EP1858895B1 - Piperazine-piperidines a activite antagoniste cxcr3 - Google Patents

Piperazine-piperidines a activite antagoniste cxcr3 Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1858895B1
EP1858895B1 EP06734999A EP06734999A EP1858895B1 EP 1858895 B1 EP1858895 B1 EP 1858895B1 EP 06734999 A EP06734999 A EP 06734999A EP 06734999 A EP06734999 A EP 06734999A EP 1858895 B1 EP1858895 B1 EP 1858895B1
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compound
group
alkyl
compounds
pharmaceutically acceptable
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EP1858895A2 (fr
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Wensheng Yu
Seong Heon Kim
Gopinadhan N. Anilkumar
Stuart B. Rosenblum
Bandarpalle B. Shankar
Brian F. Mcguinness
Douglas W. Hobbs
Yuefei Shao
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Merck Sharp and Dohme LLC
Pharmacopeia LLC
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Schering Corp
Pharmacopeia LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D487/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00
    • C07D487/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D477/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
    • C07D487/04—Ortho-condensed systems
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
    • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/04—Artificial tears; Irrigation solutions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P27/00—Drugs for disorders of the senses
    • A61P27/02—Ophthalmic agents
    • A61P27/14—Decongestants or antiallergics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
    • A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
    • A61P31/08—Antibacterial agents for leprosy
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/06—Immunosuppressants, e.g. drugs for graft rejection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pyridyl and phenyl substituted piperazine-piperidines with CXCR3 antagonist activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing one or more such antagonists, one or more such antagonists in combination with other compounds with chemokine activity, one or more such antagonists in combination with known immunosuppressive agents, non-iimting example(s) include Methotrexate, interferon, cyclosporin, FK-506 and FTY720, methods of preparing such antagonists and methods of using such antagonists to modulate CXCR3 activity.
  • This Invention also discloses methods of using such CXCR3 antagonists for the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment (non-limiting examples include palliative, curative and prophylactic therapies) of diseases and conditions where CXCR3 has been implicated.
  • Diseases.and conditions where CXCR3 has been implicated include but are not limited to inflammatory conditions (psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis), fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, type I diabetes, viral meningitis and tuberculoid leprosy.
  • CXCR3 antagonist activity has also been indicated as a therapy for tumor growth suppression as well as graft rejection (allograft and zenograft rejections for example).
  • Chemokines constitute a family of small cytokines that are produced in inflammation and regulate leukocyte recruitment ( Baggiolini, M. et al., Adv. Immunol., 55 : 97-179 (1994 ); Springer, T. A., Annu. Rev. Physio., 57 : 827-872 (1995 ); and Schall, T. J. and K. B. Bacon, Curr. Opin. Immunol, 6: 865-873 (1994 )).
  • Chemokines are capable of selectively inducing chemotaxis of the formed elements of the blood (other than red blood cells), including leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells.
  • leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, and lymphocytes, such as T cells and B cells.
  • other changes can be selectively induced by chemokines in responsive cells, including changes in cell shape, transient rises in the concentration of intracellular free calcium ions ([Ca 2+ ]), granule exocytosis, integrin upregulation, formation of bioactive lipids (e. g., leukotrienes) and respiratory burst, associated with leukocyte activation.
  • the chemokines are early triggers of the inflammatory response, causing inflammatory mediator release, chemot
  • the chemokines are related in primary structure and share four conserved cysteines, which form disulfide bonds. Based upon this conserved cysteine motif, the family can be divided into distinct branches, including the C-X-C chemokines ( ⁇ -chemokines) in which the first two conserved cysteines are separated by an intervening residue (e. g., IL-8, IP-10, Mig, I-TAC, PF4, ENA-78, GCP-2, GRO ⁇ , GROß, GRO ⁇ , NAP-2, NAP-4), and the C-C chemokines ( ⁇ -chemokines), in which the first two conserved cysteines are adjacent residues (e.
  • CXC-chemokines attract neutrophil leukocytes.
  • CXC-chemokines interleukin 8 (IL-8), GRO alpha (GRO ⁇ ), and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2) are potent chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils.
  • the CXC-chemokines designated Mig (monokine induced by gamma interferon) and IP-10 (interferon-gamma inducible 10 kDa protein) are particularly active in inducing chemotaxis of activated peripheral blood lymphocytes.
  • CC-chemokines are generally less selective and can attract a variety of leukocyte cell types, including monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, T lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
  • CC-chemokines such as human monocyte chemotactic proteins 1-3 (MCP-1, MCP-2 and MCP-3), RANTES (Regulated on Activation, Normal T Expressed and Secreted), and the macrophage inflammatory proteins 1 ⁇ and 1 ⁇ (MIP-1 ⁇ and MIP-1 ⁇ ) have been characterized as chemoattractants and activators of monocytes or lymphocytes, but do not appear to be chemoattractants for neutrophils.
  • CXCR3 is a G-protein coupled receptor with seven transmembrane-spanning domains and has been shown to be restrictively expressed in activated T cells, preferentially human Th1 cells.
  • chemokine receptors transduce an intracellular signal through the associated G-protein resulting in a rapid increase in intracellular calcium concentration.
