EP1839277A1 - Procede de controle d'identite de marchandises - Google Patents

Procede de controle d'identite de marchandises

Info

Publication number
EP1839277A1
EP1839277A1 EP05850046A EP05850046A EP1839277A1 EP 1839277 A1 EP1839277 A1 EP 1839277A1 EP 05850046 A EP05850046 A EP 05850046A EP 05850046 A EP05850046 A EP 05850046A EP 1839277 A1 EP1839277 A1 EP 1839277A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pattern
function
goods
marking
analysis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP05850046A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Rüdiger Sens
Erwin Thiel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP1839277A1 publication Critical patent/EP1839277A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/004—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using digital security elements, e.g. information coded on a magnetic thread or strip

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for checking the authenticity of goods
  • Trademark piracy is the illegal use of signs, names, logos (trademarks) and trade names used by brand manufacturers to label their products in the marketplace.
  • Product piracy is the prohibited copying and duplication of goods for which the legitimate manufacturers have patent rights, design rights or copyrights.
  • the brand and product pirate inherits the technical knowledge that a company has acquired through years of hard work and enormous financial resources in order to use it for its products. He uses the awareness of a brand that a brand manufacturer has acquired because of its quality products in order to deceive the consumer about the actual origin of the product and quality.
  • Remedy can create so-called anti-counterfeiting technologies that allow authentication of goods. These must meet a range of requirements for anti-counterfeiting, durability, resilience, cost effectiveness, compatibility with distribution and consumer convenience.
  • Existing technologies for marking and authentication are, on the one hand, so-called “open technologies”, ie technologies that work with visible marks for authenticity testing, and on the other hand “hidden technologies”, ie those that work with invisible markings.
  • open technologies B04 / 0145PC IB / XS / cd are the "Optical Variable Ink” (OVI), a printing ink that changes color depending on the angle of view, guilloche printing, intaglio printing, profile printing, holograms and watermarks.
  • covert technologies are fluorescent colors that react to friction "Coin reactive ink", thermoactive colors, biologically, chemically or spectroscopically detectable elements, "taggants”, microtext, raster text and digital watermarks, as well as machine-readable technologies such as chips that send data via radio waves and magnetic systems.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for checking the authenticity of goods.
  • the object of the invention is in particular to provide such a method which is tamper-proof, durable, cost-effective and consumer-friendly.
  • the task is solved by a procedure for the authenticity check of goods comprehensively the marking and identification of the goods, with which one
  • (ii) detects in an identification step the transmission, reflection or scattering of analysis radiation through the surface of the product as a function of the spatial coordinates (x, y) and the wavelength ⁇ of the analysis radiation and thus determines a response function A (x, y, X) which the intensity of the transmitted, reflected or scattered analysis radiation as a function of the location coordinates (x, y) and the wavelength ⁇ , and by correlation analysis the correlation of the response function A (x, y, ⁇ ) with the known pattern function M (x, y) determined, wherein the label is detectable by the correlation.
  • a marking in the form of a pattern is applied to the surface of the goods.
  • the marking consists in a pattern-like change of the physically measurable surface properties of the goods, which is imperceptible to the naked eye. This can be done in the way that you have to exposing the marking surface of goods to any external action capable of altering their physically measurable properties, the external action following a pattern.
  • the external influence is referred to below as environmental influence.
  • External influences include the action of light or, more generally, of radiation, of mechanical forces, of chemicals, of gases, of microorganisms, of radioactive radiation, of sound (for example ultrasound) or of heat onto the surface.
  • the environmental influence can be exerted, for example, by irradiation or by applying chemicals to the goods surface, where by "chemicals" is meant all substances or substance mixtures which can react with the surface or with its ingredients.
  • Physically measurable in the sense of the present invention are the properties of the surface, if they can be detected via the interaction with an irradiation irradiated to the surface.
  • Analysis radiation can be any radiation that interacts with the surface and can be transmitted, reflected or scattered by it. Examples are electromagnetic radiation, particle radiation (neutrons, radioactive alpha or beta radiation) or acoustic radiation (for example ultrasound).
  • the environmental influence which is suitable for changing the physically measurable properties of the surface, acts on the surface with a specific, known, location-dependent intensity distribution I (x, y).
