EP1709209A2 - Verfahren zum leichtmetall-legierungs-sintern - Google Patents
Verfahren zum leichtmetall-legierungs-sinternInfo
- Publication number
- EP1709209A2 EP1709209A2 EP04802845A EP04802845A EP1709209A2 EP 1709209 A2 EP1709209 A2 EP 1709209A2 EP 04802845 A EP04802845 A EP 04802845A EP 04802845 A EP04802845 A EP 04802845A EP 1709209 A2 EP1709209 A2 EP 1709209A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sintering
- sintered
- alloy
- light metal
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
- C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
- B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
- B22F2003/248—Thermal after-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for light metal alloy sintering for lightweight metal parts and subsequently produced light metal parts.
- Sintered parts meet all the necessary requirements for mechanical strength and elasticity in simpler manufacturing processes. Both homogeneously melting metal powder mixtures and non-homogeneous melting of metal powder mixtures can be used as starting materials. It can powders, granules, Gries od. Like. Of different grain sizes are used. These are usually pressed with a pressing aid, which is required to demold the compacted part from the mold, and then sintered, where it undergoes a greater or lesser shrinkage during sintering by eliminating the voids in the structure.
- the sintering of iron-containing powders is known, for example, from EP 11 33 374 B1 or EP 1246950 B1.
- the experience of sintering steel powder is not transferable to the sintering of light metal sintered parts, such as aluminum, because iron and its alloys do not form a refractory oxide layer which interferes with later sintering of the powder particles.
- Due to the high ductility of the material sintering processes are easy to carry out for steel alloys.
- a high non-uniform shrinkage of ⁇ 2-6% by volume was observed in this conventional sintering process, resulting in non-dimensional parts and very high reject rates. Consequently, the production of light metal sintered parts has so far been problematic.
- light metal sintered parts it is desirable to use light metal sintered parts to save weight and to allow lightweight construction. This is especially true for parts for vehicle production - both land and air, but is useful for all applications, including those where weight should be saved. Light metal parts also have the advantage of low corrosion because they have passivated surfaces - hence they are often superior in applications where iron parts might rust - for example, in wet rooms, alkaline environments, etc. Hitherto, light-alloy sintered parts, for example aluminum alloy sintered parts, have been produced by a conventional sintering method in which the powder to be sintered is sintered. ver - which may consist of a material or a mixture of materials, was first pressed with a pressing aid to a green compact. This was then sintered, quenched and calibrated at a sintering temperature in the range of 60 to 90% of the liquidus temperature of the sintered material.
- a process for sintering aluminum powder is known from DE 19950595, in which high-density metal powder is sintered at relatively low temperatures in order to avoid a liquid phase. This process provided parts whose mechanical properties could still be improved.
- the object is achieved by a sintering process for lightweight metal parts comprising the following steps: pressing a light metal sintered powder mixture with pressing aid to obtain a green compact having a compression of about 90% of its theoretical density; Sintering the green body at a sintering temperature of 80-95% of the liquidus temperature of the light metal alloy with removal of the pressing aid; Two-dimensional cold repressing of the presintered part by about 10% of its height with elongated deformation of the grains of the microstructure, sintering of the re-densified part at high sintering temperatures of 90-99% of the liquidus temperature of the light metal alloy; and calibrating the high sintered part with another compaction by about 1-2% of its height.
- Advantageous developments emerge from the dependent claims.
- the invention also relates to sintered parts produced by this method.
- the grains of the structure are thereby elongated deformed due to the zweldimensionalen pressing, whereby this deformation is retained until the end product.
- the elongated grains provide a very good internal consolidation of the part - as could be achieved in a similar way at most by fibers.
- This high compression is followed by high sintering at very high sintering temperatures, which strengthens this structure, dissipates stresses in the high-density sintered body and further bonds occur between adjacent grains.
- very high sintering temperatures are here referred to those which are located in the upper limit of the sintering temperature of the light metal alloy. Usually, sintering takes place at 60 to 90% of the liquidus temperature of the alloy to be sintered.
- Meh ⁇ hasige powders and powder mixtures are generally sintered in the vicinity of the melting or solidus temperature of the lowest-melting component of the mixture.
