EP1740332B1 - Gesinterte metallteile und herstellungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Gesinterte metallteile und herstellungsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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EP1740332B1
EP1740332B1 EP05733730A EP05733730A EP1740332B1 EP 1740332 B1 EP1740332 B1 EP 1740332B1 EP 05733730 A EP05733730 A EP 05733730A EP 05733730 A EP05733730 A EP 05733730A EP 1740332 B1 EP1740332 B1 EP 1740332B1
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Prior art keywords
powder
iron
sintered
densified
parts
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EP05733730A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1740332A1 (de
Inventor
Paul Skoglund
Mikhail Kejzelman
Anders Bergmark
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Hoganas AB
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Hoganas AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/02—Compacting only
    • B22F2003/023—Lubricant mixed with the metal powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/16—Both compacting and sintering in successive or repeated steps
    • B22F3/164—Partial deformation or calibration
    • B22F2003/166—Surface calibration, blasting, burnishing, sizing, coining
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to powder metal parts. Specifically the invention concerns sintered metal parts which have a densified surface and which are suitable for demanding applications. The invention also includes a method of preparing these metal parts.
  • the US 5 711 187 (1990 ) is particularly concerned with the degree of surface hardness, which is necessary in order to produce gear wheels which are sufficiently wear resistant for use in heavy duty applications.
  • the surface hardness or densification should be in the range of 90 to 100 percent of full theoretical density to a depth of at least 380 microns and up to 1,000 microns.
  • No specific details are disclosed concerning the production process but it is stated that admixed powders are preferred as they have the advantage of being more compressible, enabling higher densities to be reached at the compaction stage.
  • the admixed powders should include in addition to iron and 0.2% by weight of graphite, 0.5% by weight of molybdenum, chromium and manganese, respectively.
  • bearing surfaces from powder metal blanks are produced by blending carbon and ferro alloys and lubricant with compressible elemental iron powder, pressing the blending mixture to form the powder metal blank, high temperature Sintering the blank in a reducing atmosphere, compressing the powder metal blanks so as to produce a densified layer having a bearing surface, and then heat treating the densified layer.
  • the sintered powder metal article should have a composition, by weight percent, of 0.5 to 2.0% chromium, 0 and 1.0% molybdenum; 0.1 and 0.6% carbon, with a balance of iron and trace impurities. Broad ranges as regards compaction pressures are mentioned. Thus it is stated that the compaction may be performed at pressures between 25 and 50 ton per square inch (about 390-770 MPa).
  • the US 5 552 109 (1995 ) patent concerns a process of forming a sintered article having high density.
  • the patent is particularly concerned with the production of connecting rods.
  • the powder should be a pre-alloyed iron based powder, that the compacting should be performed in a single step, that the compaction pressures may vary between 25 and 50 ton per square inch (390-770 MPa) to green densities between 6.8 and 7.1 g/cm 3 and that the sintering should be performed at high temperature, particularly between 1270 and 1350°C.
  • sintered products having a density greater than 7.4 g/cm 3 are obtained and it is thus obvious that the high sintered density is a result of the high temperature sintering.
  • powder metal parts is more demanding applications, such as power transmission applications, for example, gear wheels, can be obtained by subjecting an iron or iron-based powder to unaxially compaction at a pressure above 700 MPa to a density above 7.35 g/cm 3 , sintering the obtained green product and subjecting the sintered product to a densification prccess.
  • a characteristic feature of the core of the metal part according to the invention is the pore structure, which is distinguished by comparatively large pores.
  • a sintered metal part which has a densified surface, a sintered density of at least 7.35 g/cm 3 and a core structure distinguished by the pore structure obtained by single pressing to at least 7.35 g/cm 3 and single sintering of a mixture of a coarse iron or iron-based powder and optional additives; characterized in that the core of the metal part has a pore structure wherein at least 50% of the pore area in a cross section consists of pores having a pore area of at least 100 ⁇ m 2 , and that the iron or iron-based powder has a particle size such that at most 10% of the particles are less than 45 ⁇ m, and that the surface densified part is densified to a depth of at least 0.1 mm.
  • a method for producing powder metal parts having a densified surface comprising the steps of: uniaxially compacting an iron or iron-based powder having coarse particles to a density above 7.35 g/cm 3 in a single compaction step at a compaction pressure of at least 700 MPa, wherein the iron or iron-based powder has a particle size such that at most 10% of the particles are less than 45 ⁇ m; subjecting the parts to sintering in a single step at a temperature of at least 1100°C to a density of at least 7.35 g/m 3 , whereby the core of the sintered parts has a pore structure wherein at least 50% of the pore area in a cross section consists of pores having a pore area of at least 100 ⁇ m 2 ; and subjecting the parts to a surface densifying process wherein the surface densified parts are densified to a depth of at least 0.1 mm.
