EP1736616A1 - Parcage démontable avec au moins un étage en plus du rez-de-chaussée - Google Patents

Parcage démontable avec au moins un étage en plus du rez-de-chaussée Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP1736616A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: parking lot; vertical support; steel; demountable; modular
Prior art date: 2005-06-23
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP06115042A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP1736616B1 (fr

Inventor

Daniele Mussini

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Individual

Original Assignee

Individual

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2005-06-23

Filing date

2006-06-06

Publication date

2006-12-27

2006-06-06 Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual

2006-12-27 Publication of EP1736616A1 publication Critical patent/EP1736616A1/fr

2008-10-29 Application granted granted Critical

2008-10-29 Publication of EP1736616B1 publication Critical patent/EP1736616B1/fr

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2026-06-06 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

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Classifications

- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H6/00—Buildings for parking cars, rolling-stock, aircraft, vessels or like vehicles, e.g. garages
- E04H6/08—Garages for many vehicles
- E04H6/10—Garages for many vehicles without mechanical means for shifting or lifting vehicles, e.g. with helically-arranged fixed ramps, with movable ramps
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2454—Connections between open and closed section profiles
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B1/2403—Connection details of the elongated load-supporting parts
- E04B2001/2463—Connections to foundations
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B2001/2484—Details of floor panels or slabs
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
- E04B1/24—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of metal
- E04B2001/2496—Shear bracing therefor

