, Nb and U can be cleaned.
  • Such chemical transport reactions are also used in lamp technology e.g. used in incandescent halogen lamps to transport tungsten evaporated from the filament back to the filament.
  • tungsten-halogen cycle process tungsten evaporated from the helix is converted at the relatively low temperatures near the bulb wall into tungsten halides or tungsten oxyhalides (in the presence of oxygen), which are transported back to the helix.
  • the tungsten halides and tungsten oxyhalides decompose again.
  • the released tungsten is deposited on the helix.
  • the vapor pressure of the tungsten halides or tungsten oxyhalides at the relatively low temperatures prevailing near the piston wall which are usually in the range between 200 ° C. and 600 ° C., is sufficiently high to separate the solid compounds to avoid there.
  • iodine or bromine as an active halogen additive, this is only possible if at least traces of oxygen are present at the same time, since the vapor pressures of the pure halides are too low or do not even occur in the gas phase. This is due in particular to the fact that the pure halides are more easily reduced by the hydrogen introduced together with the halogenated hydrocarbon compounds than the oxihalides. Piston walls that are already blackened can be blackened again by such a transport reaction.
  • halogen cycle processes in halogen lamps are not regenerative, i.e. the tungsten is not deposited again at the hottest point, where it has preferably evaporated, but at locations of a different temperature.
  • the increase in efficiency arises from the fact that the metal carbide filament can be operated at a higher temperature because of the much higher melting points compared to pure metals: melting point for TaC is 3880 ° C compared to 3410 ° C for tungsten Emission coefficient of the carbides in the visible range is larger than in the IR. Tantalum carbide in particular is a better "selective emitter" than tungsten.
  • Decarburization is a problem when operating tantalum carbide filaments at high temperatures; this leads to the formation of subcarbides with a higher specific resistance and a lower melting point and thus to the rapid destruction of the filament.
  • halogens were also used to react with the carbon, see, for example, US Pat. No. 3,022,438.
  • the carbon evaporating from the luminous element reacts in the cold areas near the bulb wall with, for example, chlorine atoms to form compounds such as CCI 4 , as a result of which the Carbon on the wall is avoided.
  • the carbon-halogen compounds are transported back in the direction of the incandescent body by transport processes such as convection and diffusion, and they decompose in the warmer area with the release of the carbon.
  • the carbon can be attached to the helix again.
  • the tantalum carbide filament lamps were preferably operated in relatively large bulbs (the typical diameter of the bulbs of general service lamps is in the range between 30 mm and 140 mm), the lamps described in the literature were able to remove solids such as carbon or tantalum moderately (see below) be accepted because the blackening has spread over a large area on the inner wall of the piston. Presentation of the invention
  • a double cycle is used for this.
  • a carbon-hydrogen cycle is used to avoid decarburization of the high-melting filament made of metal carbide, in particular TaC. HfC or NbC or ZrC or alloys of different carbides with a C excess are also suitable.
  • a coordinated metal-halogen cycle in particular a tantalum-halogen cycle, is superimposed for the first time. This prevents blackening of the piston by carbon as well as blackening of the piston by the metal, in particular tantalum.
  • the invention described here relates to lamps with a reduced bulb volume, the distance of the luminous element, in particular its luminous sections, from the inner wall of the bulb being at most 18 mm.
  • the piston diameter is at most 35 mm, in particular in the range between 5 mm and 25 mm, preferably in the range between 8 mm and 15 mm.
  • the risk of solids separating from the piston wall must be counteracted. Since the piston wall temperature for these small piston diameters is usually well above 200 ° C, the use of conventional carbon-halogen cycle processes is no longer an option.
  • tantalum carbide luminous elements or other carbide-containing luminous elements in lamps with a relatively small bulb diameter or bulb volume.
  • a tantalum-halogen cycle is also used to prevent the deposition of tantalum on the piston wall.
  • the already known carbon cycle using hydrogen prevents the deposition of carbon on the bulb wall and leads the evaporated carbon back to the filament.
  • the carbon cycle is caused by the addition of the elements carbon and hydrogen to the filling gas. As described in the literature, this can be done in the form of various compounds which provide carbon and hydrogen on decomposition.
  • hydrocarbons such as methane, ethane, ethene, etc. can be used, although it may be necessary to add hydrogen.
  • the total carbon content of the filling in the hydrocarbon mixtures at a cold filling pressure of 1 bar is preferably in the range between 0.1 mol% C and 5 mol% C. The minimum proportion is preferably 0.25 mol%.