  • Suitable metal powders which can be used as starting materials for the compaction process are powders prepared from metals such as iron. Alloying elements such as carbon, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, copper, nickel, phosphorous, sulphur etc can be added as particles, prealloyed or diffusion alloyed in order to modify the properties of the final sintering product.
  • the iron-based powders can be selected from the group consisting of substantially pure iron powders, pre-alloyed iron-based particles, diffusion alloyed iron-based iron particles and mixture of iron particles or iron-based particles and alloying elements. As regards the particle shape it is preferred that the particles have an irregular form as is obtained by water atomisation. Also sponge iron powders having irregularly shaped particles may be of interest.
  • pre alloyed water atomised powders including low amounts such as up to 5% of one or more of the alloying elements Mo and Cr.
  • powders having a chemical composition corresponding to the chemical composition of Astaloy Mo (1.5% Mo and Astaloy 85 Mo (0.85% Mo) as well as Astaloy CrM (3 Cr,0.5 Mo)and Astaloy CrL (1.5 Cr,0.2 Mo) from Höganäs AB, Sweden.
  • a critical feature of the invention is that the powder used have coarse particles i.e. the powder is essentially without fine particles.
  • the term "essentially without fine particles” is intended to mean that less than about 10%, preferably less than 5% of the powder particles have a size below 45 ⁇ m as measured by the method described in SS-EN 24 497.
  • the average particle diameter is typically between 75 and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the amount of particles above 212 ⁇ m is typically above 20%.
  • the maximum particle size may be about 2 mm.
  • the size of the iron-based particles normally used within the PM industry is distributed according to a gaussian distribution curve with a average particle diameter in the region of 30 to 100 ⁇ m and about 10-30% of the particles are less than 45 ⁇ m.
  • the powders used according to the present invention have a particle size distribution deviating from that normally used. These powders may be obtained by removing the finer fractions of the powder or by manufacturing a powder having the desired particle size distribution.
  • a suitable particle size distribution for a powder having a chemical composition corresponding to the chemical composition of Astaloy 85 Mo could be that at most 5% of the particles should be less than 45 ⁇ m and the average particle diameter is typically between 106 and 300 ⁇ m.
  • the corresponding values for a powder having a chemical composition corresponding to Astaloy CrL are suitably that less than 5% should be less than 45 ⁇ m and the average particle diameter is typically between 106 and 212 ⁇ m.
  • graphite in amounts between 0.1-1, preferably 0.2-1.0, more preferably 0.2-0.7% and most preferably 0.2-0.5% by weight of the total mixture to be compacted could be added before the compaction.
  • graphite addition is not necessary.
  • the iron-base powder may also be combined with a lubricant before it is transferred to the die (internal lubrication).
  • a lubricant is added in order to minimize friction between the metal power particles and between the particles and the die during a compaction, or pressing, step.
  • suitable lubricants are e.g. stearates, waxes, fatty acids and derivatives thereof, oligomers, polymers and other organic substances with lubricating effect.
  • the lubricants may be added in the form of particles but may also be bonded and/or coated to the particles.
  • a lubricating coating of a silane compound of the type disclosed in WO 2004/037467 is included in the powder mixture.
  • the silane compound may be an alkylakoxy or polyetheralkoxy silane, wherein the alkyl group of the alkylalkoxy silane and the polyether chain of the polyetheralkoxy silane include between 8 and 30 carbon atoms, and the alkoxi group includes 1-3 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of such compounds are octyl-tri-metoxy silane, hexadecyl-tri-metoxy silane and polyethyleneether-trimetoxy silane with 10 ethylene ether groups.
  • the amount of lubricant added to the iron-based powder may vary between 0.05 and 0.6%, preferably between 0.1-0.5% by weight of the mixture.
  • binding agents As optional additives hard phases, binding agents, machinability enhancing agents and flow enhancing agents may be added.
  • the compaction may be performed with standard equipment, which means that the new method may be performed without expensive investments.
  • the compaction is performed uniaxially in a single step at ambient or elevated temperature.
  • the compaction pressures are above about 700, more preferably above 800 and most preferably above 900 or even 1000 MPa.
  • the compaction should preferably be performed to densities above 7.45 g/cm 3 .
  • any conventional sintering furnace may be used and the sintering times may vary between about 15 and 60 minutes.
  • the atmosphere of the sintering furnace may be an endogas atmosphere, a mixture between hydrogen and nitrogen or in vacuum.
