EP1770037A1 - Verfahren zum Erkennen von Doppelabzügen von Postsendungen durch Bildanalyse der aufrechten Sendungen - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Erkennen von Doppelabzügen von Postsendungen durch Bildanalyse der aufrechten Sendungen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1770037A1
EP1770037A1 EP06121014A EP06121014A EP1770037A1 EP 1770037 A1 EP1770037 A1 EP 1770037A1 EP 06121014 A EP06121014 A EP 06121014A EP 06121014 A EP06121014 A EP 06121014A EP 1770037 A1 EP1770037 A1 EP 1770037A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
image
items
profile
pixels
dark
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP06121014A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1770037B1 (de
Inventor
Agnès Philippe
Hicham El Bernoussi
Claude Mitte
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Solystic SAS
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Solystic SAS
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1770037A1 publication Critical patent/EP1770037A1/de
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H7/00—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles
    • B65H7/02—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors
    • B65H7/06—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed
    • B65H7/12—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed responsive to double feed or separation
    • B65H7/125—Controlling article feeding, separating, pile-advancing, or associated apparatus, to take account of incorrect feeding, absence of articles, or presence of faulty articles by feelers or detectors responsive to presence of faulty articles or incorrect separation or feed responsive to double feed or separation sensing the double feed or separation without contacting the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2301/00—Handling processes for sheets or webs
    • B65H2301/30—Orientation, displacement, position of the handled material
    • B65H2301/32—Orientation of handled material
    • B65H2301/321—Standing on edge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
    • B65H2511/40—Identification
    • B65H2511/413—Identification of image
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2511/00—Dimensions; Position; Numbers; Identification; Occurrences
    • B65H2511/50—Occurence
    • B65H2511/52—Defective operating conditions
    • B65H2511/524—Multiple articles, e.g. double feed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
    • B65H2553/40—Sensing or detecting means using optical, e.g. photographic, elements
    • B65H2553/42—Cameras
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2553/00—Sensing or detecting means
    • B65H2553/40—Sensing or detecting means using optical, e.g. photographic, elements
    • B65H2553/45—Scanning means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
    • B65H2701/13—Parts concerned of the handled material
    • B65H2701/131—Edges
    • B65H2701/1315—Edges side edges, i.e. regarded in context of transport
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2701/00—Handled material; Storage means
    • B65H2701/10—Handled articles or webs
    • B65H2701/19—Specific article or web
    • B65H2701/1916—Envelopes and articles of mail
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S209/00—Classifying, separating, and assorting solids
    • Y10S209/90—Sorting flat-type mail