  • I (x, y) a specific, known, location-dependent intensity distribution
  • the effect of the environmental influence on the surface is not homogeneous but has an intensity pattern.
  • This intensity pattern may be a simple geometric pattern, such as a striped pattern or a checkerboard pattern.
  • the intensity pattern can also be completely irregular.
  • the intensity pattern may correspond to a trademark.
  • the intensity must be equated with the radiation intensity, which is measured in W / cm 2 . If the acting environmental influence is the effect of mechanical forces, which is caused, for example, by exposing a substrate surface to a sandblast, the intensity of this environmental influence can be equated with the number of sand particles striking the substrate surface per unit of time and area. If the environmental impact is the effect of chemicals or gases, the Inten It can be equated with the concentration of a specific substance at the site of the substrate surface.
  • the pattern is preferably produced by allowing the environmental influence to act on the surface by means of one or more masks which have a specific location-dependent transmission function T (x, y) (transmission pattern), and thus a location-dependent intensity distribution I (corresponding to the position-dependent transmission function).
  • T (x, y) transmission pattern
  • I location-dependent intensity distribution
  • x, y) of the environmental influence which generates the pattern as an image of the mask on the surface of the product.
  • the pattern function M (x, y) underlying the pattern corresponds to the transmission function T (x, y) of the mask.
  • the transmission function T (x, y) describes the location-dependent permeability of the mask for the environmental influence.
  • the mask may for example consist of a substantially transparent to the light film containing a pattern printed, the printed areas for light of a certain wavelength or a specific wavelength range have a lower transmission or are substantially non-transparent , This film can be applied to the surface to produce the corresponding intensity pattern when irradiated on the surface.
  • the acting environmental influence is the mechanical effect on the surface caused by a sandblast
  • the mask can be a template which has recesses through which the sandblast can act on the surface, but which otherwise covers the surface and before the action protected by the sandblast.
  • the mask may also be a template with recesses.
  • the formulations containing them may be streaked onto the template. The areas of the surface covered by the stencil are then protected from the action of the formulations while the surface in the recesses of the stencil comes into contact with the formulation.
  • the intensity distribution I (x, y) can be generated as a diffraction pattern on the surface.
  • the marking is printed on the surface of the product by conventional printing methods such as high-pressure, intaglio, offset printing and ink-jet printing. This printing inks are used with minimal colorant content, which results in markings that are imperceptible to the eye. Preference is given to pigmented printing inks with high lightfastness.
  • Suitable pigments are organic, for example, and inorganic pigments such as monoazo pigments, disazo pigments, anthanthrone pigments, anthraquinone nonpigmente, te anthrapyrimidine, quinacridone pigments, Chinophthalonpigmen-, dioxazine, flavanthrone, indanthrone, isoindoline, isoindolinone, isoviolanthrone, metal complex pigments, Perinonpig- elements, perylene pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, pyranthrone , Thioindigo pigments, triaryl carbonium pigments and inorganic white, black and colored pigments. It is also possible to use printing inks with soluble, lightfast dyes. Examples of these are soluble derivatives of phthalocyanine chromophore, preferably with metals such as copper, zinc or aluminum as the central atom.
  • the label is generated photochemically.
  • the surface is preferably irradiated with high-energy light, whereby photochemically induced local changes in the physically measurable properties in the surface.
  • the irradiation is preferably carried out by a mask containing the pattern, that is by a mask having a transmission function corresponding to the pattern function.
  • an identification step (ii) the transmission, reflection or scattering of analysis radiation through the surface of the product is detected as a function of the location coordinates (x, y) and optionally as a function of the wavelength ⁇ of the analysis radiation.
  • the analysis radiation can have a discrete wavelength, for example the wavelength of the CO band at 5.8 ⁇ m (corresponding to 1720 cm -1 ) or else comprise a wavelength range, for example the entire visible spectral range from 400 to 800 nm.
  • the transmission, reflection or scattering The analysis radiation through the surface is generally dependent on the wavelength of the analysis radiation, so that a response function A (x, y, ⁇ ) is obtained which determines the intensity of the transmitted, reflected or scattered analysis light as a function of the location coordinates (x, y, ⁇ ). y) and the wavelength ⁇ .
  • This response function can be used for discrete wavelengths ⁇ or for one or more wavelength ranges ⁇ (at For example, for the red, green and blue range of visible light).
