EP1844538A1 - Installation motrice a refroidissement par thermosiphon de son enroulement rotorique supraconductrice - Google Patents

Installation motrice a refroidissement par thermosiphon de son enroulement rotorique supraconductrice

Info

Publication number
EP1844538A1
EP1844538A1 EP06724830A EP06724830A EP1844538A1 EP 1844538 A1 EP1844538 A1 EP 1844538A1 EP 06724830 A EP06724830 A EP 06724830A EP 06724830 A EP06724830 A EP 06724830A EP 1844538 A1 EP1844538 A1 EP 1844538A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
rotor
central
condenser
lining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06724830A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Bernd Gromoll
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP1844538A1 publication Critical patent/EP1844538A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K55/00—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures
    • H02K55/02—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type
    • H02K55/04—Dynamo-electric machines having windings operating at cryogenic temperatures of the synchronous type with rotating field windings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/60—Superconducting electric elements or equipment; Power systems integrating superconducting elements or equipment

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine installation a) with a rotatably mounted about a rotation axis, surrounded by a stator rotor having at least one rotor ⁇ winding, the superconductive conductors heat conductively coupled to a central, extending in the axial direction ⁇ the cylindrical rotor cavity are, b) with a fixed projecting into the rotor cavity under Einhal ⁇ tion of an annular heat conducting body having a central refrigerant space, c) with a located in the annular gap heat contact ⁇ gas, d) with a located outside of the rotor, fixed
  • Refrigeration unit with a condenser space and e) with running between the central refrigerant space and the Konden ⁇ sorraum the refrigeration unit, tubular Lei ⁇ tion parts.
  • the central refrigerant space, the tubular line parts and the condenser space form a closed line system in which a refrigerant can circulate or circulate by utilizing a thermosiphon effect.
  • a corresponding machine system is apparent from WO 02/15370 Al.
  • metal oxide superconductor materials with transition temperatures T c of more than 77 K have been known. These materials are therefore also referred to as high (high) -T c superconductor materials or HTS materials and in principle allow a cooling technology with liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ).
  • HTS conductors With conductors using such HTS materials, attempts are also being made to produce superconducting windings of machines. len. It appears, however, that so far HTS conductors known a relatively low current carrying capacity in Magnetfel ⁇ countries with inductions in the tesla range possess. This makes it often necessary that the conductors of such coils c, despite the high critical temperature T of the materials used must still be on a less than 77 K side temperature level, for example between 10 and 50 K supported ⁇ th to high so on occurring field strengths carrying significant currents.
  • Such a temperature level is significantly higher than 4, 2 K, the boiling point of the liquid helium (LHe), cooled with the known metallic superconductor materials with comparatively low transition temperature T c , called low (low) -T c materials or LTS materials become .
  • cryocoolers For cooling windings with HTS conductors in the temperature range below 77 K, preference is given to using refrigeration systems in the form of so-called cryocoolers with a closed He pressure gas circuit.
  • cryocoolers are in particular of the Gifford McMahon or Stirling type or are designed as so-called pulse tube coolers. They also have the advantage that their cooling capacity is virtually available at the push of a button and the handling of cryogenic liquids is avoided.
  • the superconducting winding is cooled indirectly only by heat conduction to a cold head of a corresponding refrigerator (cf., for example, also "Proc. 16 th Int Cryog. Engig. Conf. (ICEC 16)", Kitakyushu, JP, 20.-24.05.1996, Elsevier Science, 1997, pages 1109 to 1129).
  • a corresponding cooling technique is also provided for the rotor of an electric machine which can be removed from the aforementioned WO 02/15370 A1.
  • the rotor contains a rotating winding of HTS conductors, which are located in a thermally conductive winding carrier.
  • This winding support is equipped with an axially extending, cylindrical rotor cavity.