Definitions

the present invention relates to a demountable and remountable modular parking lot for motor vehicles, composed of at least one upper storey in addition to the ground floor.
EP 0 364 414 B1 describes a structure of this latter type, suitable for constructing temporary parking lots consisting of a first transit and parking floor, accessible by one or more ramps, and a ground floor (covered by the first floor) also usable for transit and parking.
the relative structure is obtained by assembling a determined number (depending on parking requirements) of modular structural units, each of which comprises: a square or rectangular floor slab constructed of ribbed sheet steel, completed upperly by a filling and finishing material to provide a walking path; four steel beams, one for each edge of the floor slab; four steel junction elements at the corners of the floor slab; four vertical steel support elements below each of the junction elements; and four steel bases below each vertical support element.
Structure bracing rods are also provided, the ends of which are connected to said junction elements and bases.
the vertical support elements are subjected only to axial load for the reasons given hereinafter. Means are also provided to adjust the length of the vertical support elements.
the bases each comprise a baseplate from which there upwardly extends a coaxial cylindrical collar rigidly fixed to the baseplate.
a first hinge element in the form of a spherical cap, rests on the baseplate within the cylindrical collar, with its convex side facing upwards.
the vertical support element comprises an externally threaded lower cylindrical pin of diameter less than the inner diameter of said cylindrical collar, in order to be inserted fairly loosely into this latter.
the threaded cylindrical pin presents a second hinge element of spherical cup shape, complementary to said first hinge element, the concave side of the second hinge element facing downwards.
An internally threaded sleeve is screwed onto the cylindrical pin and can be inserted into and locked in the lower end of the upper part of the vertical support element, which is in the form of a tubular element.
the junction element of the modular structural unit represented in the figures of EP 0 364 414 B1 comprises: a first tubular part insertable coaxially a certain distance into the free upper end of the upper tubular part of the relative vertical support element, and externally presenting angularly equidistant plates for connection to said bracing rods; a horizontal plate for supporting said edge beams fixed to the outer end of the first tubular part; and a second tubular part above the first tubular part and in one piece and coaxial therewith.
the second tubular part presents four vertical plates for connection to said edge beams, these plates being angularly equidistant and slightly offset from the axial vertical plane through the relative edge beam, this plane also passing through the axis of the relative vertical support element.
EP 1 165 909 B1 describes a deck for demountable modular parking lots of the type described in EP 0 364 414 B1 .
the deck of the modular structural unit comprises a floor slab, which is provided with rain water collection and disposal channels and is formed of panels of ribbed sheet steel cooperating with an overlying casting of suitably reinforced concrete.
the aforedescribed modular structural unit is fairly complicated, in that some of its structural elements (in particularly the vertical support elements and the bases) are more similar to pieces of machinery than to the structural steelwork for a parking lot, with the constructional difficulties and costs that this involves.
An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a demountable modular parking lot, obtained by assembling modular structural units which are decidedly more simple than that of EP 0 364 414 B1 .
Another object is to provide a demountable modular parking lot which can have more than one upper storey, each storey being formed with the same type of modular structural unit.
each modular structural unit comprising: a square or rectangular deck including steel beams which carry a single floor slab or several side by side floor slabs, the floor slab or floor slabs being formed using sheet steel; four junction elements, also of steel, on which the deck rests at its four corners; four steel vertical support elements, at the top of which a junction element is provided; and four steel bases, each base comprising a baseplate from which a tubular collar extends coaxially upwards to receive fairly loosely the lower end of the relative vertical support element; characterised in that:
the vertical support elements are in one piece of fixed length does not mean that it is not possible to vary within certain limits the distance between the base and the overlying deck, this being achieved extremely simply by inserting a spacer element into the tubular collar of the relative base, this spacer element directly supporting the lower end of the vertical support element inserted into the tube piece, this latter evidently having to be of adequate height.
each junction element comprises a first plate, which fixed similarly to a capital to the top of the vertical support element, the first plate carrying by means of threaded bars and relative nuts and locking nuts an overlying second plate, parallel to and spaced from the first, one end of the relative edge beam resting on and being removably fixed to the second plate.
the structural units of the parking lot of the present invention can also comprise an intermediate secondary beam or even two parallel intermediate secondary beams (making a total of three and four beams respectively, a number in any event less than five).
two parallel secondary beams carried by the edge beams these conveniently divide the deck of a modular structural unit into three bays with the central bay being double the span of the two side bays.
floor slabs which are all equal (to be known as typical floor slabs) and have a span equal to the distance between two secondary beams, with the central floor slab resting on the two secondary beams and the lateral floor slabs resting at one end on one of the two secondary beams of the modular structural unit concerned and the other end on the nearer secondary beam of the adjacent modular structural unit.
non-lateral structural units of the parking lot can be used for the "non-lateral" structural units of the parking lot according to the invention, given that the modular structural units forming two parallel sides of the parking lot (known hereinafter as “lateral” structural units) require an additional secondary beam (the lateral structural units hence have five beams) disposed on the outer edge of the relative deck area, a relative floor slab with a span one half the span of the typical floor slab also having to be provided. It is apparent that the "non-lateral" structural units are normally of a considerably greater number than the "lateral" floor slabs, so that this arrangement is in any event convenient.
the demountable modular parking lot of the present invention can if required have two, three or more upper storeys. To achieve this result, it is sufficient to simply superpose a number of parking lots having one upper storey, provided that the vertical support elements of each storey are dimensioned for the predicted loads deriving from the overlying storeys. In particular, if junction elements of the aforedescribed type are used, threaded bars need simply to be provided having a length sufficient to also secure the base of the overlying storey.