  • the total hydrogen content introduced should be at least as large as the carbon content, preferably it should be twice to eight times as large as the carbon content.
  • the simultaneous metal cycle is explained in more detail using the example of tantalum.
  • the tantalum cycle is effected by adding a halogen.
  • the tantalum evaporating from the incandescent body at high temperatures reacts at the lower temperatures near the bulb wall to form tantalum halides, which are more volatile than tantalum. This avoids the deposition of tantalum on the piston wall.
  • the tantalum halides After the tantalum halides have been transported back by convection or diffusion in the direction of the luminous element and have decomposed at higher temperatures, the tantalum is again attached to the luminous element.
  • the extent to which the two cyclic processes interfere and the range in which the bulb wall temperatures must lie generally depends on the halogen used.
  • the halogen content required here which according to the invention is primarily required for the tantalum cycle and not for the carbon cycle, is smaller, in particular by at least a factor of 2, preferably a factor of 5 to 10, than the carbon content required for the carbon cycle.
  • Bromine and chlorine are particularly suitable as active halogens, at a minimum temperature of 150 ° C., preferably at least 200 ° C.
  • the use of iodine is also possible, but in this case the range of possible piston temperatures is restricted.
  • the carbon-hydrogen cycle normally has no effect on the tantalum-halogen cycle because the elements carbon and hydrogen supporting the carbon-hydrogen cycle do not form any compounds with tantalum in the gas phase.
  • concentration of the total bromine element introduced into the gas phase is preferably between 500 ppm and 5000 ppm.
  • the halogen can be added to the filling gas in the form of additives such as CH 2 Br 2 , CH 3 Br, CHBr 3 etc.
  • the piston wall temperature should not be below approx. 150 ° C.
  • the excess of hydrogen means that the piston wall temperature must not be too high; it is preferably below approx. 700 ° C.
  • the amounts of carbon and hydrogen introduced into the lamp atmosphere via these additives are included in the overall balance for the elements under consideration. However, these quantities are usually significantly smaller than the quantities introduced via the hydrocarbon / hydrogen mixture.
  • the preferred concentrations of the total halogen introduced into the gas phase are in the same range.
  • the range of the preferred bulb wall temperatures is between 150 ° C. and 600 ° C. when iodine is used as active halogen, and between 150 ° C. and 900 ° C. when using chlorine, ie the use of chlorine as active halogen is used preferred in heavily loaded lamps.
  • Chlorine can be in the form, for example of CH 3 CI, CH 2 CI 2 , CHCI 3 , preferably iodine in the form of CH I or C 2 H 5 I.
  • the tantalum-halogen cycle is not or only slightly influenced by the carbon-hydrogen cycle for the largest range of the piston temperatures in question, the carbon-hydrogen cycle can be strongly influenced by the tantalum-halogen cycle.
  • the halogen combines to form very stable halogen-hydrogen compounds, which means that the hydrogen bound by it is then barely available for reaction with carbon. This applies in particular to chlorine and bromine, but less so for iodine, see below. Therefore, the total amount of the halogen element introduced into the lamp should be at least about a factor 2 less than the total amount of hydrogen in the lamp, at least when using chlorine and bromine. This is generally not a problem because only small amounts of halogen are required for a functioning tantalum cycle.
  • the amount of total halogen in the gas phase is thus significantly smaller, in particular by at least a factor of two, than the amount of total carbon in the gas phase.
  • This teaching is in contrast to the concentration ratios when using the carbon-halogen cycle as described in US Pat. No. 3,022,438 for large-volume lamps. There, the amount of halogen is greater than the amount of total carbon in the gas phase.
  • the preferred concentration ranges result from a simple conversion, taking into account the rule that the total number of particles introduced should be constant, i.e. the stated concentrations change roughly in inverse proportion to the pressure.
  • the hydrogen iodide Hl is relatively unstable and easily disintegrates even at relatively low temperatures, the use of Hl as a "hydrogen carrier" lends itself.
  • the hydrogen iodine decomposes easily - even at the relatively low temperatures near the piston wall - and makes the hydrogen bound therein available to the carbon for the formation of hydrocarbons.
  • the formation of CH 4 is typical.
  • the heat dissipation via the filling gas is greatly reduced. This results in a significant increase in the efficiency of the lamp.
