Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
  • F23B1/02—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel for indirect heating of a medium in a vessel, e.g. for boiling water
  • F23B1/08—Internal furnaces, i.e. with furnaces inside the vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
  • F23B1/02—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel for indirect heating of a medium in a vessel, e.g. for boiling water
  • F23B1/12—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel for indirect heating of a medium in a vessel, e.g. for boiling water with a plurality of combustion chambers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
  • F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
  • F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
  • F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
  • F23J1/06—Mechanically-operated devices, e.g. clinker pushers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
  • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
  • F24H1/46—Water heaters having plural combustion chambers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
  • F23K2201/00—Pretreatment of solid fuel
  • F23K2201/50—Blending
  • F23K2201/505—Blending with additives

Definitions

• Liquid and gaseous fuels are generally burnt with high efficiency thanks to their homogeneity.
• solid fuels particularly of coal with highly volatile material
• the burning efficiency falls significantly because of smoke formation, and the loss of energy can reach to large amounts.
• liquid fuels, particularly natural gas are becoming increasingly more widespread today, coal is widely used in both thermal electric power plants and for natural heating in coal-reserve rich countries today.
• coal is burnt with relatively higher burning efficiency in industrial boilers through special burners after it is pulverized and fragmented coal is burnt in big capacity boilers used in central heating, either in liquidized bed systems or mechanically loaded stokers.
• big capacity boilers used in central heating, either in liquidized bed systems or mechanically loaded stokers.
• hand loaded hot water and steam boilers generally used in heating, coal is burnt with very low efficiency on the grate, and smoke and polluting emulsions resulting from incomplete combustion lead to air pollution.
• the fully automated double-fuelled smokeless and tubeless boiler with special design and continuous coal feed, specially improved dry desulphurisation system, and two combustion chambers that is subject of the present invention designed to be used instead of the existing solid oil boilers and taking into consideration the fact that the use of natural gas is spreading is a new type special tubeless design double-fuelled boiler, which burns coal with fully automated feeding, smokeless and with a great efficiency, which can reduce sulphur dioxide emission thanks to its dry desulphurisation system, and which can also burn liquid fuel or natural gas with high efficiency in a second combustion chamber without any need for any modifications.
• Butane C 4 H 2 O + 13/2 O 2 4 CO 2 + 5 H 2 O 11 840 kcal/kg
• a burning system providing these conditions during the combustion of liquid in solid, liquid, or gas states ensures complete combustion and also smoke-free combustion, since smoke is a product of incomplete combustion.
• Coal is a solid fossil fuel consisting of various combustible materials, humidity, and incombustible mineral substances. During the combustion of coal, combustible substances including fixed carbon and volatile substances burn and minerals are left as residues in the form of ash.
• Coals are generally classified according to fixed carbon, volatile substances, humidity, and ash ratios they contain. Based on this principle, there are three groups of coals termed respectively as “anthracite,” that is coal with a very low ratio of volatile substance; “bituminous,” that is cola with medium level volatile material; and “lignite,” that is coal with a high level of volatile substances.
• anthracite that is coal with a very low ratio of volatile substance
• bituminous that is cola with medium level volatile material
• lignite that is coal with a high level of volatile substances.
• the coal consisting of fixed carbon remaining after these volatile substances are completely distilled is called “coke”.
• This black smoke consisting of particles also leads to a significant energy loss both because of the unburned fuel, which are carbon particles, and the energy these particles carry from the combustion system as they are heated. If the distribution of heat is not homogeneous within the combustion chamber, both grey (brown) and black smoke can form at different places in the combustion chambers.
• liquid and gas fuels are more homogeneous and thus easier to burn completely, and since liquid and gas burners are designed to enable higher combustion efficiency and equipped with automated control systems, in practice smoke-free combustion is easily achieved in liquid and gas boilers with appropriately designed combustion chambers.