  • the wavelength of the analysis radiation or its spectral composition depends on the type of marking. In general, it will be analytical light in the UV-VIS and / or NIR region of the spectrum. Thus, a marking with colorants will be analysis light in the UV-VIS range. If the marking consists of a pattern-shaped, light-induced aging of a plastic, which is reflected in the intensity of the CO band at 5.8 ⁇ m, the analysis radiation will comprise this wavelength.
  • the reflection of the analysis light is determined by the surface.
  • a telecentric measuring optics is preferably used.
  • the scattering of the analysis light through the surface is detected.
  • a confocal color measuring system is preferably used.
  • the reflection or scattering of the analysis radiation through the substrate surface as a function of the spatial coordinates (x, y) and the wavelength ⁇ can also be detected with a color scanner or a digital camera.
  • the detection of radioactive or acoustic radiation can take place with imaging methods known from medical diagnostics.
  • Thermal infrared radiation can be detected with a thermal imaging camera.
  • the response function A (x, y, ⁇ ) is generally determined using a digital image evaluation system.
  • An answer function is obtained, which reproduces the intensity of the transmitted, reflected or scattered analysis radiation as a function of the location coordinates (x, y) and optionally of the wavelength ⁇ .
  • the correlation of the response function A (x, y, ⁇ ) with the known pattern function M (x, y) is determined by correlation analysis, the marking being detectable by the correlation in such an authenticity check of the product.
  • the correlation analysis is a known mathematical method for the recognition of characteristic patterns. Methods of correlation analysis have been extensively described in the literature. It is examined to what extent the (measured) response function correlates with a comparison function.
  • K (a, ⁇ , x o , y o , ⁇ ) I Jv ( ⁇ x + x o , ⁇ y + y o , ⁇ ) A (x, y I ⁇ ) dx dy
  • ⁇ , ß are freely selectable scaling parameters
  • x 0 , yo are freely selectable position parameters.
  • the above equation is to be understood as meaning that the integration is performed over two coordinates, but possibly only over one coordinate.
  • the values for V and A for variables that exceed the measuring range are set equal to 0.
  • the correlation function provides information about the extent to which the response function A (x, y, ⁇ ) with a comparison function V ( ⁇ x + x 0, Py + y 0, ⁇ ) is correlated and how strongly this correlation changes when its variables to be changed, that is, how significant the correlation is.
  • the comparison function may, but does not have to, be identical to the intensity distribution I (x, y, ⁇ u) of the environmental influence or its underlying pattern function M (x, y, ⁇ u) or else the product of intensity distribution I (x, y, ⁇ u). and pattern function M (x, y, ⁇ u).
  • the comparison function generally describes the expected or the desired property change of the surface by the marking. As expected, however, this property change has the characteristic pattern of the marking or the intensity distribution of the environmental influence.
  • the comparison function is to be selected so that its xy dependence is the known xy dependence of the known location-dependent intensity distribution I (x, y, ⁇ u) or the underlying one Pattern function M (x, y, ⁇ u) or the product of intensity distribution I (x, y, ⁇ u) and pattern function M (x, y, ⁇ u) corresponds.
  • the comparison function does not have to have any explicit wavelength dependence.
  • the correlation function only reflects the desired, ie the change in the surface caused by the marking and effectively suppresses interferences such as statistical noise, sample inhomogeneities and influences of extraneous light. This results in a very high sensitivity.
  • a variant of the general correlation analysis is the Fourier analysis.
  • the marking has a periodic pattern with a spatial frequency ⁇ . on.
  • This marking can be produced by printing on the surface by means of a customary printing process. However, it can also be produced by exposure or general irradiation of the surface, the exposure or irradiation with a corresponding periodic intensity distribution I (x, y, ⁇ ) taking place with a spatial frequency ⁇ .
  • This can be, for example, a so-called barcode mask, for example a transparent film with a print of regularly (equidistantly) arranged (largely) nontransparent bars (so-called black / white barcode mask), or a template with a corresponding sequence of rectangular recesses.
  • a so-called barcode mask for example a transparent film with a print of regularly (equidistantly) arranged (largely) nontransparent bars (so-called black / white barcode mask), or a template with a corresponding sequence of rectangular recesses.
  • an optical grating with a corresponding pattern function M can also be projected onto the surface.
  • the transmission function of the mask which generates a specific intensity distribution, or the pattern function has a periodic structure, then particularly clear relationships result. For example, if you choose the transmission function
  • the correlation function is the real Fourier transformation of the response function except for a constant, ⁇ can thus be understood as spatial frequency.
  • K ( ⁇ , ⁇ , Xo, yo, ⁇ ) shows a contribution caused by the irradiation only at the natural frequency O 0 of the mask.