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of the processing of postal items in a postal sorting machine and more particularly to a method for the detection of overlapping mail items commonly known in the art as multiple mailing.
  • the method according to the invention applies to small format postal items such as letters or large (very large) format such as magazines.
  • a first method is to perform downstream unstacking mechanical friction on both sides of a current shipment so as to separate where appropriate another shipment overlapping face-to-face the current shipment.
  • a second method consists in measuring, at several measurement points on the path of the shipments, certain physical quantities of the items such as the length, the thickness, the height to detect the presence of items in multiple taps.
  • a third method consists of detecting the presence of multicast sending by image analysis.
  • this third method it is possible to form the image of a transmission viewed from the front (this image being generally provided by the optical reading for the address reading) and the presence of multiple-link messages is detected by an analysis of the upper outline of the shipment as described in the document FR2841487 .
  • this third method it is also possible to form an image of the lower edge (slice below) of the sending by means of a camera placed under the path of the sending.
  • a camera placed under the path of the sending.
  • a linear CCD scanning camera scanning transversely to the direction of travel of the item and therefore at the lower edge (side) of the item
  • the image is a multi-level gray image (MNG image).
  • the digital image is analyzed line by line according to the scanning direction (the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement of the consignment) to measure the gray level values on each line and if on the whole lines, we detect two or more maxima spaced on each line that repeat in a prerecorded pattern on a set of lines in the image, we deduce the presence of mail items in multiple take.
  • the first method of detecting multiple-socket shipments has the disadvantage of generating significant integration costs in a postal sorting machine.
  • postal items can be damaged by the effect of friction on shipments.
  • the second method of detecting multicast shipments has the disadvantage of not being suitable for a broad spectrum of mailings.
  • the contour analysis according to the third method may be insufficient to detect situations of multiple sending in which a sending seen from the front is completely hidden by another larger sending.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a method for detecting multicast shipments based on the analysis of an image of the lower side of an item moved on edge but improved in that it is adapted to detect multi-tap situations on a wide range of mail including very fine postal items (eg reply coupon type postal items with a thickness of approximately 0.15mm) for which the difference between two maxima on a line analysis can be very small and not detectable by the known process of the document WO-03047773 . It has been found that on a lot of shipments, 80% of the cases of multiple catch involve fine letters whose separation is difficult to detect. In addition, the invention aims at a robust and independent detection method of prerecorded models.
  • very fine postal items eg reply coupon type postal items with a thickness of approximately 0.15mm
  • the subject of the invention is a method for detecting overlapping multiple-item postal items, in which sing-on-edge items are moved over a camera and a multi-level gray-scale image of the edge of the voice is formed.
  • transmissions for detecting by image analysis the presence of overlapping items characterized in that the multi-level gray image is transformed into a binary image which reveals a boundary defined by a so-called clear zone, which is the reflection of the singing of at least one sending, extending between two so-called dark zones, this boundary having a first profile called right profile and a second profile said left profile, and in that the right and left profiles are analyzed to detect a profile discontinuity that is indicative of the presence of overlapping items.
  • the light zone is the reflection of the edge or lower side of a mailpiece, but it is understood that the method according to the invention extends to a simple inversion light zone / dark zone in the where it is the dark area that is a reflection of the singing of a mailing.
  • FIG 1 there is shown a mailpiece 1 (seen from the front) which is moved on edge by a conveyor 2 (for example to the double-belt conveyor between which the mail is pinched) in a conveying direction indicated by the arrow 3.
  • the conveyor 2 is for example placed between an unstacker and the sorting outlets of a postal sorting machine conventional per se and not shown in the drawings.
  • a linear camera 4 "CCD” is arranged under the conveyor 2 to form, through a dust-proof glass 5, a digital multi-level gray image (MNG) of the lower side 6 of the shipment 1 on song.
  • MNG digital multi-level gray image
  • a high-resolution camera 4 for example with a resolution of 20 pixels per millimeter, is used to detect a separation of about 0.10 mm between two overlapping shipments.
  • a lighting system of the underside of the sending consisting of two laser diodes provided with a 22 ° line generator having for example a wavelength of 650nm and a power of 5mW. These unrepresented laser diodes are positioned under the conveyor so as to direct light beams converging at a very low incidence of the order of 25 °, which makes it possible to avoid the shadow of the illumination due to a sending placed at a lower level. than another shipment.