  • a central heat-conducting body In these rotor cavity protrudes fixed a central heat-conducting body, which encloses a central cylindrical refrigerant space.
  • a thermal contact gas for heat transfer between the coil carrier and the heat conducting body.
  • the vaporized refrigerant part then passes back through the ⁇ same line parts in the condenser, where it is condensed back.
  • the cooling capacity required for this purpose is provided by a chiller whose cold head is thermally coupled to the condenser space.
  • the return flow of the refrigerant toward the parts of the chiller acting as a condenser is driven by a slight overpressure, which forms in the central refrigerant space acting as the evaporator part.
  • This backflow by the formation of gas in the evaporator portion and the condenser in the liquefaction generated overpressure leads to the desired refrigerant ⁇ .
  • the corresponding circulation is also called natural convection.
  • thermosyphon piping system in which the liquid and the gaseous refrigerant flow through the same pipe parts
  • two-pipe Piping systems for a refrigerant circulation using a Thermosyphon effect known (see, for example, WO 00/13296 A).
  • an additional tube for the gaseous refrigerant must be provided in the region of the hollow shaft of the rotor .
  • thermosiphon line system a simple solution would be the machine against ⁇ to the horizontal inclined to be arranged so that even with maximum hypothetical trim or oscillation amplitude in the thermosiphon line system is still a gap in Direction to the central refrigerant space is present.
  • a correspondingly inclined arrangement is especially in shipbuilding especially with larger machine length Unwanted reasons then required a large amount of space.
  • the refrigerant can also be forcibly circulated by a pump system.
  • this requires a considerable more amount of equipment is required, especially when the refrigerant is to be located at a temperature level of at ⁇ play, 25 to 30K.
  • Such Umnachlzan ⁇ conditions also require significant losses and can hardly meet the life of shipbuilding with its long maintenance intervals.
  • Object of the present invention is, therefore, a comprehensive engine with an associated refrigeration unit machines ⁇ system to the effect Removing zugestalten with the features mentioned that even with realistic proposed oblique / or. Imbalances of their rotor, as they can occur when used on ships or off-shore facilities, yet in the central refrigerant space a sufficient cooling effect can be achieved by the refrigerant.
  • the porous material may preferably be a
  • Sintered material in particular from or with copper (Cu), han ⁇ do.
  • any material of high thermal conductivity is understood, which is formed by powder metallurgy by pressing and heating and still has a sufficient for the required Kapil ⁇ larity porosity.
  • the lining of the refrigerant space made of the sintered material may in particular be pressed or shrunk into this. With appropriate methods can be easily realized the desired lining.
  • the lining of the porous material may in particular have a porosity of at least 3%, preferably at least 10%, so as to offer for the required capillary action a sufficiently large surface wettable with the refrigerant.
  • lining materials whose thermal conductivity is at least 100 W-per (m-K-) at the operating temperature of the superconducting material are to be preferred.
  • copper (Cu) material oh met ⁇ ne further this condition, since its thermal conductivity ⁇ ness has a value which is higher than the claimed minimum value.
  • a liner with a sintered material also ei ⁇ ne is correspondingly porous coating possible.
  • FIGURE shows a longitudinal section through a machine installation designed according to the invention.
  • Machinery according to the invention each comprise a Ma ⁇ machine respectively. a motor and an associated refrigeration unit.
  • the embodiment of such a machine indicated below with reference to the figures may in particular be a synchronous motor or a generator.
  • the machine comprises a rotating, superconducting winding, which in principle allows a use of metallic LTS material or oxidic HTS material.
  • the latter material is preferably used as the basis for the following embodiment.
  • the winding may consist of a coil or a system of coils in a 2-, 4- or other multipolar arrangement.
  • the basic structure of a corresponding synchronous motor is apparent from the figure, starting from the known from the aforementioned WO 02/15370 Al ( Figure 5 in conjunction with Figures 2 and 3) embodiment of a machinery.