  • iodine for binding free hydrogen is particularly useful when, owing to a comparatively low total pressure, the heat dissipation of hydrogen is of great importance and the radiation absorption of the l 2 which occurs in addition to the hydrogen iodide in considerable concentrations is not disturbing for the application , Possibly. it is also sensible to use two halogens, for example in chlorine or bromine in highly stressed lamps, i.e. with a particularly small volume and / or high wattage, chlorine or bromine must be used for the tantalum-halogen cycle and iodine can be used to bind the free hydrogen.
  • the principle of the overlapping circular processes namely a carbon-hydrogen cycle and a metal-halogen cycle, for example with the metal tantalum, rhenium, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, can also be applied to other filament materials; especially hafnium carbide, zirconium carbide as well as alloys of tantalum carbide and other carbides, e.g. an alloy of 90% tantalum carbide and 10% tungsten carbide, as well as other alloys, e.g. in US 3,405,328. It can also be applied to supports coated with tantalum carbide or other refractory carbides or the alloys described above, e.g. can consist of rhenium or rhenium alloys (US 1 854 970) or carbon fibers.
  • the amounts of carbon, hydrogen and halogen are such that a cycle takes place for both carbon and for the metal, mostly tantalum.
  • the inert gases He, Ar, Kr and / or xenon and nitrogen are suitable as inert gases.
  • the CH cycle is additionally superimposed with a CN cycle or CS cycle, apart from the tantalum-halogen cycle.
  • CN cycle as the only cycle in TaC lamps is already known, see US Pat. No. 2,928,977, halogen being used in part in order to avoid the formation of paracyan.
  • the CN cycle preferably returns the carbon to places at higher temperatures and thus extends its lifespan. It turned out, however, that he obviously cannot avoid blackening the piston alone.
  • the combination of both processes can be understood as a division of labor, because only the CH cycle process reliably prevents the deposition of carbon on the piston wall.
  • the CN cycle promotes feedback to the luminous element.
  • the tantalum is returned to the lamp or the formation of paracyan is avoided.
  • acetonitrile CH3CN can preferably be used, which, in the event of thermal decomposition, also supply the hydrocarbon in addition to the CN group.
  • the CN can also only be generated in the finished lamp by plasma excitation of a filling gas mixture containing nitrogen (as N 2 ) and hydrocarbon.
  • This behavior can be used to specifically transport the carbon back into the hot areas of the filament, whereas if hydrogen is used exclusively to bind the carbon, elemental carbon is usually already large above 700K Released in large quantities, the additional use of sulfur can largely keep the carbon bound in molecules up to a temperature of 3500 K. Below 550K, CS 2 tends to decompose into the elements, so that in addition to carbon and sulfur hydrogen can be added to the filling gas, for example, in order to avoid deposition of carbon or sulfur on the piston wall.
  • each carbon atom is offered 4 hydrogen atoms to form CH 4 and each sulfur atom 2 hydrogen atoms to form H 2 S; it is preferred to work with somewhat larger amounts of hydrogen.
  • the amount of carbon should be at least as large as the amount of sulfur used, or better still, in order to avoid an excess of sulfur which damages the tantalum carbide filament in any case.
  • Sulfur can be metered in, for example, in the form of hydrogen sulfide H 2 S, carbon disulfide CS 2 , methyl mercaptan CH 3 SH, ethyl mercaptan C 2 H S SH, or, if appropriate, also dimethyl sulfide CH 3 CSCH3.
  • carbon and hydrogen can be added in the form of hydrocarbons such as CH, C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 etc. and optionally hydrogen H 2 in such a way that the desired ratios of the individual elements are set.
  • the ratios of the individual elements should be chosen so that for a filling pressure of 1 bar, chosen here as standard, the total amount of carbon present is between 0.1 mol% and 5 mol%, in particular at least 0.25 mol%,
  • the molar concentration of the element sulfur results from the molar concentration of the element carbon by multiplication by a factor between 0.2 and 1;
  • the molar concentration of the element hydrogen is preferably at least as large as the sum of the molar concentration of the element carbon multiplied by four and the molar concentration of the element sulfur multiplied by 2; Depending on the version, the molar concentration of the total hydrogen introduced can be between the specified minimum amount and the minimum amount multiplied by a factor of 8.
  • tantalum is bound in the form of tantalum sulfides, i.e. the sulfur takes over the function of the tantalum transporting element. Because of the targeted return of carbon to the filament in this case, only a relatively small amount of tantalum evaporates, and one can also accept the failure of small amounts of tantalum sulfides if the bulb temperatures are low.