  • These laser diodes make a lighting plan rectangular length of about 40mm in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction 3 over a width of 3mm in the direction 3. In the case of large or very large format mail, the length of the lighting plan can be adjusted to about 50mm .
  • the camera 4 is preferably a 512-point linear CCD strip equipped with an adjustable F1.6 / 25mm lens for small format mail and large or very large format mail.
  • the entire optical system has a resolution of the order of 20 dots / mm in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the direction 3 and a variable resolution of 3 to 8 dots / mm in this direction 3 for the small format mail as a function of the conveying speed.
  • the resolution can be respectively 15 points / mm and variable from 3 to 6 points / mm. This high resolution contributes to making the process according to the invention effective.
  • the image is triggered in response to a signal provided by a passage sensor disposed along the conveyor as is well known and the images are processed in real time.
  • the sensitivity of the CCD sensor causes noise in the image MNG and therefore requires for the detection of multichannel sending a suitable processing which is detailed below.
  • a high-resolution MNG image of the underside of a transmission detected by the sensor for example an image having a size of 240 pixels by 800 pixels.
  • a two-phase treatment is carried out.
  • the first phase of processing consists in launching a set of processes in parallel to detect by global or local approaches the presence of a dark zone between two clear zones characterizing the presence of two or more multicoptions.
  • a first process consists in automatically searching at step 32 for a threshold adapted to binarize the image MNG from the histogram of the image MNG.
  • the threshold binarization is a global approach to image processing MNG which is perfectly suited to noisy images. For example, a valley is traditionally searched between two maxima in the histogram to determine the value of the threshold.
  • the image MNG is binarized to obtain an image binary (represented in FIG. 3) in which two types of distinct zones appear: dark areas ZS and light areas ZC, a light area ZC delimiting the bottom side of at least one item 1, a dark area ZS delimiting the free space around this side of the shipment.
  • the pixels of a dark area ZS of the binary image are black and the pixels of a bright area ZC of the binary image are white.
  • FIG. 3 shows the binary image, obtained in step 33, delimited by dots and illustrating the underside of two postal items 1 oriented in the conveying direction 3.
  • the two overlapping items are engaged double and are separated by a visible space thanks to the high resolution that we seek to detect in the following process.
  • the pixel line image is scanned at pixel line by pixel line (the pixel lines of the binary image being oriented perpendicular to the conveying direction 3). It is considered a pixel line index and j is a pixel column index thereafter.
  • Each line is scanned to count the number of transitions from a dark area ZS to a light area ZC, called transition ZS-ZC.
  • a calculation representative of the average number of transitions ZS-ZC per line for the binary image is performed so as to obtain a result S1 which can be defined from the following relation:
  • S ⁇ 1 ⁇ lines number of transitions per line total number of lines - 1
  • ZS-ZC-ZS-ZC we can deduce the presence of two double-ended shipments if S1 is close to 1. If S1 is close to 0, we can deduce the presence of a single shipment. For a simple decision consisting of an alternation of a dark zone, a light zone and a dark zone (ZS-ZC-ZS), only a ZS-ZC transition will be counted during the scanning of a line. Similarly, for a double plug characterized by alternating ZS-ZC-ZS-ZC-ZS, there will be only two transitions ZS-ZC. Therefore, ZS-ZC-ZS-ZC is the minimum requirement for the detection of two double-ended shipments with a space between shipments.
  • the detection of the presence of multiple-taped items is performed only on the basis of the result S1, which has the advantage of being fast and perfectly adapted to the real-time processing of the items. Postal.
  • the second process consists in filtering (step 35) the image MNG formed in step 31 by a high-pass filter, which constitutes a local approach to the processing of the image MNG.
  • a high-pass filter which constitutes a local approach to the processing of the image MNG.
  • gradient filtering emphasizes transitions between highly contrasted areas. After filtering, only the dark to light transitions are retained because the light to dark transitions give negative values and are therefore eliminated by the Max operator. Such filtering has the advantage of being able to detect multiple items in multiple connections.
  • the filtering step 35 is followed by a threshold search step 36 from the histogram of the filtered image, a step 37 of binarization of the filtered image from the threshold obtained in step 36 and a step 38 of calculating the average number of transitions per line to obtain a result S2.
  • the processes performed in steps 36 to 38 of the second process are identical to steps 32 to 34 of the first process. However, in the second process, steps 36 to 38 are applied to the filtered image obtained in step 35. Therefore, the second process combines local and global approaches.