  • CXCR3 expressing cells show no significant response to the CXC-chemokines IL-8, GRO ⁇ , NAP-2, GCP-2 (granulocyte chemotactic protein-2), ENA78 (epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide 78), PF4 (platelet factor 4), or the CC-chemokines MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MCP-4, MIP-I ⁇ , MIP-1ß, RANTES, I309, eotaxin or lymphotactin.
  • CXCR3, I-TAC Interferon-inducible T cell Alpha Chemoattractant
  • the restricted expression of human CXCR3 in activated T lymphocytes and the ligand selectivity of CXCR3 are noteworthy.
  • the human receptor is highly expressed in IL-2 activated T lymphocytes, but was not detected in resting T lymphocytes, monocytes or granulocytes ( Qin, S. et al., J. Clin. Invest., 101: 746-754 (1998 )). Additional studies of receptor distribution indicate that it is mostly CD3 + cells that express CXCR3, including cells which are CD95 + , CD45RO + , and CD45RA low , a phenotype consistent with previous activation, although a proportion of CD20 + (B) cells and CD56 + (NK) cells also express this receptor.
  • the selective expression in activated T lymphocytes is of interest, because other receptors for chemokines which have been reported to attract lymphocytes (e. g., MCP-1, MCP-2, MCP-3, MIP-1 ⁇ , MIP-1 ⁇ , RANTES) are also expressed by granulocytes, such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils, as well as monocytes. These results suggest that the CXCR3 receptor is involved in the selective recruitment of effector T cells.
  • CXCR3 recognizes unusual CXC-chemokines, designated IP-10, Mig and I-TAC. Although these belong to the CXC-subfamily, in contrast to IL-8 and other CXC-chemokines which are potent chemoattractants for neutrophils, the primary targets of IP-10, Mig and I-TAC are lymphocytes, particularly effector cells such as activated or stimulated T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells ( Taub, D. D. et al., J Exp. Med., 177: 18090-1814 (1993 ); Taub, D. D. et al., J. Immunol., 155: 3877-3888 (1995 ); Cole, K. E. et al., J. Exp.
  • NK cells are large granular lymphocytes, which lack a specific T cell receptor for antigen recognition, but possess cytolytic activity against cells such as tumor cells and virally infected cells.
  • IP-10, Mig and I-TAC lack the ELR motif, an essential binding epitope in those CXC-chemokines that efficiently induce neutrophil chemotaxis ( Clark-Lewis, I. et al., J. Biol. Chem. 266: 23128-23134 (1991 ); Hebert, C. A. et al., J. Biol. Chem., 266 : 18989-18994 (1991 ); and Clark-Lewis, 1.
  • IP-10 expression is induced in a variety of tissues in inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and tuberculoid leprosy as well as tumors and in animal model studies, for example, experimental glomerulonephritis, and experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.
  • IP-10 has a potent in vivo antitumor effect that is T cell dependent, is reported to be an inhibitor of angiogenesis in vivo and can induce chemotaxis and degranulation of NK cells in vitro, suggesting a role as a mediator of NK cell recruitment and degranulation (in tumor cell destruction, for example)
  • IP-10, Mig and I-TAC are also distinct from that of other CXC chemokines in that expression of each is induced by interferon-gamma (IFN ⁇ ), white the expression of IL-8 is down-regulated by IFN ⁇ ( Luster, A. D. et al., Nature, 315 : 672-676 (1985 ); Farber, J. M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87 : 5238-5242 (1990 ); Farber, J. M., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun., 192 (1): 223-230 (1993 ), Liao, F.
  • Chemokines are recognized as the long-sought mediators for the recruitment of lymphocytes.
  • Several CC-chemokines were found to elicit lymphocyte chemotaxis ( Loetscher, P. et al., FASEB J., 8: 1055-1060 (1994 )), however, they are also active on granulocytes and monocytes ( Uguccioni, M. et al., Eur. J. Immunol., 25 : 64-68 (1995 ); Baggiolini, M. and C. A. Dahinden, Immunol. Today, 15 : 127-133 (1994 )).
  • IP-10, Mig and I-TAC which are selective in their action on lymphocytes, including activated T lymphocytes and NK cells, and which bind CXCR3, a receptor which does not recognize numerous other chemokines and which displays a selective pattern of expression.
  • CXCR3 IL-12 kinase-like kinase
  • T lymphocytes bearing a CXCR3 receptor as a result of activation can be recruited into inflammatory lesions, sites of infection and/or tumors by IP-10, Mig and/or I-TAC, which can be induced locally by interferon-gamma.
  • CXCR3 plays a role in the selective recruitment of lymphocytes, particularly effector cells such as activated or stimulated T lymphocytes.
  • activated and effector T cells have been implicated in a number of disease states such as graft-rejection, inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and psoriasis.
  • CXCR3 represents a promising target for the development of novel therapeutics.
  • WO 00/66558 disclose piperazine derivation useful as CCR5 antagonists.
  • CXCR3 activity There is a need for compounds that are capable of modulating CXCR3 activity.