  • the sulfur when using a filling containing the elements carbon, hydrogen and sulfur in the concentrations described here, the sulfur can be partially replaced by oxygen. A maximum of 75% of the sulfur used can be replaced by oxygen.
  • the oxygen can be metered in, for example, in the form of N 2 O, CO, CO 2 , aldehydes such as CH 2 O, ketones such as acetone CH 3 COCH 3 .
  • the present invention is particularly suitable for low-voltage lamps with a voltage of at most 50 V, because the lamps required for this can be made relatively solid and the wires thus have a diameter of at least 50 ⁇ m, in particular between 80 ⁇ m and 300 ⁇ m, which is the problem the brittleness of such carbide-based luminous bodies is considerably reduced.
  • the invention is particularly preferably used for lamps pinched on one side, since here the luminous element can be kept relatively short, which likewise reduces the susceptibility to breakage. Lifetime of at least 500 hours can now be achieved here.
  • the implementation of such a lamp is also favorably influenced by the fact that it has been found that a Ta-halogen cycle is generally significantly less sensitive than a W-halogen cycle.
  • FIG. 1 shows a typical incandescent lamp with carbide filament
  • Figure 2 shows another typical incandescent lamp with carbide filament
  • FIG. 3 shows another typical incandescent lamp with carbide filament.
  • FIG. 1 shows an incandescent lamp pinched on one side with a bulb made of quartz glass 1, a pinch 2, and feed lines 3, which connect the foils 4 in the pinch 2 to a luminous element 6.
  • the filament is a coiled wire made of TaC.
  • the power supply lines 5 are attached to the outside of the foils.
  • the inner diameter of the piston is 5 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows an incandescent lamp pinched on one side with a bulb made of tempered glass 1, a pinch 2, and supply lines 3 ', which are connected in the pinch 2 to a luminous element 6'.
  • the luminous element 6 ' is a coiled wire with a core made of rhenium and a layer TaC on the surface. This luminous element is easier to deform than a luminous element which consists purely of carbide. In this case, the rhenium wire is usually first entangled, then a TaC layer is applied.
  • the power supply lines 5 are attached directly to the supply lines 3 ′ on the outside, specifically in the area of the pinch.
  • the inner diameter of the piston is 30 mm.
  • the filament is a strand of carbon fiber coated with tantalum.
  • the TaC layer can e.g. by applying a tantalum layer by a CVD process or by sputtering and subsequent carburization. The carburization of the Ta layer can also only be carried out in lamp operation in a hydrocarbon-containing atmosphere.
  • FIG. 3 shows an incandescent lamp 20 which is pinched on both sides, also known as a soffit, with a bulb made of quartz glass 21, two pinches 24 and 25, feed lines 27 which are connected to a luminous element 26.
  • the luminous element 26 is a tape made of TaC.
  • the current leads 25 end in base parts 28, as is known per se, which sit on the pinch.
  • the inner diameter of the piston is 15 mm.
  • the lamp preferably uses a luminous element made of tantalum carbide, which preferably consists of a coiled wire or a ribbon.
  • the bulb is made of quartz glass or hard glass with a bulb diameter between 5 mm and 35 mm, preferably between 8 mm and 15 mm.
  • the filling is mainly inert gas, in particular noble gas such as Ar, Kr or Xe, possibly with the addition of small amounts (up to 15 mol%) of nitrogen.
  • noble gas such as Ar, Kr or Xe
  • Zirconium carbide, hafnium carbide, or an alloy of various carbides, such as, for example, is also suitable as the filament material, which is preferably a coiled wire. in US 3405328.
  • a luminous element made of a carrier material such as e.g. a rhenium wire as the core or a carbon fiber, which core is coated with tantalum carbide or another metal carbide.
  • the basic rules for filling at a cold filling pressure of 1 bar are a carbon content of 0.1 to 5 mol%.
  • the hydrogen content is at least the carbon content, preferably two to eight times the carbon content.
  • the halogen portion is at most half, in particular one fifth to one twentieth of the carbon portion. A minimum value of one tenth is preferred, iodine being used to bind the hydrogen.
  • the halogen portion should preferably correspond to at most the hydrogen portion, preferably at most half the hydrogen portion.
  • a guideline for the halogen content is 500 to 5000 ppm, always based on a cold filling pressure of 1 bar.