  • the MNG image is filtered by a linear combination of the gradient and the MNG image to be less sensitive to noise which smooths the image.
  • step 40 the filtered image is binarized in step 39 by means of a preset threshold.
  • step 41 the average number S3 of transitions per line in the binary image is calculated as previously described for S1 and S2.
  • the fourth process consists in cutting (step 42) the image MNG in the direction perpendicular to the conveying direction 3 so as to obtain MNG image bands of fixed size equal to eight lines for example.
  • step 43 for each band, a projection is carried out according to the conveying direction 3, that is to say that the average of the gray levels of the pixels per column of the image MNG is calculated so that the lines of a band are all the same after projection.
  • the MNG image is smoothed which renders the method of detection of multi-taps less susceptible to noise.
  • step 44 one searches for a line of each band (all the lines are identical) the number of maxima in terms of gray levels.
  • the search for maxima can first consist in a search for local maxima and minima, then if the local maxima or minima are not very different or too close then we reject them, until finding a minima located between two maxima for the detection of a double socket.
  • the results S1, S2, S3 and S4 are combined at step 46, for example by averaging the results S1, S2, S3 and S4 to obtain a final result S.
  • Other types combinations are possible without departing from the scope of the invention: linear combination, maximum, minimum, integral fuzzy.
  • the choice of the operator aggregation allows the combination to be steered to more or less harden the decision of multiple tap detection. These operators can be generalized by more complex operators such as a knowledge-based expert system or a network of neurons. This combination of results S1 to S4 helps to improve the rate of detections of multi-taps and reduces detections wrongly.
  • step 47 the final result S is compared with a predefined threshold ⁇ , for example equal to 0.15. If the final result S is greater than the threshold, it is possible to deduce the presence of multiple-taped items at 48. If the final result S is less than the threshold, according to the invention, the second phase of the processing which begins at the end of the invention is continued. Step 49.
  • the threshold ⁇ is chosen to obtain a good compromise between the false sorting directions and the single-entry messages wrongly detected as a multiple take.
  • the second phase of the processing is normally activated after the first phase of detection of the transitions, but it is understood that this second phase could be implemented separately from the first phase.
  • step 49 the binary image obtained from the histogram is retrieved in step 33, and the profiles of a boundary extending between two dark zones ZS are extracted from the binary image as is described below.
  • the left profile of the transmission is defined as the first pixel of a clear zone ZC when one traverses each line of the binary image Ibin from left to right.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example of a binary image obtained in step 34 and for which the four preceding methods do not make it possible to detect a space between two light zones ZC.
  • the left profile of the binary image shown in FIG. 4 is illustrated in FIG.
  • step 50 the discontinuities of each of the left and right profiles are detected by means of the following finite difference:
  • a discontinuity higher than a threshold value for one of the profiles is noted then we deduce the presence of multiple-taped shipments in step 51. Otherwise, we deduce the presence of a sending In the example of FIGS. 5 and 6, two discontinuities 10 of profile are shown.
  • the threshold value for the detection of a discontinuity can be set at 3 pixels.
  • the description of the above embodiment is in no way limiting of the invention.
  • the border extending between two dark zones ZS can be defined by a light zone which is not continuous.
  • steps 49 to 52 of the method may be applied to overlapping postal items that are separated by a space.
  • steps 49 to 52 makes a method for detecting multicast shipments more robust by analyzing images of the items seen from below.
  • the combination of the two detection phases makes it possible to adapt to different situations of shipments such as curved, damaged or open folds.
  • the detection method according to the invention can be continued by measuring the thickness of each detected shipment as a single shipment at 52.
  • Ep (i) therefore indicates the thickness of the consignment at each point along the underside of the consignment. It is thus possible to calculate for a shipment, a maximum thickness, a minimum thickness, an average thickness and a standard deviation on the thickness.
  • step 52 for analyzing the state of the shipment by means of two complementary measurements.
  • the first measure we try to evaluate the regularity of the right and left profiles indicated above.
  • APg for the left profile
  • APd for the right profile.
  • a polygonal approximation is to approach the left and right profiles by right segments.
  • the second measure is to determine if a mail item is damaged. It consists in measuring, in the binary image, the proportion of connected components of dark zones ZS included in clear zones ZC.