• CO carbon monoxide
• the sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emission produced by the burning of sulphur contained in the body of fuel is not a product of incomplete combustion but a product of burning produced by the burning of sulphur. Therefore, since it is not possible do directly reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide through efficient burning; the reduction of the sulphur dioxide emission is only possible via the dry desulphurisation system provided by the addition of lime or similar chemical substances in the combustion chamber, or via the wet desulphurisation system applied on flue gases.
• Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) emission emanating from fuel can be reduced by improving the fuel via certain physical or chemical processes to reduce sulphur contents or with the methods known as dry or wet desulphurisation, rather than the combustion system itself.
• the addition of systems based on these systems to the combustion systems or designing them with the combustions system are possible.
• the redox equations for sulphur or sulphur dioxide in the fuel body with the desulphurisation process are below: S + O 2 -> SO 2
• the smoke (particles and unburned hydrocarbons), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitroxides (NOx) emanating from the combustion system can be reduced with an appropriate burning system and combustion chamber design.
• the existing hot water and steam boilers used in heating and industrial steam production today can be classified into two groups in terms of their manufacture and construction specifications, namely welded steel boilers and sectional cast iron boilers. In terms of their capacity to fire solid, liquid, and gas fuels, the boilers in these two groups can be outlined as follows.
• the boilers in this group can be used in both house/apartment type domestic heating and for industrial purposes. Based on their constructional specifications, these boilers can be classified in two main groups. a) Water-tube boilers b) Gas-Fire tube boilers
• Water-tube boilers are mainly used in high capacity central heating installations or for industrial purposes. These boilers can burn solid fuels when mechanical coal burners (stokers) are installed in the front instead of liquid or gas burners.
• Gas-fire tube boilers are used in smaller capacity central heating installations and small capacity industrial steam production. This type of boiler can be classified into three separate groups with regards to their constructional specifications and designs.
• Cylindrical counter-pressure (Reverse Flow) Radiation Boilers Semi-cylindrical boilers (DANSK type) are basically designed to burn solid oil and widely used in Turkey. This type of boiler can be used with liquid fuels if boiler grates are made disabled. Cylindrical Three Pass Boilers (SCOTCH type) are mainly designed to burn liquid and gas fuels. Since laying grates in these boilers to modify them into solid-fuel boilers is not productive, they can burn solid fuels only when mechanically loaded coal burners (stoker) or front fireboxes are installed.
• Cylindrical counter pressure (Reverse Flow) radiation boilers are small capacity boilers designed solely to burn liquid and gas fuels to be used in apartment-type domestic heating. Since a mainly radiation based heat transfer is provided with reverse flow in the small combustion chamber, it is impossible to burn solid fuels in these type of boilers by laying grates.
• Sectional Cast Iron Boilers These are also small capacity boilers designed to burn liquid and gas fuels. Some sectional cast iron boilers can burn solid fuels such as coke and briquette. There two types of boilers that burn gas fuels, namely atmospheric burners and blow burners. 3.1. Firiag and Smoke Formation in Solid Fuel Boilers
• coal In high-capacity type solid fuel boilers used in central heating and industry, the coal is burnt via mechanically loaded coal burners (stokers) or in liquidized bed firing systems.
• the combustion system widely used in apartment type semi-cylindrical boilers is only a hand- stoked, straight grate firebox.
• the fuel is burnt on the straight grate laid under the combustion space.
• the coal is loaded onto the grate with a shovel through the opened firing door in the front and the ashes falling on the ash box underneath the grate are removed with a rake, opening the ash door.
• Large pieces of clinker remaining on the grate are removed through the firing door by stoking or with a rake.
• On top of the ash door there are primary air holes entering from under the grate, enabling burning, and on the upper side on top of the firing door through which the coal is loaded, there are secondary air holes.
• the coal is loaded by heaping it on the left and right sides of the grate rather than its whole surface.