- high sintering temperatures are understood as meaning those of more than 90% of the liquidus temperature and, under normal sintering temperatures, those which are around 90% of the liquidus temperature.
- the part thus produced can be calibrated.
- the parts produced in this way are very dimensionally stable and have very favorable physical properties due to the microstructure produced by the process.
- Suitable shielding gases are all those which do not react to a significant extent with the alloy constituents. the gases, such as nitrogen, argon, hydrogen or mixtures thereof etc. The selection of such a gas is familiar to the person skilled in the art.
- the process can also be carried out in a vacuum
- the sintered part may be advantageous to quench the sintered part in water, especially if the sintered part is substantially non-reactive, for example. Oxidation-prone.
- the selection of the quenching medium depends strongly on the material - but is easily accessible to the skilled person. In this case, gaseous or liquid quenching media can be used - depending on the behavior of the freshly sintered part relative to the medium.
- solution annealing i. to use a heat treatment at lower temperatures of about 70% to 95% of the liquidus of the light metal alloy after sintering followed by quenching, making the part easier to calibrate and the alloying elements unevenly distributed in the structure are dissolved and homogenized in the solid solution.
- the light metal alloy may be selected from aluminum alloys, Mg alloys, Be alloys or material mixtures with hard parts, such as SiC, boron carbide, boron nitride, tungsten carbide, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3 or AIN, TiB 2.
- alloys which can not be produced by melt metallurgy.
- Typical are titanium alloys, such as TiAl, TialNb, or else Mg alloys or beryllium alloys or lithium alloys.
- aluminum alloys are currently. preferably AlSi, AlSiCu, AISiCuMg.
- an aluminum alloy has from about 1 to 4% Cu, 12 to 17% Si, 0 to 3% Mg, balance aluminum, preferably 2 to 3% Cu, 13 to 16% Si 0 to 3% Mg , Rest aluminum proved to be suitable - of course, other sinterable light metal alloys, such as those of magnesium or beryllium can be used.
- aluminum alloys which except aluminum, one or more metals such as 0.1 - 15% Cu, 0.1 - 30% Mg, 0.1 - 40% Si; 0.1-15% Cu, 0.1-15% Zn, 0.1-15% Ti, 0.1-9% Sn, 0.1-2.5% Mn, 0.1-5% Ni and / or less than 1% As, Sb, Co, Be, Pb or B and 0.8 to 40% Mo, Wo, Cr, V, Zr and / or Yt.
- metals such as 0.1 - 15% Cu, 0.1 - 30% Mg, 0.1 - 40% Si; 0.1-15% Cu, 0.1-15% Zn, 0.1-15% Ti, 0.1-9% Sn, 0.1-2.5% Mn, 0.1-5% Ni and / or less than 1% As, Sb, Co, Be, Pb or B and 0.8 to 40% Mo, Wo, Cr, V, Zr and / or Yt.
- an aluminum-silicon alloy sintered body may be made of powder of an aluminum-silicon alloy mixed with pure aluminum powder - that is, various components are compounded into the final composition. It may also be very important to select the powder type - depending on the preparation of the powder, this may have a smaller grain size, which may be desirable for the preparation of an intimate mixture - or have a larger grain. It has proven to be particularly favorable to use powder of small particle size, which compresses very well and mixes well. The invention is by no means limited to the use of such powders. Typical powders have an average particle size of 50-150 ⁇ m.
- the powder mixture In order to be able to produce green bodies, the powder mixture must have a binding and / or pressing aid, since the powder can only be brought into defined, relatively permanent molds in the cold state with pressing aids, which are then sintered. Particularly preferred are those pressing aids which can be easily driven out thermally, such as long-chain hydrocarbons or materials which contain long-chain hydrocarbon chains - all materials customary in this field can be used.
- the invention also relates to light metal sintered components, produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims.
- the inventive Parts have a conspicuously one-dimensional pressed grain structure, which leads to a high strength and elasticity and thus mechanical strength with high dimensional accuracy.
- Typical light metal components that can be so manufactured and used are rotors, stators, wheels such as pump wheels, sprockets, gears and rollers of all kinds, valve parts for engines, cam for built-up camshaft u. like. More.