  • the sintering temperatures may vary between 1100 and 1350C. With sintering temperatures above about 1250°C the best results are obtained.
  • the method according to the present invention has the advantage that one pressing step and one sintering step are eliminated and still sintered densities above 7.64 g/cm 3 can be obtained.
  • a distinguishing feature of the core of the high density green and sintered metal part is the presence of large pores.
  • at least about 50% of the pore area consists of pores having a pore area of at least 100 ⁇ m 2
  • at least about 50% of the pore area consists of pores having a pore area of about 65 ⁇ m 2 .
  • the surface densification may be performed by radial or axial rolling, shoot peening, sizing etc.
  • a preferred method is radial rolling as this method provides short cycle times in combination with great densification depth.
  • the powder metal parts will obtain better mechanical properties with increasing densifying depth.
  • the densification depth is preferably at least 0.1 mm, preferably at least 0.2 mm and most preferably at least 0.3 mm.
  • the particle sized distribution of powder A is similar to the particle size distribution for powder normally used in powder metallurgy; about 0% greater than 250 ⁇ m, about 15-25% between 150 and 250 ⁇ m and about 15 to 30% less than 45 ⁇ m.
  • Astaloy CrL an atomised Mo-, Cr- prealloyed iron based powder with a Cr content of 1.35-1.65%, a Mo content of 0.17-0.27%, a carbon content of at most 0.010% and an oxygen content of at most 0.25%.
  • the particle sized distribution of powder C is similar to the particle size distribution for powder normally used in powder Metallurgy; about 0% greater than 250 ⁇ m, about 15-25% between 150 and 212 ⁇ m and about 10 to 25% less than 45 ⁇ m.
  • Powder D The same chemical composition as powder C but with a coarser particle size distribution according to the table below; Particle size ⁇ m % by weight >500 0 425-500 0.2 300-425 7.4 212-300 21.9 150-212 25.1 106-150 23.4 75-106 11.2 45-75 7.1 ⁇ 45 3.7
  • Mix 1A was based on powder A with an addition of 0.2% by weight of graphite and 0.8% by weight of H wax.
  • Mix 1B was based on powder B with an addition of 0,2% by weight of graphite and 0.2% by weight of hexadecyl trimetoxy silane.
  • Test bars based on Mix 1A was compacted to a green density of 7.1 g/cm 3 and pre sintered at 780°C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen. After sintering the samples were subjected to a second compaction at a pressure of 1100 MPa and finally sintered at 1280°C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% of hydrogen. The sintered density was measured to 7.61 g/cm 3 .
  • the sample prepared from mix 1B was compacted in a single compaction process at 1100 MPa was subsequently sintered at 1280°C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% of hydrogen.
  • the sintered density was 7.67 g/cm 3 .
  • Table 1 MIX POWDER Pressure Sintering Pressure Sintering SD MPa/GD °C MPa °C g/cm 3 1A Astaloy 85 0.80-0.95 Mo standard 0.2 graphite 7.1 780 1100 1280 7.61 1B Astaloy 85 0.80-0.95 Mo coarse 0.2 graphite 1100 1280 7.67
  • Half of the number of the obtained sintered bodies was subjected to a surface densifaction process by shot peening at 6 bars air pressure with steel spheres with a diameter of 0.4 mm.
  • Both the surface densified samples and the samples not subjected to a surface densification process were case hardened at 920°C for 75 minutes at a carbon potential of 0.8% followed by a tempering operation at 200°C for 120 minutes.
  • Bending fatigue limit (BFL) was determined for all of the samples.
  • Figure 1 shows the bending fatigue limit for both the surface densified samples and the samples which were not subjected to surface densification.
  • Figure 2 is a light optical micrograph showing a cross section of a surface densified sample prepared from mix 1A and figure 3 is a similar micrograph from a surface densified sample prepared from mix 1B.
  • Image analysis according to ASTM E 1245 of cross section of surface densified samples produced from sample 1A shows that about 50% of the total cross section pore area consists of pores having a surface area of 65 ⁇ m 2 or more, whereas the same measuring of surface densified samples produced from mix 1B shows that about 50% of the total cross section area consists of pores having a surface area of 200 ⁇ m 2 or more.
  • Mix 2C was based on powder C with an addition of 0.7% of nickel powder, 0.2% by weight of graphite and 0.8% by weight of H wax,
  • Mix 2D was based on powder D with an addition of 0.7% of nickel powder 0.2% of graphite and 0.2% of hexadecyl trimetoxy silane.