the modular structural unit shown therein comprises a deck consisting essentially of a floor slab 16 and two parallel steel edge beams 12, which in this specific case are of I cross-section (their cross-section can however be of different shape).
the floor slab 16 is formed in this specific case from ribbed sheet steel, cooperating with an overlying reinforced concrete casting (not shown in the figures for simplicity).
the sheet steel could however be non-ribbed (i.e. smooth), and not be provided with a cooperating layer, in the sense that it could have merely an upper covering or hood, not cooperating with a sheet steel, to form the treading/transit surface (hence without using cooperating reinforced concrete).
the modular structural unit 10NL and 10L has a deck provided with two additional secondary steel beams 14, of I cross-section. These latter are spaced apart by a distance equal to one half their distance from the adjacent vertical support elements indicated by 18.
Two typical floor slabs (identical, of span L), indicated overall by the reference numerals 16A and 16B, rest on the secondary beams 14.
the typical floor slabs 16A and 16B can be of the various types described above with reference to the floor slab 16 of Figures 1 and 2, and in particular can comprise a ribbed steel sheet cooperating with an overlying reinforced concrete casting.
the floor slab 16B rests at one end on one of the two secondary beams 14 of the structural unit 10NL, while its other end rests on the nearer secondary beam of an adjacent modular unit (having two vertical support elements in common with the first).
the modular structural unit 10NL of Figures 3 and 4 is of "non-lateral" type, normally used to form most of the parking lot, whereas the structural units which form two of the parallel edges of this latter (i.e. the "lateral" structural units, of which one is shown in Figure 5 and indicated by 10N) differ from the unit 10NL merely by the fact that in addition to the typical floor slabs 16A and 16B they must also comprise a third lateral floor slab 16L, formed in practice as these latter but with one half the span.
a third secondary edge beam 14L must also be provided in the modular structural units to support the outer edge of the floor slab 16L.
the first plate 28 is stiffened by lower angle plates 32 welded to it and to the tubular column 18, in this specific case of square cross-section.
a relative downpipe 34 ( Figures 14 and 16) can be conveniently passed through the tubular columns 18, to then emerge from the column 18 at a suitable height as not to interfere with the base 36 and relative accessories (described hereinafter).
the base 36 is best seen in Figures 6-8 and comprises a baseplate 38 on which a collar 40 is centrally welded, formed from a piece of square tube, which enables the lower end of the relative vertical support element 18 to be received fairly slackly (Figure 14), such that said lower end rests simply and directly on the baseplate 38.
Angle plates 42 welded to the baseplate 38 and to the collar 40 make the assembly rigid. Suitable holes can be provided in the angle plates 42 and 32 for connecting bracing elements to them, in particular the rods 44 of Figures 1-4.
the baseplate 38 presents four through holes 48 for fixing to the ground by anchoring bolts. In the case of a parking lot with more than one upper storey, the holes 48 can be used to anchor the base 36 of one storey to the underlying storey, by using the threaded bars 22 of the underlying junction element 30.
the base 36 is provided with an annular element 46 lying in a plane parallel to the baseplate 38 and welded to the angle plates 42, and against which a vehicle's wheels collide before they laterally strike the column 18. This can happen during parking, hence the annular element 46 serves to prevent impact against the columns 18.
the base 36 can be provided with a protection means 50 for the columns 18 which, notwithstanding the presence of the annular element 46, may be struck (for example frontwards or rearwards) by vehicles.
the protection means 50 has a roughly C shaped cross-section (Figure 9), to substantially surround one half of the perimeter of the bottom of a column 18, and is fixable to the base 36 by a single bolt, being provided with two parallel lugs 52 which, when the protection means 50 is in position, lie straddling one of the angle plates 42.
the advantage of this arrangement is that if the danger of impact exists on only one side (as in the case of the edge columns), the protection means 50 is provided only on the side concerned (as in Figures 9 and 10), whereas if the column 18 can be struck on both sides these sides are protected by two equal protection means disposed symmetrically. It will be noted that the base shown in Figures 9 and 10 is otherwise identical to that of Figures 6-8.
the height of the column 18 can be varied, within certain limits, by simply interposing a spacer element (not shown for simplicity) between the baseplate 38 and the lower end of a relative column 18, so that by providing a spacer element of suitable thickness the distance between the base 36 and the second plate 20 can be varied (within determined limits). It should also be noted that this distance can be more finely adjusted by the threaded bars 22 and relative nuts 24 and locking nuts 26 of the junction elements 30.
the columns 18 can have cross-sections other than square (for example rectangular, polygonal or H shape).
the last storey (if there is only one upper storey, this will be the last) of the parking lot of the present invention can be covered by conventional covering (for example a simple roof), which would be lighter than the floor of the parking lot as it has only to support weather-induced loads.
conventional covering for example a simple roof
the covering there is nothing to prevent the covering from being obtained by utilizing an additional floor obtained by using the modular structural units of the parking lot of the present invention.
Figures 14 and 15 show how the floor slabs 16A and 16B are formed in this specific case with ribbed sheet steel completed with an upper reinforced concrete casting to obtain a treading/transit/drivable floor. If there is no overlying roof, the relative deck is provided with secondary channels 54 ( Figures 4 and 5) between the floor slabs 16A and 16B, exactly above the secondary beams 14, for removing rain water, their two ends discharging into main channels located above the edge beams 12. Specifically, Figure 14 shows in cross-section a main channel 56 if the floor slabs 16 lie on both its sides, whereas Figure 16 shows a main channel 56L if the relative main beam 12 is the most outer edge beam. The channels are closed upperly by conventional grilles 62.
Figure 15 in addition to showing how the joint can be made between a secondary beam 14 and a main beam 12, also shows how an expansion joint can be obtained between two floor slabs 16A and 16B in the position in which otherwise there would be a secondary channel 54, the joint gap being filled lowerly with a polystyrene layer 58 and upperly with an impermeable material 60.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Architecture (AREA)
Civil Engineering (AREA)
Structural Engineering (AREA)
Refuge Islands, Traffic Blockers, Or Guard Fence (AREA)
Road Paving Structures (AREA)
Floor Finish (AREA)
Passenger Equipment (AREA)
Tents Or Canopies (AREA)