  • diseases and conditions associated with CXCR3 such as inflammatory conditions (psoriasis and inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune disease (multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis) and graft rejection (allograft and zenograft rejections for example) as well as Infectious diseases, cancers and tumors, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, type I diabetes, viral meningitis and tuberculoid leprosy.
  • a further feature of the disclosure is a pharmaceutical composition containing as active ingredient at least one compound of Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention, together with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • the disclosure provides methods of preparing compounds of Formula 1, e.g. compounds of the invention, as well as methods for treating diseases, for example, treatment (e. g., palliative therapy, curative therapy, prophylactic therapy) of certain diseases and conditions e.g., inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune diseases (e. g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis), graft rejection (e. g., allograft rejection, xenograft rejection), ophthalmic inflammation or dry eye, infectious diseases and tumors.
  • treatment e. g., palliative therapy, curative therapy, prophylactic therapy
  • certain diseases and conditions e.g., inflammatory diseases (e.g., psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune diseases (e. g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis), graft rejection (e. g., allograft rejection
  • the disclosure provides a method of treating a CXCR3 chemokine mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • the disclosure provides methods of treating diseases, for example, treatment (e. g., palliative therapy, curative therapy, prophylactic therapy) of certain diseases and conditions such as inflammatory diseases (e. g., psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune diseases (e. g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis), graft rejection (e.
  • treatment e. g., palliative therapy, curative therapy, prophylactic therapy
  • certain diseases and conditions such as inflammatory diseases (e. g., psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease), autoimmune diseases (e. g., rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis), graft rejection (e.
  • At least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives (such as cyclosporins and methotrexate); steroids (including corticosteroids such as glucorticoids); PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, TNF- ⁇ -convertase (TACE) inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, glucocorticoids, other chemokine inhibitors such as CCR2 and CCR5, CB2-selective inhibitors, p38 inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutics.
  • a medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressive
  • the disclosure also provides a method of modulating (inhibiting or promoting) an inflammatory response in an individual in need of such therapy.
  • the method comprises administering a therapeutical effective amount of a compound (e. g., small organic molecule) which inhibits or promotes mammalian CXCR3 function in an individual in need thereof.
  • a method of inhibiting or blocking T-cell mediated chemotaxis in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • Also disclosed is a method of treating inflammatory bowel disease (such Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound of Formula 1, eg at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • inflammatory bowel disease such Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
  • Also disclosed is a method of treating inflammatory bowel disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound of Formula eg at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine, anti-TNF compounds, anti-IL-12 compounds, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, T-cell receptor directed therapies (such as anti-CD3 antibodies), immunosuppresives, methotrexate, azathioprine, and 6-mercaptopurines.
  • Also disclosed is a method of treating graft rejection in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound bf Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • Also disclosed is a method of treating graft rejection in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amounts of: (a) at least one compound of Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: cyclosporine A, FK-506, FTY720, beta-interferon, rapamycin, mycophenolate, prednisolone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and an antilymphocyte globulin.
  • a compound of Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with
  • a compound of Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or este
  • a compound of Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with
  • ophthalmic inflammation including, for e.g., uveitis, posterior segment intraocular inflammation, Sjogren's syndrome
  • dry eye in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: immunosuppressives, cyclosporins, methotrexate, FK506, steroids, corticosteroids, and anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds.
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of: Inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft rejection, psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, ophthalmic inflammation (including e.g.,
  • the disclosure also provides a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of: inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft rejection, psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and tuberculoid leprosy, ophthalmic inflammation, type I diabetes, viral meningitis and cancer in a patient in need of such treatment, such method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of (a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g.
  • At least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives; steroids; PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutics.
  • at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives; steroids; PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and
  • Carbamates and urea substituents refer to groups with oxygens and nitrogens respectively adjacent an amide; representative carbamate and urea substituents include the following:
  • Cycloalkyl means a non-aromatic mono- or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms. Preferred cycloalkyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
  • the cycloalkyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above.
  • suitable monocyclic cycloalkyls include cyclopropyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like.
  • Non-limiting examples can include bicyclic cycloalkyls such as bicycloheptane.
  • suitable multicyclic cycloalkyls include 1-decalin, norbornyl, adamantyl and the like.
  • Cycloalkenyl means a non-aromatic mono or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 carbon atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 carbon atoms which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Preferred cycloalkenyl rings contain about 5 to about 7 ring atoms.
  • the cycloalkenyl can be optionally substituted with one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined above.
  • suitable monocyclic cycloalkenyls include cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, and the like.
  • Non-limiting example of a suitable multicyclic cycloalkenyl is norbomylenyl.
  • cycloalkenyl additionally means moieties such as cyclobutenedione, cyclopentenone, cyclopentenedione and the like.
  • Halogen (or halo) means fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Preferred are fluorine, chlorine and bromine.
  • Haloalkyl means an alkyl as defined above wherein one or more hydrogen atoms on the alkyl is replaced by a halo group defined above.
  • Heteroaryl means an aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 5 to about 14 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the ring atoms is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. Preferred heteroaryls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
  • the "heteroaryl” can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein.
  • the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heteroaryl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively, is present as a ring atom.