  • O 0 the natural frequency
  • the method according to the invention has a sensitivity that is more than a hundred times higher than that of a visual inspection.
  • the surfaces to be marked may consist of any materials, for example the surfaces of metals, plastics, wood, paint, paper or cardboard.
  • the marking may be applied to the product itself, if it is suitable for the application of markings, or on its packaging.
  • the term "goods" within the meaning of the invention therefore also includes the packaging of the goods.
  • the goods to be marked can come from any sector, for example the products of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries, the mineral oil industry, the vehicle industry. and the supply industry, the textile and clothing industry, the toy industry, the food, beverage and stimulant industry, the electrical industry, the cosmetics and personal care industry, the products of mechanical and plant engineering, software, digital media and consumer electronics.
  • an invisible barcode information was inscribed in a spruce wood panel as follows.
  • a barcode pattern with a period length of 1 mm was produced on a film of the type AGFA-FiIm (type 3ZESP) with the aid of the Panherpro / 46 type exposure apparatus from Prepress.
  • the 8 x 8 cm sheet was attached to the spruce board with all 4 corners for travel purposes, with the foil grid oriented perpendicular to the wood grain. Care was taken to ensure that the film lay as flat as possible on the smooth wooden surface and that the film could not move during the irradiation.
  • the thus prepared wood panel was exposed to sunlight for 30 minutes with the sunlight falling approximately perpendicular to the sample surface.
  • the R, G, B signals of the irradiated wood surface were then subjected to a one-dimensional Fourier transformation.
  • the intensity measured by the scanner are denoted by S j (k, m).
  • the subscript j denotes the R, G, B colors (red, green and blue).
  • the quantities k and m indicate the location where the intensity was measured.
  • the direction indicated by k or m is referred to below as the image line or image column.
  • Photochemical signals can be clearly recognized in the channels R, G, B in that a markedly increased intensity of the averaged power spectrum can be detected at the spatial frequency defined by the foil grid.
  • the magnitude of this intensity in each channel is a measure of the visually imperceptible barcode information.
  • the quantities plotted on the X-axis or Y-axis in FIGS. 1 and 2 are proportional to the spatial frequency OF or the intensity I of the averaged power spectrum.
  • the FT power spectrum of the grid film is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows the dimensionless spatial frequency of the grating of FIG. 44.
  • This spatial frequency observed in Figure 2 in the blue channel a very high, green channel in the middle and in the blue channel a relatively small signal peak. This corresponds to a bar code in brown color far below the visibility limit.
  • the Peak heights of the signals are plotted logarithmically to make small effects such as noise etc. more visible.
  • the photochemically generated information could still be read after months of uniform exposure to daylight with the aid of the above-described evaluation method.
  • Example 1 was repeated, but irradiated with an artificial exposure apparatus with an irradiance of 3 times the solar radiation intensity for 5 sec. Similar results were obtained as obtained in Example 1.
  • the period of the grating was 1 / cm.
  • the grid information was printed perpendicular to the print lines of the inkjet printer.
  • FIG. 3 shows the fundamental frequency as well as 2 harmonic overtones of the invisible barcode pattern.
  • the effects are particularly pronounced in the absorption area of the blue pressure, ie in the red channel.
  • the amplitudes R of the fundamental frequency and the two overtones are in the red channel: 420: 170: 80.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de contrôle d'identité de marchandises consistant à caractériser et à identifier les marchandises, comportant (I) une étape de caractérisation consistant à appliquer sur la surface de la marchandise, un marquage sous forme d'un motif présentant une fonction de modèle M(x, y), le marquage provoquant une modification locale des propriétés physiquement mesurables de la surface de la marchandise au niveau du marquage, et le marquage n'étant pas visible à l'oeil nu ; et (II) une étape d'identification consistant à détecter la transmission, la réflexion ou la diffusion d'un rayonnement d'analyse par la surface de la marchandise, en fonction de coordonnées (x, y) et de la longueur d'onde ? du rayonnement d'analyse, à déterminer une fonction de réponse A(x, y, ?) reproduisant l'intensité du rayonnement d'analyse transmis, réfléchi ou diffusé en fonction des coordonnées (x, y) et de la longueur d'onde ?, et à déterminer la corrélation de la fonction de réponse A(x, y, ?) avec la fonction de modèle connue M(x, y) par analyse de corrélation, le marquage étant détecté par la corrélation.
EP05850046A 2004-12-15 2005-12-14 Procede de controle d'identite de marchandises Ceased EP1839277A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004060315A DE102004060315A1 (de) 2004-12-15 2004-12-15 Verfahren zur Authentizitätsprüfung von Waren
PCT/EP2005/013445 WO2006063817A1 (fr) 2004-12-15 2005-12-14 Procede de controle d'identite de marchandises

