EP1702386A1 - Coupleur directionnel a espace de couplage important - Google Patents

Coupleur directionnel a espace de couplage important

Info

Publication number
EP1702386A1
EP1702386A1 EP04804750A EP04804750A EP1702386A1 EP 1702386 A1 EP1702386 A1 EP 1702386A1 EP 04804750 A EP04804750 A EP 04804750A EP 04804750 A EP04804750 A EP 04804750A EP 1702386 A1 EP1702386 A1 EP 1702386A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
directional coupler
metal layers
coupling
coupler according
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04804750A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1702386B1 (fr
Inventor
Ewald Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004021535A external-priority patent/DE102004021535A1/de
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1702386A1 publication Critical patent/EP1702386A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1702386B1 publication Critical patent/EP1702386B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/185—Edge coupled lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/12—Coupling devices having more than two ports
    • H01P5/16—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port
    • H01P5/18—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers
    • H01P5/184—Conjugate devices, i.e. devices having at least one port decoupled from one other port consisting of two coupled guides, e.g. directional couplers the guides being strip lines or microstrips
    • H01P5/187—Broadside coupled lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a directional coupler in streak dither technology according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • Directional couplers are circuit elements of radio frequency (HLF) or antenna technology and are used for asymmetrical power distribution, for example in the size of -12 dB, in a desired frequency range.
  • HLF radio frequency
  • directional couplers have a short line section whose wave impedance corresponds to that of the line used. As a result, a certain voltage is only coupled out of the incoming or outgoing wave.
  • a directional coupler affected here for example, emerges from an article published on December 5, 2003 with the title, TLF-Passive Components "by Prof. DU Gysel, ZHW, Department of Technology, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, Elel Rotechnik and Signal Processing, High Frequency Technology, Zurich, and is shown schematically in FIG. 1, which is described in detail below.
  • directional couplers are designed with four gates and have two reception gates (input gates) and two transmission gates (output gates). The two reception gates must be decoupled from one another as much as possible.
  • Those affected here Directional couplers manufactured by Streiferdeitertechnik are manufactured using conventional circuit board technology. Substrates with a relatively low dielectric constant and coupling gaps between the two conductors with a very small gap width in the range of approximately 100 ⁇ m are used in order to achieve the desired high coupling values of over 15 dB, such as 12 dB.
  • the directional coupler according to the invention is characterized in particular by a multilayer structure in which at least three metal layers and between these at least two dielectric insulation layers are arranged on a substrate, preferably on a printed circuit board.
  • the directional coupler layout itself can correspond to the layouts known in the prior art.
  • the ground layer does not correspond to a metal layer arranged directly under the it structure of the directional coupler, but only to a subsequent metal layer.
  • An insulated and specially shaped conductor structure is created, and preferably etched, between the conductor structure and the ground layer on an intermediate metal layer. Because of this structure, very small capacitances connected in series are generated, which enable the required coupling and at the same time a very high electrical insulation between the metal layers mentioned.
  • This structure enables the production of a coupling gap that is 5 times larger than that of the structures known in the prior art.
  • the above-mentioned insulated and specially shaped conductor structure has the shape of a transverse "H". In principle, however, any other shape is also conceivable, for example the simplest shape, such as a rectangular rectangle.
  • additional structures or structural extensions are provided on the outer sides of the coupling conductors, preferably short trapezoidal structures.
  • the reflection properties of the coupling conductors are improved by means of small capacitive structures (“capacitance spots”) arranged in the corners of the connections.
  • Capacitance spots small capacitive structures arranged in the corners of the connections.
  • the overall slightly inductive impedance of the coupling conductors is compensated in such a way that a particularly good impedance matching is made possible at the connections ,
  • the directional coupler proposed according to the invention can be produced by means of conventional printed circuit board technology without any production restrictions, even under the usual etching tolerances.
  • the directional coupler has, in particular, a very large coupling value, which in the state of the art would only be achievable with considerably high manufacturing and cost expenditure.
  • the manufacturing spread of the directional coupler parameters is considerably less.
  • the use of inexpensive substrates and inexpensive etching methods is made possible in the manufacture of the structures on which the directional coupler is based.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a directional coupler in stripline technology according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a preferred embodiment of the directional coupler according to the invention using stripline technology
  • FIG. 3 shows a sectional view along the line A-A of the directional coupler shown in FIG.