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heteroaryl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding. N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
  • suitable heteroaryls include pyridyl, pyrazinyl, furanyl, thienyl, pyrimidinyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, furazanyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, 1,2,4-thiadiazolyl, pyridazinyl, quinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolyl, benzofurazanyl, indolyl, azaindolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, imidazolyl, thienopyr
  • Heterocyclyl (or heterocycloalkyl) means a non-aromatic saturated monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, alone or in combination. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
  • Preferred heterocyclyls contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
  • the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom.
  • the heterocyclyl can be optionally substituted by one or more "ring system substituents" which may be the same or different, and are as defined herein.
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic heterocyclyl rings include piperidyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, 1,3-dioxolanyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothiophenyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, and the like.
  • Heterocyclenyl means a non-aromatic monocyclic or multicyclic ring system comprising about 3 to about 10 ring atoms, preferably about 5 to about 10 ring atoms, in which one or more of the atoms in the ring system is an element other than carbon, for example nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom, alone or in combination, and which contains at least one carbon-carbon double bond or carbon-nitrogen double bond. There are no adjacent oxygen and/or sulfur atoms present in the ring system.
  • Preferred heterocyclenyl rings contain about 5 to about 6 ring atoms.
  • the prefix aza, oxa or thia before the heterocyclenyl root name means that at least a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom respectively is present as a ring atom.
  • the heterocyclenyl can be optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein "ring system substituent" is as defined above.
  • the nitrogen or sulfur atom of the heterocyclenyl can be optionally oxidized to the corresponding N-oxide, S-oxide or S,S-dioxide.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable monocyclic azaheterocyclenyl groups include 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, 1,4-dihydropyridyl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine, dihydro-2-pyrrolinyl, dihydro-3-pyrrolinyl, dihydro-2-imidazolinyl, dihydro-2-pyrazolinyl, dihydro-4,5-trizolyl and the like.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable oxaheterocyclenyl groups include 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran, dihydrofuranyl, fluorodihydrofuranyl, and the like.
  • Non-limiting example of a suitable multicyclic oxaheterocyclenyl group is 7-oxabicyclo[2.2.1]heptenyl.
  • suitable monocyclic thiaheterocyclenyl rings include thiophenyl, dihydrothiophenyl, dihydrothiopyranyl, and the like.
  • Heteroaralkyl means a heteroaryl-alkyl- group in which the heteroaryl and alkyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkyls contain a lower alkyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable aralkyl groups include pyridylmethyl, 2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl and quinolin-(3-yl)methyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
  • Heteroaralkenyl means an heteroaryl-alkenyl- group In which the heteroaryl and alkenyl are as previously described. Preferred heteroaralkenyls contain a lower alkenyl group. Non-limiting examples of suitable heteroaralkenyl groups include 2-(pyrid-3-yl)ethenyl and 2-(quinolin-3-yl)ethenyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkenyl.
  • Hydroxyalkyl means a HO-alkyl- group in which alkyl is as previously defined. Preferred hydroxyalkyls contain lower alkyl. Non-limiting examples of suitable hydroxyalkyl groups include hydroxymethyl and 2-hydroxyethyl. The bond to the parent moiety is through the alkyl.
  • Spiroalkyl means an alkylene group wherein two carbon atoms of an alkyl group are attached to one carbon atom of a parent molecular group thereby forming a carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring of three to eleven atoms.
  • Representative structures include examples such as: can be optionally substituted by one or more ring system substituents, wherein “ring system substituent” is as defined herein.
  • Ring system substituent means a substituent attached to an aromatic or non-aromatic ring system which, for example, replaces an available hydrogen on the ring system.
  • Ring system substituents may be the same or different, each being independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, alkoxyl, aryl, aroyl, aryloxy, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclenyl, alkylaryl, alkylheteroaryl, aralkyl, aralkenyl, aralkoxy, aralkoxycarbonyl, amino, -NH(alkyl), -N(alkyl) 2 , -NH(cycloalkyl), -N(cycloalkyl) 2 , -NH(aryl), -N(aryl) 2 , -NH(heteroaryl), -N(heteroaryl) 2 ,
  • Ring system substituent also means a cyclic ring of 3 to 7 ring atoms of which may contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms, attached to an aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl or heterocyclenyl ring by simultaneously substituting two ring hydrogen atoms on said aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclenyl ring.
  • Non-limiting examples include: and the like.
  • moieties include, substituents, groups or rings
  • the phrases "one or more" and “at least one” mean that, there can be as many moieties as chemically permitted, and the determination of the maximum number of such moieties is well within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the specified ingredients in the specified amounts, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredients in the specified amounts.
  • the straight line - as a bond generally indicates a mixture of, or either of, the possible isomers, non-limiting example(s) include, containing (R)- and (S)- stereochemistry.
  • non-limiting example(s) include, containing (R)- and (S)- stereochemistry.
  • Lines drawn into the ring systems such as, for example: indicate that the indicated line (bond) may be attached to any of the substitutable ring carbon atoms.
  • Prodrugs and solvates of the compounds of the disclosure are also contemplated herein.
  • the term "prodrug”, as employed herein, denotes a compound that is a drug precursor which, upon administration to a subject, undergoes chemical conversion by metabolic or chemical processes to yield a compound of Formula 1 or a salt and/or solvate thereof.