  • the following additive can be added to the inert gas, usually a noble gas, which may also contain admixtures of nitrogen:
  • hydrocarbon preferably CH, C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2;
  • - a hydrocarbon preferably CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 ); - hydrogen (H 2 );
  • the following additive can be added to the inert gas, usually noble gas, which may also contain admixtures of nitrogen: - a hydrocarbon (preferably CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 );
  • Carbon 0.1% - 5% (preferably at least 0.25 mol%), hydrogen 0.2% - 20% (preferably at least 0.5 mol%), iodine 0.05% - 0.5%.
  • the amount of the total halogen introduced into the lamp is smaller than that of the hydrogen.
  • the amount of total halogen introduced into the lamp is preferably a factor 5 to 25 smaller than that of the total amount of hydrogen introduced.
  • the following additive can alternatively be added to the inert gas (an inert gas, which may also contain nitrogen): - a hydrocarbon (preferably CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 );
  • Carbon 0.1% - 5% (preferably at least 0.25 mol%), hydrogen 0.2% - 20% (preferably at least 0.5 mol%), iodine 0.1%) - 20% (preferably at least 0.2%), the iodine content and the hydrogen content being approximately the same; in this case the iodine serves to avoid excessive concentrations of free hydrogen, i.e. to increase the efficiency of the lamp.
  • the following additive can alternatively be added to the inert gas (a noble gas that may also contain nitrogen):
  • Carbon 0.1% - 5% (preferably at least 0.25 mol%), hydrogen 0.2% - 20% (preferably at least 0.5 mol%), chlorine 0.05% - 0.5%, iodine 0.1% - 20%, the iodine content and the hydrogen content being approximately the same.
  • the following additive can alternatively be added to the inert gas (a noble gas that may also contain nitrogen): - hydrocarbon (preferably CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , C 2 H 4 , C 2 H 2 );
  • Carbon 0.1% - 5% (preferably at least 0.25 mol%), hydrogen 0.2% - 20% (preferably at least 0.5 mol%), bromine 0.05% - 0.5%, iodine 0.1% - 20%, the iodine content and the hydrogen content being approximately the same, in particular exactly the same for a factor of two.
  • the filling When a cyan cycle process is superimposed on a carbon-hydrogen cycle process and a halogen cycle process, the filling additionally contains 0.3 mol% up to 3 mol% cyan (which can have been introduced into the filling in any way).
  • a very specific filling consists of the following components: 1 bar (cold filling pressure) Kr + 1% C 2 H 4 + 1% H 2 + 0.05 to 0, 3% CH 2 Br 2 (the concentration data are mol%).
  • the addition of 0.2% CH2Br2 shows the best behavior.

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  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une lampe à incandescence utilisant un cycle de carbone et équipée d'un corps incandescent qui, avec une charge, est introduit dans un piston de manière étanche au vide. Le corps incandescent présente un carbure du métal dont le point de fusion est supérieur à celui du Wolfram. La distance entre le corps incandescent et la paroi du piston est inférieure à 18 mm. Un premier cycle, concernant le carbone, est accompli à l'aide de carbone et d'hydrogène comme addition de charge et un deuxième cycle, concernant le métal, est accompli à l'aide d'halogène.
EP04802775A 2003-12-01 2004-11-19 Lampe a incandescence utilisant un cycle de carbone Withdrawn EP1690281A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10356651A DE10356651A1 (de) 2003-12-01 2003-12-01 Glühlampe mit Kohlenstoff-Kreisprozess
DE10358262A DE10358262A1 (de) 2003-12-01 2003-12-11 Glühlampe mit Kohlenstoff-Kreisprozess
PCT/DE2004/002562 WO2005055274A2 (fr) 2003-12-01 2004-11-19 Lampe a incandescence utilisant un cycle de carbone

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1690281A2 true EP1690281A2 (fr) 2006-08-16

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Country Link
US (1) US7402952B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1690281A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007512663A (fr)
CA (1) CA2497524A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10358262A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005055274A2 (fr)

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JP2007512663A (ja) 2007-05-17
US20060103305A1 (en) 2006-05-18
WO2005055274A3 (fr) 2005-09-09
WO2005055274A2 (fr) 2005-06-16
DE10358262A1 (de) 2005-09-01
US7402952B2 (en) 2008-07-22
CA2497524A1 (fr) 2005-06-01

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