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  • Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
  • Character Discrimination (AREA)
  • Image Analysis (AREA)
  • Devices For Checking Fares Or Tickets At Control Points (AREA)
  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)
EP06121014A 2005-09-28 2006-09-21 Verfahren zum Erkennen von Doppelabzügen von Postsendungen durch Bildanalyse der aufrechten Sendungen Not-in-force EP1770037B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0552919A FR2891168B1 (fr) 2005-09-28 2005-09-28 Procede pour detecter des envois postaux en prises multiples par analyse de l'image du chant des envois

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1770037A1 true EP1770037A1 (de) 2007-04-04
EP1770037B1 EP1770037B1 (de) 2008-08-27

Family

ID=36218532

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06121014A Not-in-force EP1770037B1 (de) 2005-09-28 2006-09-21 Verfahren zum Erkennen von Doppelabzügen von Postsendungen durch Bildanalyse der aufrechten Sendungen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7835540B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1770037B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE406333T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006002463D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2309912T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2891168B1 (de)
PT (1) PT1770037E (de)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011007077A1 (fr) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 Solystic Dispositif de dépilage d'objets plats avec détection de la trace des objets dépilés

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GB0418040D0 (en) * 2004-08-12 2004-09-15 Wessex Technology Opto Electro Improvements in double feed mail detection
FR2944718B1 (fr) * 2009-04-28 2011-04-01 Solystic Procede pour detecter des envois postaux ouverts tels que magazines sans enveloppe.
CN102459592B (zh) 2009-06-15 2017-04-05 考利达基因组股份有限公司 用于长片段阅读测序的方法和组合物
US8631922B2 (en) * 2010-02-09 2014-01-21 Sick, Inc. System, apparatus, and method for object edge detection
DE102010014105A1 (de) 2010-04-07 2011-10-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Vermessen von Gegenständen während des Transports
FR2986447B1 (fr) * 2012-02-02 2019-04-12 Solystic Machine de tri d'objets plats sur chant avec detection de prise multiple
FR3037261B1 (fr) * 2015-06-11 2021-02-26 Solystic Dispositif de depilage avec systeme de vision
US12277793B2 (en) 2016-04-28 2025-04-15 Tritek Technologies, Inc. Mail processing system with a mail hazard screening machine
WO2017190019A1 (en) 2016-04-28 2017-11-02 Tritek Technologies, Inc. Mail processing system and method with increased processing speed

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003047773A2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multiples detect apparatus and method
FR2841487A1 (fr) * 2002-06-26 2004-01-02 Solystic Procede de detection de plis simples et de plis en prise multiple dans une installation de tri postal

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2361969A1 (en) * 2001-11-14 2003-05-14 Omron Canada Inc. A method and system for double feed detection in a letter sorting apparatus

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003047773A2 (en) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multiples detect apparatus and method
FR2841487A1 (fr) * 2002-06-26 2004-01-02 Solystic Procede de detection de plis simples et de plis en prise multiple dans une installation de tri postal

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011007077A1 (fr) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-20 Solystic Dispositif de dépilage d'objets plats avec détection de la trace des objets dépilés
FR2948109A1 (fr) * 2009-07-16 2011-01-21 Solystic Dispositif de depilage d'objets plats avec detection de la trace des objets depiles
US8764009B2 (en) 2009-07-16 2014-07-01 Solystic Unstacker device for unstacking flat articles, with detection of their traces

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2309912T3 (es) 2008-12-16
EP1770037B1 (de) 2008-08-27
FR2891168A1 (fr) 2007-03-30
ATE406333T1 (de) 2008-09-15
DE602006002463D1 (de) 2008-10-09
PT1770037E (pt) 2008-11-14
US20070071284A1 (en) 2007-03-29
US7835540B2 (en) 2010-11-16
FR2891168B1 (fr) 2007-10-19

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