  • a discussion of prodrugs is provided in T. Higuchi and V. Stella, Pro-drugs as Novel Delivery Systems (1987) Volume 14 of the A.C.S. Symposium Series, and in Bioreversible Carriers In Drug Design, (1987) Edward B. Roche, ed., American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press ,
  • Metabolic conjugates for example, glucoronides and sulfates which can under reversible conversion to compounds of Formula 1 are contemplated in this application.
  • Effective amount or “therapeutically effective amount” is meant to describe an amount of compound or a composition of the present invention effective to antagonize CXCR3 and thus produce the desired therapeutic effect in a suitable patient.
  • “Mammal” means humans and other mammalian animals.
  • Patient includes both human and animals.
  • Solvate means a physical association of a compound of this invention with one or more solvent molecules. This physical association involves varying degrees of Ionic and covalent bonding, including hydrogen bonding. In certain instances the solvate will be capable of isolation, for example when one or more solvent molecules are incorporated in the crystal lattice of the crystalline solid. "Solvate” encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Non-limiting examples of suitable solvates include ethanolates, methanolates; and the like. "Hydrate” is a solvate wherein the solvent molecule is H 2 O.
  • Reference to a compound of Formula 1 herein is understood to include reference to salts thereof, unless otherwise indicated.
  • salts denotes acidic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic acids, as well as basic salts formed with inorganic and/or organic bases.
  • a compound of the invention contains both a basic moiety, such as, but not limited to a pyridine or imidazole, and an acidic moiety, such as, but not limited to a carboxylic acid, zwitterions ("inner salts") may be formed and are included within the term "salt(s)" as used herein.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable (non-limiting example(s) include, non-toxic, physiologically acceptable) salts are preferred, although other salts are also useful.
  • Salts of the compounds of the Formula 1 e.g. salts of compounds of the invention, may be formed, for example, by reacting a compound of Formula 1, e.g.
  • a compound of the invention with an amount of acid or base, such as an equivalent amount, in a medium such as one in which the salt precipitates or in an aqueous medium followed by lyophilization.
  • Acids (and bases) which are generally considered suitable for the formation of pharmaceutically useful salts from basic (or acidic) pharmaceutical compounds are discussed, for example, by S. Berge et al, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (1977) 66(1) 1-19 ; P. Gould, International J. of Pharmaceutics (1986) 33 201-217 ; Anderson et al, The Practice of Medicinal Chemistry (1996), Academic Press, New York ; in The Orange Book (Food & Drug Administration, Washington, D.C. on their website ); and P. Heinrich Stahl, Camille G. Wermuth (Eds.), Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, (2002) Int'l. Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, pp. 330-331 .
  • Exemplary acid addition salts include acetates, adipates, alginates, ascorbates, aspartates, benzoates, benzenesulfonates, bisulfates, borates, butyrates, citrate, camphorates, camphorsulfonates, cyclopentanepropionates, digluconates, dodecylsulfates, ethanesulfonates, fumarates, glucoheptanoates, glycerophosphates, hemisulfates, heptanoates, hexanoates, hydrochlorides, hydrobromides, hydroiodides, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonates, lactates, maleates, methanesulfonates, methyl sulfates, 2-naphthalenesulfonates, nicotinates, nitrates, oxalates, pamoates, pectinates, persulfates, 3-phen
  • Exemplary basic salts include ammonium salts, alkali metal salts such as sodium, lithium, and potassium salts, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium and magnesium salts, aluminum salts, zinc salts, salts with organic bases (for example, organic amines) such as benzathines, diethylamine, dicyclohexylamines, hydrabamines (formed with N,N-bis(dehydroabietyl)ethylenediamine), N-methyl-D-glucamines, N-methyl-D-glucamldes, t-butyl amines, piperazine, phenylcyclohexylamine, choline, tromethamine, and salts with amino acids such as arginine, lysine and the like.
  • organic bases for example, organic amines
  • organic bases for example, organic amines
  • Basic nitrogen-containing groups may be quartemized with agents such as lower alkyl halides (non-iimiting example(s) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dlalkyl sulfates (non-limiting example(s) include dimethyl, diethyl, dibutyl, and diamyl sulfates), long chain halides (non-limiting example(s) include decyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), aralkyl halides (non-limiting example(s) include benzyl and phenethyl bromides), and others.
  • agents such as lower alkyl halides (non-iimiting example(s) include methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl chlorides, bromides and iodides), dlalkyl
  • esters of the present compounds include the following groups: (1) carboxylic acid esters obtained by esterification of the hydroxy groups, in which the non-carbonyl moiety of the carboxylic acid portion of the ester grouping is selected from straight or branched chain alkyl (for example, acetyl, n-propyl, t-butyl, or n-butyl), alkoxyalkyl (for example, methoxymethyl), aralkyl (for example, benzyl), aryloxyalkyl (for example, phenoxymethyl), aryl (for example, phenyl optionally substituted with, for example, halogen, C 1-4 alkyl, or C 1-4 alkoxy or amino); (2) sulfonate esters, such as alkyl- or aralkylsulfonyl (for example, methanesulfonyl); (3) amino acid esters (for example, L-valyl or L-isoleucyl); (4) phosphoric acid
  • All stereoisomers (for example, geometric isomers, optical Isomers and the like) of the present compounds including those of the salts, solvates and prodrugs of the compounds as well as the salts and solvates of the prodrugs), such as those which may exist due to asymmetric carbons on various substituents, including enantiomeric forms (which may exist even in the absence of asymmetric carbons), rotameric forms, atropisomers, and diastereomeric forms, are contemplated within the scope of this disclosure.