  • the directional coupler 10 shown schematically in an oblique top view in FIG. 1 represents a parallel line coupler in a strip line design, i.e. the electrical conductors are formed as thin metallization strips on a substrate 15.
  • the substrate 15 is made from an ordinary printed circuit board.
  • the actual coupler consists of two coupling conductors 20, which run parallel over a length ⁇ / 4. Since the coupling between the two coupling conductors 20 naturally increases with a decreasing (lateral) distance between the two conductors, the distance d 'must be as small as possible in order to achieve sufficient coupling.
  • Such a directional coupler 10 represents a passive four-port, which has the property that an input signal at one of the four ports 1 - 4 is only ever passed on to two of the three remaining ports. If the directional coupler shown in FIG. 1 is fed with an incident wave at gate 1, waves emerge at gates 2 and 4, but ideally not at gate 3. That is, gate 3 is decoupled from gate 1. If one follows the distribution of all possible incident waves, it follows that the door pairs 1 and 3 and 2 and 4 are always decoupled from one another, i.e. There is no energy exchange between them, provided all gates are terminated with their respective wave resistance. It should be noted that in the case of an ideally assumed directional coupler, gates 1 and 4 as well as 2 and 3 are decoupled, i.e. there is no crosstalk between them.
  • the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 2 in a top view of the directional coupler constructed according to the invention consists of a printed circuit board 100, which has several metal layers. These metal layers comprise an uppermost metal layer in the form of copper strips (, TOP-Cu ') 105, 110, by which the two coupling conductors 105, 110 required for the directional coupler are formed. The lateral distance between the coupling conductors 105, 110 is again marked with 'd'. Below the uppermost metal layer 105, 110 and galvanically separated from it by an insulation layer (not shown here) (see FIG.
  • middle metal layer ('Mid-1-Cu') 115 which is also formed from copper strips and which in the present exemplary embodiment has the The two copper layers 105-115 are shown in different stripes for better differentiation.
  • middle metal layer 115 there is one not shown here (see FIG. 3), again from the middle metal layer 115 through one here Isolation layer, not shown, galvanically isolated copper ground layer ('Mid-2-Cu') 220 lying at ground potential.
  • the three metal layers mentioned are each galvanically separated from one another by dielectric insulation layers, not shown here, which are produced from glass fiber epoxy substrate material used in printed circuit board technology.
  • the metal and insulation layers shown are formed in the preferred embodiment in the form of a conventional printed circuit board produced in a known etching technique.
  • the coupling conductors shown in FIG. 2 have trapezoidal extension surfaces 120, which are arranged approximately in the center along the coupling conductors and extend outward, on the basis of which the coupling effect is further enhanced.
  • capacitive structures (“capacitance spots”) 125 are arranged, by means of which the reflection properties of the coupling conductors 105, 110 are improved.
  • capacitive structures the 90 ° inner corners with the triangular shapes 125 shown are inclined
  • other shapes are also possible, which produce a correspondingly small increase in area, for example a square shape, with which, however, a small additional corner is then created. All in all, the measures mentioned make the overall slightly inductive impedance of the coupling conductors so compensates that a very good impedance matching is made possible at the gate connections.
  • a further embodiment of the directional coupler according to the invention results from exchanging the top 105, 110 and middle metal layer 115 described above. The described mode of operation itself is not affected.
  • the side sectional view shown in FIG. 3 corresponds to a section of the structure shown in FIG. 2 along the line 'A-A' shown there. 3 shows the spatial arrangement of the three metal layers 200, 210, 220 even more clearly.
  • the corresponding layer thicknesses of the metal layers 200, 210, 220 can also be seen from this.
  • the dashed areas 105, 110 correspond to the two coupling conductors marked with the same reference numerals in FIG. 2, and the two dashed areas 115 correspond to the H'-shaped intermediate layer also shown in FIG. 2.
  • the insulation layers 205, 215, 225 arranged between the metal layers 200, 210, 220 are also shown in FIG. 3.
  • the uppermost metal layer 200 essentially serves as the component side, i.e. for connecting the directional coupler structure shown with further RF components in the field of antenna technology, whereas an additional fourth lowest metal layer 230 is used to connect the directional coupler structure shown with an antenna arranged outside (not shown here).
  • regions in which a conductor layer is etched off due to the known Multilayer technology are filled with dielectric material when pressed together at elevated temperature.
  • a directional coupler of 11 dB actually manufactured according to the structure described above had a coupling gap nominal value of 380 ⁇ m. Etching tolerances down to +/- 40 ⁇ m were completely harmless for the proper functioning of the respective directional coupler. With this specification, conventional couplers would only have a coupling value of about 20 dB or they would require a small coupling gap of 80 ⁇ m that cannot be manufactured using printed circuit board technology.
  • the above-described directional coupler structure according to the invention is preferably provided in the frequency range up to a few GHz and for use on printed circuit boards.
  • the structures described above can in principle be used with all of the above-mentioned devices, even with special HF substrates at higher frequencies, for example in the 77 GHz which is widely used in automotive technology.
  • An integrated use of the structures in HF ICs at even higher frequencies can also be implemented.