  • Test bars based on mix 2C was compacted to a green density of 7.1 g/cm 3 and pre sintered at 780°C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% hydrogen. After sintering the samples were subjected to a second compaction at a pressure of 1100 MPa and finally sintered at 1280°C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% of hydrogen. The sintered density was measured to 7.63 g/cm 3 .
  • Test bars prepared from mix 2D was compacted in a single compaction process at 1100 MPa followed by sintering 1280°C for 30 minutes in an atmosphere of 90% nitrogen and 10% of hydrogen.
  • the sintered density was measured to 7.64 g/cm 3 .
  • Both the surface densified samples and the samples not subjected to a surface densifaction process were case hardened at 920°C for 75 minutes at a carbon potential of 0.8% followed by a tempering operation at 200°C for 120 minutes.
  • Figure 5 shows the bending fatigue limit for both the surface densified samples and the samples which were not subjected to surface densification.
  • Figure 6 is a light optical micrograph showing a cross section of a surface densified sample prepared from mix 2C and figure 7 is a similar micrograph from a surface densified sample prepared from mixture 2D.
  • Image analysis according to ASTM E 1245 of cross section of surface densified samples produced from sample 2C shows that about 50% of the total cross section pore area consists of pores having a surface area of 50 ⁇ m 2 or more, whereas the same measuring of surface densfied samples produced from mix 2D shows that about 50% of the total cross section area consists of pores having a surface area of 110 ⁇ m 2 or more.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Metallurgy (AREA)
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Claims (17)

  1. Gesintertes Metallteil, das eine verdichtete Oberfläche, eine gesinterte Dichte von mindestens 7,35 g/cm3 und eine Kernstruktur hat, die sich durch eine Porenstruktur auszeichnet, welches durch eine einmalige Pressung auf mindestens 7,35 g/cm3 und einmalige Sinterung eines Gemisches eines groben Eisen- oder eisenbasierten Pulvers und optionaler Zusatzstoffe erhalten ist; dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern des Metallteils eine Porenstruktur hat, wobei mindestens 50 % der Porenfläche in einem Querschnitt aus Poren besteht, die eine Porenfläche von mindestens 100 µm2 haben, dass das Eisen- oder eisenbasierte Pulver eine solche Teilchengröße hat, dass höchstens 10 % der Teilchen kleiner als 45 µm sind, und dass der Teil mit verdichteter Oberfläche bis zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 0,1 mm verdichtet ist.
  2. Metallteil nach Anspruch 1, wobei die ungesinterten und die gesinterten Dichten mindestens 7,45, vorzugsweise mindestens 7,5 g/cm3 betragen.
  3. Verfahren zum Herstellen von Metallpulverteilen, die eine verdichtete Oberfläche haben, welches die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - einachsige Verdichtung eines Eisen- oder eisenbasierten Pulvers, das grobe Teilchen hat, bis zu einer Dichte von mehr als 7,35 g/cm3 in einem einzigen Verdichtungsschritt bei einem Verdichtungsdruck von mindestens 700 MPa, wobei das Eisen- oder eisenbasierte Pulver eine solche Teilchengröße hat, dass höchstens 10 % der Teilchen kleiner als 45 µm sind;
    - Sinterung der Teile in einem einzigen Schritt bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 1100 °C bis zu einer Dichte von mindestens 7,35 g/cm3, wobei der Kern der gesinterten Teile eine Porenstruktur hat, wobei mindestens 50 % der Porenfläche in einem Querschnitt aus Poren bestehen, die eine Porenfläche von mindestens 100 µm2 haben; und
    - Ausführen eines Oberflächenverdichtungsprozesses an den Teilen, wobei die oberflächenverdichteten Teile bis zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 0,1 mm verdichtet sind.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, wobei das Pulver Legierungszusätze in einer Menge von bis zu 5 Gewichts-% umfasst.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, wobei die Legierungszusätze aus der Gruppe, die mindestens ein Element umfasst, bestehend aus Graphit, Chrom, Molybdän, Mangan, Nickel und Kupfer, ausgewählt sind.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-5, wobei das Pulver ein Gleitmittel umfasst.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, wobei das Gleitmittel ein organisches Silan ist, das aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Alkylalkoxy- oder Polyetheralkoxy-Silan ausgewählt ist, wobei die Alkylgruppe des Alkylalkoxy-Silans und die Polyetherkette des Polyetheralkoxy-Silans 8 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst und die Alkoxygruppe 1-3 Kohlenstoffatome umfasst.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, wobei das organische Silan aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Octyltrimetoxy-Silan, Hexadecyltrimetoxy-Silan und Polyethylenethertrimetoxy-Silan mit 10 Ethylenethergruppen ausgewählt ist.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-8, wobei das eisenbasierte Pulver ein vorlegiertes, mit Wasser zerstäubtes Pulver ist.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-9, wobei das eisenbasierte Pulver eine solche Teilchengröße hat, dass höchstens 5 % der Teilchen kleiner als 45 µm sind.