  • Individual stereoisomers of the compounds of the disclosure e.g.
  • individual stereoisomers of compounds of the invention may, for example, be substantially free of other isomers, or may be admixed, for example, as racemates or with all other, or other selected, stereoisomers.
  • the chiral centers of the compounds can have the S or R configuration as defined by the IUPAC 1974 Recommendations.
  • the use of the terms "salt”, “solvate'” "prodrug” and the like, is intended to equally apply to the salt, solvate and prodrug of enantiomers, stereoisomers, rotamers, tautomers, racemates or prodrugs of the compounds.
  • the disclosure provides compounds of Formula 1, e.g compounds of the invention, having CXCR3 antagonist activity, or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivative thereof, where the various definitions are given above.
  • G is fused to said ring marked a via at least said one N atom of ring G.
  • ring G is selected from the group consisting of: wherein is a single bond or double bond.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2 , -OR 30 and -CF 3 .
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 , cyclopropyl, -F, -Cl, OCH 3 , OCF 3 and CF 3 .
  • R 4 is selected from the group consisting of H, -NH 2 , -CH 3 , -CN and -F.
  • R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carbonyl.
  • R 10 is selected from the group consisting of - CH 3 , -CH 2 CH 3 and -CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , and m is 0 - 2.
  • R 11 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl and carbonyl.
  • R 11 is H or -CH 3 .
  • R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , CN and -CH 2 CH 3 .
  • ring atoms of ring D are independently C or N and substituted by 0-4 R 20 moieties.
  • ring D is a 5 to 6 membered aryl, heteroaryl, heterocyclenyl, or heterocyclyl ring and substituted by 0-4 R 20 moieties.
  • two R 20 moieties are linked together to form a five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl or heteroaryl ring wherein said five or six membered aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclenyl, heterocyclyl, and heteroaryl ring is fused to ring D and the fused ring is optionally substituted with 0 to 4 R 21 moieties.
  • n is 0-2.
  • q is 1 or 2.
  • r is 1 or 2.
  • ring G is selected from the group consisting of:
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2 , -OR 30 and -CF 3 .
  • R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, aralkyl, hydroxyalkyl, and carbonyl.
  • R 11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, alkyl and carbonyl.
  • R 12 is selected from the group consisting of H, -CH 3 , CN or -CH 2 CH 3 .
  • Formula 2 In another instance, in the above-shown Formula 2, Formula 3, Formula 4 or Formula 5, L is carbon.
  • R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halogen, -N(R 30 ) 2 , -OR 30 and -CF 3 ;
  • a compound is selected from the following structures in Table 1 below (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof) which are shown along with their IC 50 ratings.
  • the IC 50 values are rated, "A” for IC 50 values less than about 25 nanomolar (nM), "B” for IC 50 values in the range of from about 25 to about 100 nM and "C” for IC 50 values greater than about 100 nM.
  • Compound Number 1 has a IC 50 value of 0.3 nM.
  • Table 1 Compound Number STRUCTURE IC 50 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A 8 A 9 A 10 A 11 A 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 A 16 A 17 A 18 B 19 B 20 B 21 B 22 B 23 B 24 B 25 C 26 C 27 C 28 C 29 C 30 C 31 C 32 C 33 C 34 C 35 C 36 C 37 C 38 C or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • the compound according to Formula 1 can be selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae: and or a pharmaceutical acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • the human IC 50 values (in nM) of the above compounds have been set forth above undemeath their chemical structures.
  • this disclosure provides the following compounds: or pharmaceutical acceptable salts, solvates or esters thereof.
  • the human IC 50 values (in nM) of the above compounds have been set forth above underneath their chemical structures.
  • the compound according to Formula 1 e.g. a compound of the invention, is in purified form.
  • this disclosure provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof in combination with at least one pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • the disclosure provides a pharmaceutical compostion comprising at least one compound of Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention further comprising at least one additional agent, drug, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease.
  • the therapeutic agents in the combination may be administered in any order such as, for example, sequentially, concurrently, together, simultaneously and the like.
  • the amounts of the various actives in such combination therapy may be different amounts (different dosage amounts) or same amounts (same dosage amounts).
  • a compound of Formula I and an additional therapeutic agent may be present in fixed amounts (dosage amounts) in a single dosage unit (e.g., a capsule, a tablet and the like).
  • a commercial example of such single dosage unit containing fixed amounts of two different active compounds is VYTORIN ® (available from Merck Schering-Plough Pharmaceuticals, Kenilworth, New Jersey).