• the aim is to heat up the fresh coal gradually more as compared to the spill combustion method and burn the emitted gases while the coked coal is burning on the other side.
• gases are emitted over a longer period of time, because the emitted gases are oriented to the back of the combustion space along with the hot gases emitted from the coke fire and because they get into contact with the cold surfaces, again most of the gases leave the system in the from of grey smoke.
• the grey smoke emitted in this method is less dense as compared to that emitted during the spill combustion method, it covers a longer period.
• the combustion system of the sectional cast iron boilers designed to burn solid fuels basically consists of a hand stoked firebox, too, and primary air enters to the system from under the grates and secondary air enters through the holes above the firing door in the front of the firebox.
• Sectional cast iron boilers are designed to burn degassed coals such as coke and briquette, the coal in these systems is burnt on a thick combustion bed in the small grate area.
• the function of firing system is accomplished by the fully automated liquid and gas fuel burners placed in the front of the boiler.
• the burner is activated at a temperature set by the thermostat triggered by the boiler outlet water temperature and automatically deactivated when a certain temperature is reached. Thanks to this automatic deactivation feature of the burner, other control systems providing control depending on the outer weather temperature can also be applied easily to these boilers.
• liquid fuel boilers fuel-oil known as the central heating fuel is widely used.
• the liquid fuel burner is able to spray the fuel-oil, which is a homogeneous fuel, into the combustion chamber of the boiler with the firing air with turbulence and when the boiler combustion chamber design fits the spraying angle of the burner and its firing capacity, the conditions of complete combustion are achieved and smoke formation is prevented.
• the burning efficiency can be increased by adjusting the air-fuel mixture in the burner, and the adjustment of the burner nozzle enables operation at a desired capacity within the capacity limits.
• complete combustion is not achieved and smoke can form and leave through the flue in the form of soot and unburned hydrocarbons.
• Natural gas is widely used as fuel in gas fuelled boilers.
• gas fuel burners There are two types of gas fuel burners namely pressure jet burners and atmospheric burners. Atmospheric burners can only be used in specially designed boilers for atmospheric burners.
• pressure jet burners can be applied on cylindrical three pass boilers, cylindrical counter pressure radiation boilers, and three pass sectional cast iron boilers.
• cylindrical three pass steel boilers and iron cast three pass boilers the air-gas mixture delivered to the combustion chamber by the burner completes burning in the cylindrical combustion chamber and hot gases produced by burning pass through the second and third transition pipes or channels to leave the boiler and reach the flue.
• the heat transfer in cylindrical three pass boilers is provided by radiation in the combustion chamber and by convection and conduction in the second and third transition pipes.
• this type of boilers it is possible to clean the pipes with a wire brush opening the front fume cupboard doors in case soot and creosote that can be produced as a result of incomplete combustion due to a malfunction of burner air setting because of incorrect operation or other reasons.
• This type of cylindrical boilers is also not possible to be converted into solid fuel boilers by laying grates inside.