  11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-10, wobei die Verdichtung bei einem Druck von mindestens 800 MPa, vorzugsweise mindestens 900 MPa und am besten mindestens 1000 MPa ausgeführt wird.
  12. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-11, wobei das Sintern bei einer Temperatur von mindestens 1200 °C, vorzugsweise mindestens 1250 °C ausgeführt wird.
  13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-12, wobei die verdichteten Teile über eine Zeit von 15 bis 60 Minuten verdichtet werden.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-13, wobei die verdichteten Teile in einer Endogas-Atmosphäre, einer Mischung aus Wasserstoff und Stickstoff oder in einem Vakuum gesintert werden.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-14, wobei die Oberflächenverdichtung durch Walzen ausgeführt wird.
  16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-15, wobei die oberflächenverdichteten Teile bis zu einer Tiefe von mindestens 0,2 mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 0,3 mm verdichtet werden.
  17. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 3-16, wobei die erzeugten Metallpulverteile Zahnräder, Lager, Walzen, Kettenräder, Wellen sind.
EP05733730A 2004-04-21 2005-04-20 Gesinterte metallteile und herstellungsverfahren dafür Expired - Lifetime EP1740332B1 (de)

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PL05733730T PL1740332T3 (pl) 2004-04-21 2005-04-20 Części ze spiekanego metalu i sposób ich wytwarzania

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SE0401041A SE0401041D0 (sv) 2004-04-21 2004-04-21 Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof
PCT/SE2005/000563 WO2005102565A1 (en) 2004-04-21 2005-04-20 Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof

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EP1740332A1 EP1740332A1 (de) 2007-01-10
EP1740332B1 true EP1740332B1 (de) 2010-06-23

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EP (1) EP1740332B1 (de)
JP (2) JP4887287B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100841162B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1946500B (de)
AT (1) ATE471779T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2005235503B2 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0510000A (de)
CA (1) CA2563621C (de)
DE (1) DE602005021964D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2347803T3 (de)
MX (1) MXPA06012183A (de)
PL (1) PL1740332T3 (de)
RU (1) RU2343042C2 (de)
SE (1) SE0401041D0 (de)
TW (1) TWI285140B (de)
WO (1) WO2005102565A1 (de)
ZA (1) ZA200608030B (de)

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US7384445B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2008-06-10 Höganäs Ab Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof
US7393498B2 (en) 2004-04-21 2008-07-01 Hoganas Ab Sintered metal parts and method for the manufacturing thereof
JP5110398B2 (ja) * 2009-06-05 2012-12-26 トヨタ自動車株式会社 鉄基焼結合金、鉄基焼結合金の製造方法およびコンロッド
RU2445188C2 (ru) * 2009-12-28 2012-03-20 Открытое акционерное общество "Русполимет" Способ получения изделий из стальных гранул методом порошковой металлургии с равномерным распределением азота в объеме изделия
WO2011152774A1 (en) * 2010-06-04 2011-12-08 Höganäs Ab (Publ) Nitrided sintered steels
US8469003B2 (en) * 2010-09-10 2013-06-25 Burgess • Norton Mfg. Co., Inc. Fuel injector clamp
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MXPA06012183A (es) 2007-01-17
JP4887287B2 (ja) 2012-02-29
WO2005102565A1 (en) 2005-11-03
KR100841162B1 (ko) 2008-06-24
ATE471779T1 (de) 2010-07-15
CA2563621A1 (en) 2005-11-03
PL1740332T3 (pl) 2010-11-30
TW200539971A (en) 2005-12-16
SE0401041D0 (sv) 2004-04-21
KR20060134220A (ko) 2006-12-27
TWI285140B (en) 2007-08-11
DE602005021964D1 (de) 2010-08-05
EP1740332A1 (de) 2007-01-10
CN1946500B (zh) 2010-05-26
AU2005235503B2 (en) 2008-07-17
RU2343042C2 (ru) 2009-01-10
BRPI0510000A (pt) 2007-09-18
ZA200608030B (en) 2008-07-30
JP2007533857A (ja) 2007-11-22
CN1946500A (zh) 2007-04-11
AU2005235503A1 (en) 2005-11-03
ES2347803T3 (es) 2010-11-04
RU2006140982A (ru) 2008-05-27
JP2010202980A (ja) 2010-09-16

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