  • the disclosure provides methods for preparing pharmaceutical compositions comprising the heterocyclic substituted piperazine compounds of Formula 1 e.g. compounds of the invention, as an active ingredient
  • the active Ingredients will typically be administered in admixture with suitable carrier materials suitably selected with respect to the intended form of administration, i.e. oral tablets, capsules (either solid-filled, semi-solid filled or liquid filled), powders for constitution, oral gels, elixirs, dispersible granules, syrups, suspensions, and the like, and consistent with conventional pharmaceutical practices.
  • the active drug component may be combined with any oral non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable inert carrier, such as lactose, starch, sucrose, cellulose, magnesium stearate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, talc, mannitol, ethyl alcohol (liquid forms) and the like.
  • suitable binders, lubricants, disintegrating agents and coloring agents may also be incorporated in the mixture.
  • Powders and tablets may be comprised of from about 5 to about 95 percent inventive composition.
  • Suitable binders include starch, gelatin, natural sugars, com sweeteners, natural and synthetic gums such as acacia, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol and waxes.
  • lubricants there may be mentioned for use in these dosage forms, boric acid, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, and the like.
  • Disintegrants include starch, methylcellulose, guar gum and the like. Sweetening and flavoring agents and preservatives may also be included where appropriate.
  • compositions of the disclosure may be formulated in sustained release form to provide the rate controlled release of any one or more of the components or active ingredients to optimize the therapeutic effects, i.e. anti-inflammatory activity and the like.
  • Suitable dosage forms for sustained release include layered tablets containing layers of varying disintegration rates or controlled release polymeric matrices impregnated with the active components and shaped in tablet form or capsules containing such impregnated or encapsulated porous polymeric matrices.
  • Liquid form preparations include solutions, suspensions and emulsions. As an example may be mentioned water or water-propylene glycol solutions for parenteral injections or addition of sweeteners and pacifiers for oral solutions, suspensions and emulsions. Liquid form preparations may also include solutions for intranasal administration.
  • Aerosol preparations suitable for inhalation may include solutions and solids in powder form, which may be in combination with a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier such as inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • a pharmaceutical acceptable carrier such as inert compressed gas, e.g. nitrogen.
  • a low melting wax such as a mixture of fatty acid glycerides such as cocoa butter is first melted, and the active ingredient is dispersed homogeneously therein by stirring or similar mixing. The molten homogeneous mixture is then poured into convenient sized molds, allowed to cool and thereby solidify.
  • solid form preparations which are Intended to be converted, shortly before use, to liquid form preparations for either oral or parenteral administration.
  • liquid forms include solutions, suspensions and emulsions.
  • the compounds of the disclosure may also be deliverable transdermally.
  • the transdermal compositions may take the form of creams, lotions, aerosols and/or emulsions and can be included in a transdermal patch of the matrix or reservoir type as are conventional in the art for this purpose.
  • the compound is administered orally.
  • the pharmaceutical preparation is in a unit dosage form.
  • the preparation is subdivided into suitably sized unit doses containing appropriate quantities of the active components, e.g., an effective amount to achieve the desired purpose.
  • the quantity of the inventive active composition in a unit dose of preparation may be generally varied or adjusted from about 1.0 milligram to about 1,000 milligrams, preferably from about 1.0 to about 950 milligrams, more preferably from about 1.0 to about 500 milligrams, and typically from about 1 to about 250 milligrams, according to the particular application.
  • the actual dosage employed may be varied depending upon the patient's age, sex, weight and severity of the condition being treated. Such techniques are well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the human oral dosage form containing the active ingredients can be administered 1 or 2 times per day.
  • the amount and frequency of the administration will be regulated according to the judgment of the attending clinician.
  • a generally recommended daily dosage regimen for oral administration may range from about 1.0 milligram to about 1,000 milligrams per day, in single or divided doses.
  • Capsule - refers to a special container or enclosure made of methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohols, or denatured gelatins or starch for holding or containing compositions comprising the active ingredients.
  • Hard shell capsules are typically made of blends of relatively high gel strength bone and pork skin gelatins. The capsule itself may contain small amounts of dyes, opaquing agents, plasticizers and preservatives.
  • Tablet- refers to a compressed or molded solid dosage form containing the active ingredients with suitable diluents.
  • the tablet can be prepared by compression of mixtures or granulations obtained by wet granulation, dry granulation or by compaction.
  • Oral qels- refers to the active ingredients dispersed or solubilized in a hydrophillic semi-solid matrix.
  • Powders for constitution - refers to powder blends containing the active ingredients and suitable diluents which can be suspended in water or juices.
  • Diluent - refers to substances that usually make up the major portion of the composition or dosage form. Suitable diluents include sugars such as lactose, sucrose, mannitol and sorbitol; starches derived from wheat, com, rice and potato; and celluloses such as microcrystalline cellulose.
  • the amount of diluent in the composition can range from about 10 to about 90% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 25 to about 75%, more preferably from about 30 to about 60% by weight, even more preferably from about 12 to about 60%.
  • Disintegrants refers to materials added to the composition to help it break apart (disintegrate) and release the medicaments.