• the system can be converted to be a coal fuel one by replacing this boiler with a semi cylindrical one. d) Sectional Cast Boilers
• the present invention is a new type of boiler designed by the further improvement of the patent of the present inventor with reference number 27751 and titled, "High Efficiency Smoke Free and Enhanced Special Design Double Fuelled Boiler with Two Combustion Chambers” upon a comprehensive literature research on combustion, combustion characteristics of fuels, combustion systems, heat transfer, and boilers; designed particularly to be able to burn solid fuels and liquid fuels or natural gas at the same moment with a high efficiency, having a construction that is radically different from the existing boilers with its fully automated grate system driven by engine with reducer that enables continuous coal feed and clinker flow, with its automated lime-fed dry desulphurisation system adjustable according to sulphur content ratio in coal, and with its special combustion chamber to burn liquid and gas fuels independent from the solid fuel burning chamber and, further, which does not require any modifications to be converted from being a solid fuel boiler to
• the novel boiler that is subject of the new invention consists of three main sections namely the solid fuel combustion section consisting of the coal feeding auger enabling continuous coal feed (1), the passing nozzle transferring coal to the boiler from the coal feeding auger (2), the lime feeding auger (3) providing lime feed to the dry desulphurisation system parallel to coal feeding, main air entrance flap (14), coal type setting flap (15), forced air blow fan (16), ground lime bowl (4) for storing the ground lime fed, specially designed, water walled fresh coal bowl for storing coal fed by the coal feeding auger (5), coal distillation canal (6), combustion chamber (7), ash box (8), clinker flow canal (9), clinker bed (10), ash box-clinker box middle compartment (11), flame passing canal (12), and the ash-clinker auger enabling full automatic removal of ash and clinker as is the case with coal feeding (13); the liquid - gas fuel combustion section consisting of the burner (17) connected to the boiler with the burner connection cover on the left and right sides of the
• the combustion air of the boiler that is subject of the present invention enters through the main air entrance flap (14), which can automatically open and close depending on the boiler temperature thanks to a mechanical thermostat (23).
• the boiler Ca 1 I also be provided air via a forced air blow fan (16) mounted on the upper side of the main air flap to be -used in situations where flue draught is insufficient or when a rapid increase of combustion capacity is desired. All kinds of coals with different ratios of volatile materials can be burnt in the novel boiler by adjusting the coal type setting flap (15) on the secondary air canal (24).
• this flap When coals with a high level of volatile materials are used, this flap is opened fully to enable the burning of all gases with maximum secondary air and with coals with low volatile materials; this flap is closed to prevent unnecessary excess air inflow to the combustion chamber.
• the part constituting the main air flap and the secondary air canal is designed to enable front assembly and dismounting on the specially designed boiler.
• the air delivered to the combustion unit with the forced air blow fan can also be adjusted automatically via a thermostat, which triggers the forced air blow fan, controlled by the boiler water temperature.
• a secondary air canal made from thin sheet iron, in which the secondary air flows is constituted.
• the lower side of the bowl has a special design and an inclination that enables the flow of the coal due to its own weight and the second part of the secondary air canal (25), which heats the air coming from the secondary air canal from top, around the coal loading nozzle or, in domestic type low capacity boilers, around the coal loading door is above the bowl.
• the special movement grate system (32) with step design that is capable of moving forward and backward on the roller gears (31) mounted on the side walls of the combustion chamber via the connection rods (30) connected to the eccentric shaft (29) actuated by the drive of the motor (28) with external reducer located under the solid fuel combustion space of the new boiler as shown in the figure
• the automatic and continuous dropping of the ashes in the combustion chamber to the ash bowl and of the big clinker pieces to the clinker bed through the clinker canal is made possible with the motor with reducer, which is automatically activated as required.
• the bowl is fed with coal through the coal feeding auger, which is activated automatically as a result of this movement, and the coal in the bowl automatically progresses towards the distillation canal below.
• At the upper rear part of the clinker canal at the end of the combustion chamber there are clinker cutter blades (33) that cut the hard clinker pieces to ensure that clinker falls down without turning into blocks as shown in the figure.
• the water jacketed middle compartment (34) On the upper side of the clinker canal, between the clinker canal and the flame passing canal there is the water jacketed middle compartment (34) shaped with its special radius design as shown in the figure and the middle compartment is divided into two to form the upper compartment with radius (35) that constitutes the rear wall of the infernal as it is oriented upwards and the lower compartment with radius (36) which constitutes the rear side of the clinker bed as it is oriented downwards as shown in the figure.
• the ash bowl door (37) used to take out the ashes falling from the grates and accumulating in the ash bowl
• the clinker bed door (38) used to take out the big clinker pieces falling from the clinker canal to the clinker bed
• the door of the creosote bowl (39) in which creosote and flying ashes descending through the second and the third passing canals accumulate.