  • the machine designated 2 comprises a fixed, located at room temperature outer housing 3 with a stator ⁇ winding 4. Within the outer housing and enclosed by the stator winding 4 ⁇ a rotor 5 is rotatable about a Rota tion axis A stored in bearings 6. These bearings may be conventional mechanical bearings or else magnetic bearings ⁇ act.
  • the rotor further comprises a vacuum vessel 7, in which z. B. hollow cylindrical, torque-transmitting suspension elements 8 a winding support 9 with a HTS
  • Winding 10 is held.
  • this winding support is concentric with the axis of rotation A extending in the axial direction central rotor cavity 12 is present, for example, has a cylindrical shape.
  • the winding support is designed vacuum-tight with respect to this cavity. He seals it on one side of the rotor, the ge from this page by means of a solid axial rotor shaft part 5a ⁇ is superimposed.
  • Rotor shaft part 5b present in the laterally protruding a stationary neck tube 30 which is connected in the region of the central rotor cavity to a central heat conducting body 31.
  • a hollow-cylindrical annular gap 32 is maintained in relation to the co-rotating wall of the rotor shaft part 5b and of the central rotor cavity 12.
  • the rotor cavity 12 of the winding carrier is closed on the side facing the rotor shaft part 5 a.
  • On the opposite side of the tubular rotor shaft part 5b of the annular gap 32 is sealed by ei ⁇ ne unspecified sealing device 21 with at least one seal.
  • the annular gap is provided with egg ⁇ nem thermal contact gas g, preferably helium or Tempera ⁇ temperatures above 30 K operating temperature neon filled. About this contact gas, a thermal contact between the heat conducting body 31 and the rotor cavity 12 bounding wall of the winding body 9 is created.
  • the winding body should be sufficiently thermally conductive, d. H . , He has good ⁇ thermally conductive parts between the wall of the rotor cavity 12 and the winding 10. In this way, the winding over the winding body 9, the heat contact gas g and the wall of the heat conducting body 31 in a simple manner to thermally coupled to the interior 31 a of this heat conducting body.
  • thermally well-conductive metals such as Al or Cu come into question.
  • a generally designated 15 refrigeration unit For indirect cooling of the HTS winding 10 via the heat-conducting parts of the winding support 9, a generally designated 15 refrigeration unit is provided, of which only a cold head 16 is indicated in more detail.
  • ⁇ known refrigeration unit may be a cryocooler type Gifford-McMahon or in particular a regenerative cryocooler such.
  • the cold part of, for example, a few meters laterally of the rotor 5 arranged cold head 16 is in a vacuum vessel 23 via a heat transfer body 17 in good thermal contact with a refrigerant condensation unit having a condenser 18.
  • a vacuum-insulated, stationary heat pipe 20 is attached sen Schlos ⁇ , the co-rotating in an axial region or cavity 13 of the central refrigerant space 12 protrudes.
  • the sealing device 21 which is not detailed in the figure, serves with at least one sealing element, which can be designed as a ferrofluid seal and / or a labyrinth seal and / or a gap seal.
  • the central refrigerant space 31a Via the heat pipe 20 and the lateral HaIs- Rohr 30 of the condenser is the central refrigerant space 31a with the heat transfer portion 18 ⁇ outwardly gas-tight seals ask ⁇ connected.
  • These pipe parts together with the condenser space 18 and the central refrigerant space 31a are regarded as a pipe system. These spaces of this line system are filled with a refrigerant, which is selected depending on the desired operating temperature of the HTS winding 10.
  • the transport of the condensate takes place under the influence of heavy ⁇ force.
  • the liquid Kältemit ⁇ tel in the fixed refrigerant space 31a is then at least partially evaporated in the inside of the rotor.
  • the vaporous refrigerant is designated k ⁇ .
  • This vaporized under absorption of heat refrigerant ⁇ medium then flows through the interior of the line parts 22 back to ⁇ in the condenser 18.
  • the return flow is fanned by a slight overpressure acting as an evaporator refrigerant space 31a in the direction of the condenser 18 through the causing the formation of gas in the evaporator and the liquefaction in the condenser space.
  • a special lining 25 made of a sufficiently porous Mate ⁇ material , preferably made of a sintered material. Its thickness D is generally between 0, 1 and 2 mm. Such a sintered material is selected for the embodiment. It is therefore to be ensured that, even in the case of imbalances due to capillary forces in the sintered material, the coolant k is distributed uniformly on the inner surface, so that uniform vaporization and thus cooling must be ensured.