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1839277A1 true EP1839277A1 (fr) 2007-10-03

Family

ID=36264442

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05850046A Ceased EP1839277A1 (fr) 2004-12-15 2005-12-14 Procede de controle d'identite de marchandises

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090266875A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1839277A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101099177B (fr)
DE (1) DE102004060315A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006063817A1 (fr)

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DE102006038270A1 (de) * 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Sicherheits- und/oder Wertdokument mit einem Muster aus strahlungsmodifizierten Komponenten
DE102007030017A1 (de) 2007-06-29 2009-01-08 Matthias Lydike Kennzeichnen von Textilien
AT506966B1 (de) 2008-12-29 2010-01-15 Matthias Lydike Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kennzeichnen einer kunststofffaser
US9075020B2 (en) * 2010-02-04 2015-07-07 Spectra Systems Corporation Gas activated changes to light absorption and emission characteristics for security articles
DE102010000559A1 (de) * 2010-02-25 2011-08-25 Bundesdruckerei GmbH, 10969 Verfahren zur Verifikation von Sicherheits- oder Wertdokumenten mit einem Anthrachinon-Farbstoff
WO2019043553A1 (fr) * 2017-08-31 2019-03-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Identification de motifs périodiques lisibles par machine

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FR2755902A1 (fr) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-22 Sarl Ind Laser Partner Procede de realisation, sur un produit, d'un marquage invisible, pouvant etre revele
WO2002004233A1 (fr) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-17 Ekc Technology, Inc. Compositions pour eliminer des residus organiques et de gravure au plasma pour des dispositifs a semi-conducteurs
US20020108398A1 (en) * 1995-07-17 2002-08-15 Smith James Gordon Charters Diamond etching
DE10115949A1 (de) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-02 Orga Kartensysteme Gmbh Unsichtbare Laserbeschriftung als Sicherheitsmerkmal für Kunststoffkarten

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US6547139B1 (en) * 1998-07-10 2003-04-15 Welch Allyn Data Collection, Inc. Method and apparatus for extending operating range of bar code scanner
US6748533B1 (en) * 1998-12-23 2004-06-08 Kent Ridge Digital Labs Method and apparatus for protecting the legitimacy of an article
EP1173001A3 (fr) * 2000-07-11 2004-05-06 Eastman Kodak Company Image authentifiable avec image intégrée ayant une caractéristique discernable
DE10037664B4 (de) * 2000-07-31 2012-02-16 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur Verifikation von Dickenmodulationen in oder auf Blattgut
GB0031016D0 (en) * 2000-12-20 2001-01-31 Alphafox Systems Ltd Security systems
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020108398A1 (en) * 1995-07-17 2002-08-15 Smith James Gordon Charters Diamond etching
FR2755902A1 (fr) * 1996-11-20 1998-05-22 Sarl Ind Laser Partner Procede de realisation, sur un produit, d'un marquage invisible, pouvant etre revele
WO2002004233A1 (fr) * 2000-07-10 2002-01-17 Ekc Technology, Inc. Compositions pour eliminer des residus organiques et de gravure au plasma pour des dispositifs a semi-conducteurs
DE10115949A1 (de) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-02 Orga Kartensysteme Gmbh Unsichtbare Laserbeschriftung als Sicherheitsmerkmal für Kunststoffkarten

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Title
See also references of WO2006063817A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090266875A1 (en) 2009-10-29
CN101099177B (zh) 2010-09-08
WO2006063817A1 (fr) 2006-06-22
CN101099177A (zh) 2008-01-02
DE102004060315A1 (de) 2006-06-22

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