• Coal distilled through gradual preheating can be burnt completely with its revealed combustible gases and the coked fixed carbon part smoke freely in the complete combustion conditions in the combustion chamber.
• the ash and clinker in the in the ash bowl and clinker bed slide towards the ash-clinker auger and taken out with the automatically operating ash-clinker auger.
• coal is fed via the fully automated mechanism that ensures a stabilized flow, ashes and clinker remaining after combustion leave the combustion space automatically thanks to this mechanism, which provide a stabile and uninterrupted burning.
• the dry desulphurisation system reduces the sulphur dioxide emission that can form with the desulphurisation of the sulphur contained in the body of the coal to a minimum thanks to the ground lime flow rate that can be adjusted according to the sulphur contents of the coal based on the type of the coal.
• an ash-creosote box (43) serving as cyclone, in which flying ashes and creosote accumulate.
• special turbulators (44) made from stainless steel designed in the form of wings in between the water jacketed vertical compartment and the vertical and water jacketed rear wall of the boiler. Gases produced by the combustion leave the boiler passing out through the boiler flue canal (45) when they complete the third vertical passing.
• installation return water enters the boiler through the return water flange (46) on the upper side of the solid fuel and liquid fuel/natural gas combustion chambers on the front side of the boiler, and therefore, mixes with the hot water elevating from the return water combustion chamber, which also prevents condensation on the surfaces of the boiler.
• the boiler water exits through the exit water flange (47) on the upper side of the third vertical passing section at the back side of the boiler.
• Fresh coal loaded into the bowl of the solid fuel combustion space with the coal loading auger or, in domestic type low capacity boilers, fresh coal filled in the bowl by opening the coal loading door firstly gets into contact with the hot coal in the entrance of the distillation canal and starts heating slowly.
• the coal in the distillation canal heats up as it takes a certain amount of the heat formed in the combustion space via radiation and conduction.
• the coal in the combustion space burns up, the coal in the distillation canal moves towards the combustion space and the coal in the bowl slowly slide downwards due to its own weight and enters the distillation canal.
• the lime feeding auger of the special desulphurisation system parallel to the coal feeding auger, the lime bowl is automatically fed with ground lime.
• the ground lime adjusted according to the sulphur content ratio of the coal approaches the combustion chamber parallel to the flow of the coal downwards.
• the coal in the distillation canal goes through a gradual distillation as it approaches down towards the combustion chamber, and the volatile matters contained in the coal is emitted in a stabilized way.
• Combustible gases which are emitted in a controlled way and which have a higher ignition temperature (600-700° C) as compared to the normal ignition temperature of coal, enter the hottest area of the system on the combustion bed in the combustion space with flue draught and they are burnt after mixing in high turbulence due to the high temperature with the sufficient amount of air heated considerably and coming through the secondary air canals.
• the sulphur contained by the coal chemically reacts with the ground lime transferred into the combustion chamber with the special dry desulphurisation system and turns to calcium sulphate and the formation of sulphur dioxide is prevented again in the combustion chamber.
• the combustion chamber while the part of the ashes and clinker remaining from the combustion that can fall through the grate openings accumulate in the ash bowl, the parts remaining on the grates slide towards the clinker canal at the back of the combustion chamber.
• this completely burnt ash and clinker are bolted by the front-backwards movement of the special stepped movable grate automatically driven by the motor with reducer and the clinkers remaining on the grates are broken by breaking blades and driven to the clinker canal on the last stair of the grate.
• Clinkers completely cooling on the clinker canal on the last stair of the movable grate slide with the next grate movement and fall into the grate bowl.
• the coal fed into the bowl is loaded into the specially designed combustion chamber with a fully automated mechanism, it is distilled in a controlled way via preheating method and burnt with its solid and gas parts under complete combustion conditions with a high efficiency and the losses are reduced to a minimum with a stabile combustion process that is not interrupted even when fresh coal is loaded or ash and creosote is being removed and the maximum combustion productivity that can be reached with solid fuels is achieved.