EP06115042A 2005-06-23 2006-06-06 Parcage démontable avec au moins un étage en plus du rez-de-chaussée Active EP1736616B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
IT001192A ITMI20051192A1 (it)	2005-06-23	2005-06-23	Parcheggio modulare smontabile avente almeno un piano oltre al piano terra

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1736616A1 true EP1736616A1 (fr)	2006-12-27
EP1736616B1 EP1736616B1 (fr)	2008-10-29

Family

ID=37012117

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP06115042A Active EP1736616B1 (fr)	2005-06-23	2006-06-06	Parcage démontable avec au moins un étage en plus du rez-de-chaussée

Country Status (4)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP1736616B1 (fr)
AT (1)	ATE412809T1 (fr)
DE (1)	DE602006003374D1 (fr)
IT (1)	ITMI20051192A1 (fr)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20080120925A1 (en) *	2006-11-29	2008-05-29	Stefano Paolucci	Demountable modular structure for high-efficiency raised deck parking lots with herringbone parking stalls
ES2312289A1 (es) *	2008-04-16	2009-02-16	Miguel Angel De Ariza Muñoz	Sistema de multiplicacion de aparcamiento en altura.
EP2093352A1 (fr)	2008-02-22	2009-08-26	Daniele Mussini	Système de parking modulaire démontable et remontable, incluant plusieurs étages
GB2457907A (en) *	2008-02-28	2009-09-02	Portasilo Ltd	Raised car parking platform
GB2475908A (en) *	2009-12-04	2011-06-08	Condek Holdings Ltd	Vehicle parking structure with corrugated support panels
ITRM20100538A1 (it) *	2010-10-12	2012-04-13	Fast Park Sist S R L	Capitello eccentrico per impalcati e strutture modulari
EP2712970A1 (fr)	2012-09-27	2014-04-02	Alma Provence	Structure modulaire autoporteuse démontable et procédé de création de surfaces végétalisées et/ou piétonnes en terrasse
JP2015200087A (ja) *	2014-04-07	2015-11-12	株式会社竹中工務店	落下防止壁
DE102015102455A1 (de) *	2015-02-20	2016-08-25	Christmann & Pfeifer Construction Gmbh & Co. Kg	Parkdeckmodul und demontierbares Parkdeck
JP2017119992A (ja) *	2015-12-28	2017-07-06	株式会社内田洋行	水平ブレース構造、水平ブレースの支持装置、及び空間構造体
CN112854452A (zh) *	2021-02-25	2021-05-28	中铁华联建设工程有限公司	一种建筑用钢结构拼装单元

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2994581B1 (fr)	2012-08-20	2014-08-29	Duplipark	Element de structure porteur d’un plancher pour une installation a ossature metallique de stationnement de vehicules evolutive et sans contreventement

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0364414A1 (fr) *	1988-10-06	1990-04-18	CENTRO PROGETTAZIONI COORDINATE S.r.l	Construction modulaire pour zones de stationnement, notamment pour zones de stationnement à usage temporaire
GB2229203A (en) *	1989-03-10	1990-09-19	Car Parking Services Limited	Multi-storey steel building
EP0618336A2 (fr) *	1993-03-29	1994-10-05	Nedcon Magazijninrichting B.V.	Support pour une surface portante modulaire réalisée à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en particulier un parc à voitures en construction légère
EP1165909B1 (fr) *	1999-03-26	2003-07-02	Fast Park Sistema S.r.l.	Faux plancher modulaire demontable pour plates-formes surelevees etanches