Landscapes

  • Waveguides (AREA)
  • Structure Of Printed Boards (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un coupleur directionnel utilisé dans la technique des conducteurs à ruban, comprenant deux conducteurs de couplage séparés d'un point de vue galvanique d'une couche de masse qui se trouve au potentiel de masse, ledit coupleur directionnel présentant notamment une structure multicouche qui comprend au moins trois couches métalliques séparées par au moins deux couches isolantes diélectriques. Selon l'invention, la première couche métallique constitue le conducteur de couplage, et la seconde des trois couches métalliques ou plus, présente une structure conductrice séparée d'un point de vue galvanique des deux autres couches métalliques ou plus, ladite structure conductrice permettant la formation de très petites capacités connectées en série, entre les trois couches métalliques ou plus.
EP04804750A 2003-12-30 2004-12-09 Coupleur directionnel a espace de couplage important Expired - Lifetime EP1702386B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10361834 2003-12-30
DE102004021535A DE102004021535A1 (de) 2003-12-30 2004-05-03 Richtkoppler in Streifenleitertechnik mit breitem Koppelspalt
PCT/EP2004/053377 WO2005064740A1 (fr) 2003-12-30 2004-12-09 Coupleur directionnel a espace de couplage important

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1702386A1 true EP1702386A1 (fr) 2006-09-20
EP1702386B1 EP1702386B1 (fr) 2009-08-05

Family

ID=34740523

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04804750A Expired - Lifetime EP1702386B1 (fr) 2003-12-30 2004-12-09 Coupleur directionnel a espace de couplage important

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7525397B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1702386B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4197352B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005064740A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101599571A (zh) * 2008-06-02 2009-12-09 鸿富锦精密工业（深圳）有限公司 定向耦合器
DE102009048148A1 (de) * 2009-06-04 2010-12-09 Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorwärtskoppler mit Bandleitern
US8299871B2 (en) * 2010-02-17 2012-10-30 Analog Devices, Inc. Directional coupler
DE102011080429A1 (de) * 2011-08-04 2013-02-07 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Galvanisch getrennter Richtkoppler
JP6125274B2 (ja) * 2013-02-27 2017-05-10 株式会社東芝 電子回路および電子機器
US20150061698A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-05 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Electromagnetic interference (emi) test apparatus
KR102581252B1 (ko) 2016-04-22 2023-09-22 삼성전자주식회사 이어폰 인터페이스 및 이를 포함하는 전자 장치

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2151478C2 (de) 1971-10-15 1981-05-07 Kathrein-Werke Kg, 8200 Rosenheim Richtungskoppler
GB2218853A (en) 1988-05-18 1989-11-22 Philips Electronic Associated Microwave directional coupler
JPH02238716A (ja) 1989-03-13 1990-09-21 Fujitsu Ltd 位相同期発振回路
JPH03295302A (ja) 1990-04-12 1991-12-26 Tokimec Inc マイクロストリップ回路の製造方法
JPH0567904A (ja) 1991-09-05 1993-03-19 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 分布結合形方向性結合器
JP2651336B2 (ja) * 1993-06-07 1997-09-10 株式会社エイ・ティ・アール光電波通信研究所 方向性結合器
JPH09116312A (ja) 1995-10-19 1997-05-02 Murata Mfg Co Ltd 積層型方向性結合器
JP3498597B2 (ja) * 1998-10-22 2004-02-16 株式会社村田製作所 誘電体線路変換構造、誘電体線路装置、方向性結合器、高周波回路モジュールおよび送受信装置
JP2003087008A (ja) 2001-07-02 2003-03-20 Ngk Insulators Ltd 積層型誘電体フィルタ
US6642819B1 (en) * 2001-11-30 2003-11-04 Anokiwave, Inc. Method and bend structure for reducing transmission line bend loss
US6759923B1 (en) 2002-02-19 2004-07-06 Raytheon Company Device for directing energy, and a method of making same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2005064740A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7525397B2 (en) 2009-04-28
WO2005064740A1 (fr) 2005-07-14
JP4197352B2 (ja) 2008-12-17
EP1702386B1 (fr) 2009-08-05
JP2007517442A (ja) 2007-06-28
US20070296517A1 (en) 2007-12-27

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