• the coal type setting flap in the front is adjusted to ensure the burning of all different types of coals with high efficiency.
• the flap is set to the fully opened position; it is set to the half open position for coals with medium level of volatile materials, to a quarter open position for coals with low level of volatile materials, and the flap is closed when coals with a very low volatile matter ratio such as coke and the like are being burnt.
• the ash in the ash bowl is removed by opening the ash door and the clinker is removed by opening the clinker bed door in the back.
• liquid fuel or natural gas can be burnt in the liquid-gas combustion part of the boiler without making any modifications in the solid fuel combustion unit of the new boiler, by only closing the main air intake flap and the flap of the forced air blow fan. Before taking the boiler into operation with liquid fuel or gas fuel, it should be ensured that the bowl doors and the firing doors of the solid fuel combustion unit as well as the ash and clinker doors are closed.
• the boiler By activating the liquid or gas fuel burner connected to the burner connection cover, the boiler can start operation with liquid or gas fuel immediately. However, naturally it is not possible to operate the boiler with both liquid and gas fuel at the same time.
• the boiler runs on liquid gas if a liquid burner and installation are connected to the boiler and it runs on natural gas if a gas burner and installation are connected to it.
• the air-fuel mixture delivered to the entrance of the cylindrical combustion chamber by the liquid fuel or natural gas burner enters the cylindrical combustion chamber designed in line with the spraying angle and capacity of the burner.
• the air-fuel mixture that has started burning hits the rear wall of the special cylindrical combustion chamber and returns with a circular movement enabling sufficient time for complete combustion and thanks to the turbulence created by the collision of two flows in reverse directions, the fuel is completely combusted.
• the double-passing in the special cylindrical combustion which has the characteristic of a reverse flow furnace in the new boiler, is considered a total of 5 cases passing take place including the first, the second, and the third vertical passing.
• the heating efficiency in the new boiler can reach to a very high level thanks to the two-pass and mainly radiation based heat transfer in the combustion chamber as well as the convection and conduction based heat transfer in the three tubeless vertical pass sections in the last part, where a special stainless steel turbulator is placed.
• This five-pass construction with special cylindrical combustion chamber which is different from the existing counter pressure (reverse flow) radiation boilers, does not require the cleaning of the surfaces in vertical passes from ashes and creosote, which increases the productivity of the new boiler even further as compared to the existing boilers. It is known that in particularly the existing counter pressure radiation boilers, to which natural gas installation is connected, it is impossible to open the front cover, to which the burner is connected, to clean the pipes under operation conditions, which leads to a drop in the heat transfer rate resulting from the possible accumulation of soot and creosote on the pipes due to incomplete combustion that can take place due to a deterioration of the burner settings or another reason, all of which lead to the operation of the boiler with low efficiency for a long time.
• the solid fuel combustion part of the boiler which is completely independent from the liquid-gas combustion chamber of the boiler, is filled with coal via the coal feeding auger, or if small type boilers are in question, coal is loaded completely by opening the bowl cover, after which the liquid fuel or natural gas burner is activated for a short time, or if the burner is not connected, through the firing door, the coal in the combustion chamber is ignited from the top to immediately operate the boiler with solid fuel.
• liquid fuel/natural gas burner is deactivated and burner air intake is set to the closed position.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
• Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

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• 2004
  • 2004-06-30 TR TR2004/01596A patent/TR200401596A2/xx unknown
• 2005
  • 2005-06-30 WO PCT/TR2005/000029 patent/WO2006004563A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2005-06-30 CN CNA2005800252213A patent/CN101002055A/zh active Pending
  • 2005-06-30 EA EA200700197A patent/EA009160B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-06-30 EP EP05776149.6A patent/EP1815184B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2005-06-30 AT AT05776149T patent/ATE425417T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-06-30 DE DE602005013273T patent/DE602005013273D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related

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