2005
- 2005-06-23 IT IT001192A patent/ITMI20051192A1/it unknown
2006
- 2006-06-06 DE DE602006003374T patent/DE602006003374D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-06 EP EP06115042A patent/EP1736616B1/fr active Active
- 2006-06-06 AT AT06115042T patent/ATE412809T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP0364414A1 (fr) *	1988-10-06	1990-04-18	CENTRO PROGETTAZIONI COORDINATE S.r.l	Construction modulaire pour zones de stationnement, notamment pour zones de stationnement à usage temporaire
GB2229203A (en) *	1989-03-10	1990-09-19	Car Parking Services Limited	Multi-storey steel building
EP0618336A2 (fr) *	1993-03-29	1994-10-05	Nedcon Magazijninrichting B.V.	Support pour une surface portante modulaire réalisée à partir d'éléments préfabriqués en particulier un parc à voitures en construction légère
EP1165909B1 (fr) *	1999-03-26	2003-07-02	Fast Park Sistema S.r.l.	Faux plancher modulaire demontable pour plates-formes surelevees etanches

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20080120925A1 (en) *	2006-11-29	2008-05-29	Stefano Paolucci	Demountable modular structure for high-efficiency raised deck parking lots with herringbone parking stalls
US8434277B2 (en) *	2006-11-29	2013-05-07	Stefano Paolucci	Demountable modular structure for high-efficiency raised deck parking lots with herringbone parking stalls
EP2093352A1 (fr)	2008-02-22	2009-08-26	Daniele Mussini	Système de parking modulaire démontable et remontable, incluant plusieurs étages
GB2457907A (en) *	2008-02-28	2009-09-02	Portasilo Ltd	Raised car parking platform
ES2312289A1 (es) *	2008-04-16	2009-02-16	Miguel Angel De Ariza Muñoz	Sistema de multiplicacion de aparcamiento en altura.
ES2312289B1 (es) *	2008-04-16	2009-10-13	Simulpal S.L.U.	Sistema de aparcamiento en altura.
WO2009127753A3 (fr) *	2008-04-16	2010-04-22	De Ariza Munoz Miguel Angel	Système de stationnement en hauteur
GB2475908A (en) *	2009-12-04	2011-06-08	Condek Holdings Ltd	Vehicle parking structure with corrugated support panels
EP2441903A1 (fr)	2010-10-12	2012-04-18	Fast Park Sistema S.r.l.	Chapiteau excentrique pour structures de planchéiage et modulaires
ITRM20100538A1 (it) *	2010-10-12	2012-04-13	Fast Park Sist S R L	Capitello eccentrico per impalcati e strutture modulari
EP2712970A1 (fr)	2012-09-27	2014-04-02	Alma Provence	Structure modulaire autoporteuse démontable et procédé de création de surfaces végétalisées et/ou piétonnes en terrasse
JP2015200087A (ja) *	2014-04-07	2015-11-12	株式会社竹中工務店	落下防止壁
DE102015102455A1 (de) *	2015-02-20	2016-08-25	Christmann & Pfeifer Construction Gmbh & Co. Kg	Parkdeckmodul und demontierbares Parkdeck
WO2016131956A1 (fr) *	2015-02-20	2016-08-25	Christmann & Pfeifer Construction Gmbh & Co. Kg	Procédé de fabrication d'un module de plateforme de stationnement, module de plateforme de stationnement et plateforme de stationnement démontable
EP3725975A1 (fr) *	2015-02-20	2020-10-21	Christmann & Pfeifer Construction GmbH & Co. Kg	Procédé de fabrication d'un module de parc de stationnement à deux niveaux, module de parc de stationnement à deux niveaux etparc de stationnement à deux niveaux démontable
JP2017119992A (ja) *	2015-12-28	2017-07-06	株式会社内田洋行	水平ブレース構造、水平ブレースの支持装置、及び空間構造体
CN112854452A (zh) *	2021-02-25	2021-05-28	中铁华联建设工程有限公司	一种建筑用钢结构拼装单元

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
ATE412809T1 (de)	2008-11-15
DE602006003374D1 (de)	2008-12-11
ITMI20051192A1 (it)	2006-12-24
EP1736616B1 (fr)	2008-10-29

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