- FIG. 3 shows a section through the cold-pressed sintered AISi14 green compact of FIG
- FIG. 4 shows a section through the highly sintered cold-pressed AISi14 sintered ring of FIG. 3;
- FIG. 5 shows a section through the calibrated high-sintered light metal component of FIG
- the method according to the invention therefore always has the steps, as shown again graphically in FIG. 1, of the steps: - Producing a green part by pressing powder and pressing aid to a mold near the final shape;
- This green compact is sintered in a dry nitrogen atmosphere oven at 500-530 ° C, shrinking by about 1% by volume.
- the part is quenched by inert gas and the state thus obtained frozen.
- a section through this sintered part is shown in FIG.
- the dark grains are silicon and the lighter grains are the aluminum alloy.
- the edge of the sintered part shown on the left is still quite open and rough.
- the post-compacted pre-sintered disc is then transferred to a sintering furnace with ⁇ atmosphere and sintered at 560-570 ° C for about 1 hour. Thereafter, the part is quenched after solution annealing. A section through the part after this treatment is shown in FIG. The structure is now even denser - i. There are fewer dark spots in the structure - and many grain boundaries are blurred. Significantly, the compacted structure, especially in the dense surface, falls on.
- the sintered part thus treated is then compressed in a Kalibrie ⁇ resse about another 1-2% of its height and assumes its final shape. This step can be followed by another hot aging to resolve stresses in the structure.
- the part had the following properties for hardness: HB 2.5 / 62.5 90 - 100 Density: 2.61 g / cm 3 (96% of theoretical density) Tolerance accuracy: IT7
- the green compact thus produced is pre-sintered at 500 ° C, where it undergoes a shrinkage of about 1 vol.% And quenched the sintered part.
- the sintered part is cold-condensed in a press by 5% of its height.
- This cold densified pre-sintered part is then transferred to a sintering furnace and sintered at 565-570 ° C under N 2 or other inert gas for about 1 hour. Thereafter solution heat treatment and quenching in nitrogen or water takes place.
- the material experiences only a minor compaction of less than 1%.
- the sintered part thus treated is then cold compressed again in another press by 5% of its height and now takes substantially its final shape. It is then transferred to a sintering furnace and sintered at 565 - 570 ° C under argon or other inert gas for about 1 hour. Thereafter solution heat treatment and quenching in nitrogen or water takes place.
- the material experiences only a minor compaction of less than 1%.
- the double-compacted sintered part is again pressed in a Kalibrie ⁇ resse by about 1% of its height.
- this step warm Auslagern.
- An aluminum powder mixture of a final composition of about 5% copper, about 0.5% silicon, about 0.5% magnesium, balance aluminum - the alloy is subject to mix variations as different starting alloys are mixed together - ⁇ 2% wax becomes conventional pressed to a green rod with a green strength of> 8.0 N / mm 2 to a density of 90% of the theoretical density.
- This green compact is sintered in a dry nitrogen atmosphere furnace at 520-560 ° C, shrinking by about 1% by volume. This part is then two-dimensionally recompressed in a press by 12% of its height to a density of about 95% of the theoretical density.
- the post-densified pre-sintered disc is then transferred in a sintering furnace with ⁇ atmosphere and sintered at 580 - 610 ° C for about 1 hour. Then the part is quenched after solution annealing. The structure is now even denser.