  • the liner 25 should also made of a material with high thermal conductivity such.
  • Cu sintered material has a value of thermal conductivity at one Temperature of 30 K of about 30 W - cm 1 - degree ⁇ resp. 3000 W - m 1 ⁇ • KK "11 ((vvggll ..)” GGmmeelliinnss HHaannddbbuucchh ddeerr AAnnoorrggaarnische Chemie: Kupfer, Mol A ", 8. Aufl. 1955, page 957).
  • the liner 25 has a good thermal contact with the heat-conducting body 31, the z. B. can be achieved by a shrink connection or by pressing.
  • a corresponding lining can also be in the form of a
  • the porosity of the lining 25 resp. its material should be at least 3% thereof, preferably at least 10% gen Betra ⁇ .
  • operation with rotation with inclined axis then causes the lining a uniform distribution of the liquid refrigerant k, wherein the distribution of the refrigerant on the walls or surfaces of the created with the structures or cavities refrigerant paths is additionally supported by the centrifugal forces occurring.
  • the inventive lining is therefore a uniform loss of heat removal over the entire hollow cylinder of the inner surface of the heat conducting leaves 31 both in Melzu ⁇ stood guarantee and in rotation in operation regardless of the inclination of the motor axis A.
  • the refrigerant must k or. Enclosed parts or containers to be protected against heat.
  • a vacuum environment is expediently provided, wherein optionally in the corresponding vacuum spaces additionally insulating such.
  • B. Super insulation or insulation foam can be provided. In the figure, this is from the vacuum Enclosed 7 enclosed vacuum with V designated. It also surrounds up to the seal 21 extending neck ⁇ tube 30.
  • the heat pipe 20 and the condenser 18 and the heat transfer body 17 enclosing vacuum is denoted by V ⁇ .
  • V ⁇ the heat pipe 20 and the condenser 18 and the heat transfer body 17 enclosing vacuum
  • the outer housing 3 interior space 27 generates a negative pressure.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Superconductive Dynamoelectric Machines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une installation motrice comprenant une machine (2) avec un rotor (5) pouvant tourner autour d'un axe (A), dont l'enroulement supraconducteur (10) est couplé de manière thermoconductrice à un espace d'agent réfrigérant central (31) d'un corps thermoconducteur (30) faisant saillie dans une cavité rotorique (12), par l'intermédiaire d'un support d'enroulement (9) et d'un gaz de thermocontact (g). L'espace d'agent réfrigérant (31a) forme, conjointement avec des parties de conduite (22) raccordées à lui latéralement et un espace de condensation (18) d'une unité de refroidissement (15), situé en dehors de la machine (2), un système de conduite, dans lequel un agent réfrigérant (k, k') circule suite à un effet de thermosiphon. Pour maintenir l'alimentation en agent réfrigérant dans l'espace d'agent réfrigérant central (31), même lorsque le rotor (5) est au repos, l'espace d'agent réfrigérant est muni d'un revêtement (25) consistant en un matériau poreux, de préférence un matériau fritté, à haute conductivité thermique.
EP06724830A 2005-02-04 2006-02-01 Installation motrice a refroidissement par thermosiphon de son enroulement rotorique supraconductrice Withdrawn EP1844538A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005005283A DE102005005283A1 (de) 2005-02-04 2005-02-04 Maschinenanlage mit Thermosyphon-Kühlung ihrer supraleitenden Rotorwicklung
PCT/EP2006/050575 WO2006082194A1 (fr) 2005-02-04 2006-02-01 Installation motrice a refroidissement par thermosiphon de son enroulement rotorique supraconductrice

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1844538A1 true EP1844538A1 (fr) 2007-10-17

Family

ID=36572131

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06724830A Withdrawn EP1844538A1 (fr) 2005-02-04 2006-02-01 Installation motrice a refroidissement par thermosiphon de son enroulement rotorique supraconductrice

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US7816826B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1844538A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101116238B (fr)
DE (1) DE102005005283A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006082194A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7816826B2 (en) 2010-10-19
DE102005005283A1 (de) 2006-08-17
WO2006082194A1 (fr) 2006-08-10
CN101116238B (zh) 2010-06-16
CN101116238A (zh) 2008-01-30
US20090121561A1 (en) 2009-05-14

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