- the sintered part thus treated is then compressed in a Kalibrie ⁇ resse about another 1-2% of its height and assumes its final shape. This step can be followed by another hot aging to improve the mechanical properties.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL04802845T PL1709209T3 (pl) | 2004-01-19 | 2004-11-26 | Sposób spiekania stopów metali lekkich |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102004002714A DE102004002714B3 (de) | 2004-01-19 | 2004-01-19 | Verfahren zum Leichtmetall-Legierungs-Sintern |
| PCT/DE2004/002636 WO2005068112A2 (de) | 2004-01-19 | 2004-11-26 | Verfahren zum leichtmetall-legierungs-sintern |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1709209A2 true EP1709209A2 (de) | 2006-10-11 |
| EP1709209B1 EP1709209B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 |
Family
ID=34442568
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04802845A Expired - Lifetime EP1709209B1 (de) | 2004-01-19 | 2004-11-26 | Verfahren zum leichtmetall-legierungs-sintern |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1709209B1 (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE398190T1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102004002714B3 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2272202T3 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL1709209T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2005068112A2 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108277369A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-13 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种轻质高硬铝合金加工工艺 |
| DE102017123738A1 (de) | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-18 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Antriebsrad für Nockenwellenversteller und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Antriebsrades für einen Nockenwellenversteller |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010003546B4 (de) * | 2010-03-31 | 2016-02-04 | Schwäbische Hüttenwerke Automotive GmbH | Kombinierte Kettenrad-Stator-Einheit |
| CN103008662B (zh) * | 2011-09-23 | 2015-06-03 | 复盛应用科技股份有限公司 | 复合金属的一体成型方法 |
| CN102699327B (zh) * | 2012-01-04 | 2015-03-25 | 洛阳科威钨钼有限公司 | 一种钼坩埚的制作工艺 |
| CN103506624B (zh) * | 2012-06-20 | 2015-12-02 | 中磁科技股份有限公司 | 钕铁硼磁体的烧结方法 |
| DE102012017040A1 (de) * | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-27 | Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundbauteils sowie ein Verbundbauteil |
| AT515747B1 (de) * | 2014-04-24 | 2017-02-15 | Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Baugruppe |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2438315C3 (de) * | 1974-08-09 | 1979-01-25 | Sintermetallwerk Krebsoege Gmbh, 5608 Krebsoege | Verfahren zum pulvermetallurgischen Herstellen von Genauteilen |
| US4393563A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1983-07-19 | Smith David T | Cold forced sintered powder metal annular bearing ring blanks |
| JP2761085B2 (ja) * | 1990-07-10 | 1998-06-04 | 昭和電工株式会社 | Al−Si系合金粉末焼結部品用の原料粉末および焼結部品の製造方法 |
| JP2000017307A (ja) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-01-18 | Toyota Motor Corp | 焼結部材の製造方法 |
| DE19850326A1 (de) * | 1998-11-02 | 2000-05-04 | Gkn Sinter Metals Holding Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines gesinterten Bauteils mit Nachverformung des Grünlings |
| DE19950595C1 (de) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-02-01 | Dorn Gmbh C | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Sinterteilen aus einer Aluminiumsintermischung |
| PL191806B1 (pl) * | 1999-12-31 | 2006-07-31 | Inst Obrobki Plastycznej | Sposób otrzymywania elementów kształtowych |
| DE10203283C5 (de) * | 2002-01-29 | 2009-07-16 | Gkn Sinter Metals Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von gesinterten Bauteilen aus einem sinterfähigen Material und gesintertes Bauteil |
-
2004
- 2004-01-19 DE DE102004002714A patent/DE102004002714B3/de not_active Withdrawn - After Issue
- 2004-11-26 PL PL04802845T patent/PL1709209T3/pl unknown
- 2004-11-26 AT AT04802845T patent/ATE398190T1/de active
- 2004-11-26 DE DE502004007370T patent/DE502004007370D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-26 WO PCT/DE2004/002636 patent/WO2005068112A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-26 EP EP04802845A patent/EP1709209B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-11-26 ES ES04802845T patent/ES2272202T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2005068112A3 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102017123738A1 (de) | 2017-10-12 | 2019-04-18 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Antriebsrad für Nockenwellenversteller und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Antriebsrades für einen Nockenwellenversteller |
| CN108277369A (zh) * | 2018-02-09 | 2018-07-13 | 兰州理工大学 | 一种轻质高硬铝合金加工工艺 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2005068112A2 (de) | 2005-07-28 |
| WO2005068112A3 (de) | 2006-01-19 |
| PL1709209T3 (pl) | 2008-11-28 |
| ES2272202T1 (es) | 2007-05-01 |
| DE502004007370D1 (de) | 2008-07-24 |
| ES2272202T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
| EP1709209B1 (de) | 2008-06-11 |
| DE102004002714B3 (de) | 2005-05-19 |
| ATE398190T1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
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