  • Suitable disintegrants include starches; "cold water soluble" modified starches such as sodium carboxymethyl starch; natural and synthetic gums such as locust bean, karaya, guar, tragacanth and agar; cellulose derivatives such as methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose; microcrystalline celluloses and cross-linked microcrystalline celluloses such as sodium croscarmellose; alginates such as alginic acid and sodium alginate; clays such as bentonites; and effervescent mixtures.
  • the amount of disintegrant in the composition can range from about 2 to about 15% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 4 to about 10% by weight.
  • Binders - refers to substances that bind or "glue” powders together and make them cohesive by forming granules, thus serving as the "adhesive" in the formulation. Binders add cohesive strength already available in the diluent or bulking agent. Suitable binders include sugars such as sucrose; starches derived from wheat, corn rice and potato; natural gums such as acacia, gelatin and tragacanth; derivatives of seaweed such as alginic acid, sodium alginate and ammonium calcium alginate; cellulosic materials such as methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose; polyvinylpyrrolidone; and inorganics such as magnesium aluminum silicate.
  • the amount of binder in the composition can range from about 2 to about 20% by weight of the composition, more preferably from about 3 to about 10% by weight, even more preferably from about 3 to about 6% by weight.
  • Lubricant - refers to a substance added to the dosage form to enable the tablet, granules, etc. after it has been compressed, to release from the mold or die by reducing friction or wear.
  • Suitable lubricants include metallic stearates such as magnesium stearate, calcium stearate or potassium stearate; stearic acid; high melting point waxes; and water soluble lubricants such as sodium chloride, sodium benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium oleate, polyethylene glycols and d'I-leucine. Lubricants are usually added at the very last step before compression, since they must be present on the surfaces of the granules and in between them and the parts of the tablet press.
  • the amount of lubricant in the composition can range from about 0.2 to about 5% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2%, more preferably from about 0.3 to about 1.5% by weight.
  • Suitable glidents include silicon dioxide and talc.
  • the amount of glident in the composition can range from about 0.1% to about 5% by weight of the total composition, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2% by weight.
  • Coloring agents - excipients that provide coloration to the composition or the dosage form.
  • excipients can include food grade dyes and food grade dyes adsorbed onto a suitable adsorbent such as clay or aluminum oxide.
  • the amount of the coloring agent can vary from about 0.1 to about 5% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 0.1 to about 1%.
  • Bioavailability - refers to the rate and extent to which the active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety is absorbed into the systemic circulation from an administered dosage form as compared to a standard or control.
  • Conventional methods for preparing tablets are known. Such methods include dry methods such as direct compression and compression of granulation produced by compaction, or wet methods or other special procedures.
  • Conventional methods for making other forms for administration such as, for example, capsules, suppositories and the like are also well known.
  • the disclosure includes tautomers, enantiomers and other stereoisomers of the compounds also.
  • certain imidazole compounds may exist in tautomeric forms. Such variations are contemplated to be within the scope of the disclosure.
  • Certain compounds of the disclosure may exist in multiple crystalline forms or amorphous forms. All physical forms of the compounds are contemplated.
  • compositions disclosed above for treatment of diseases of a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • the method is directed to administering to the patient (a) an effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one additional agent, drug, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease, in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • an effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with
  • at least one additional agent, drug, medicament, antibody and/or inhibitor for treating a CXCR3 chemokine receptor mediated disease in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • At least one compound of Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention, binds to a CXCR3 receptor.
  • the method can further comprise administering: (a) a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives (such as cyclosporins and methotrexate); steroids (including corticosteroids such as glucorticoids); PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, TNF- ⁇ -convertase (TACE) inhibitors, MMP inhibitors, cytokine inhibitors, glucocorticoids, other chemokine inhibitors such as CCR2 and CCR5, CB2-selective inhibitors, p38 inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutics.
  • the disease can be an inflammatory disease (e.g.,
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of inhibiting or blocking T-cell mediated chemotaxis in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating inflammatory bowel disease (such Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • inflammatory bowel disease such Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating inflammatory bowel disease in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound of Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: sulfasalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, sulfapyridine, anti-TNF compounds, anti-IL-12 compounds, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, T-cell receptor directed therapies (such as anti-CD3 antibodies), immunosuppresives, methotrexate, azathioprine, and 6-mercaptopurines.
  • sulfasalazine e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with
  • Another of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating or preventing graft rejection in a patient in need of such treatment comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: cyclosporine A, FK-506, FTY720, beta-interferon, rapamycin, mycophenolate, prednisolone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide and an antilymphocyte globulin.
  • a compound according to Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound according to Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: beta-interferon, glatiramer acetate, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, methotrexate, azothioprine, mitoxantrone, VLA-4 inhibitors, FTY720, anti-IL-12 inhibitors, and CB2-selective inhibitors.
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating multiple sclerosis in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: methotrexate, cyclosporin, leflunomide, sulfasalazine, corticosteroids, ⁇ -methasone, ⁇ -interferon, glatiramer acetate, prednisone, etonercept, and infliximab.
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating rheumatoid arthritis in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: (a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g.
  • At least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, cyclosporine, methotrexate, steroids, PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, caspase (ICE) inhibitors and other chipses of compounds indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
  • non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents COX-2 inhibitors, COX-1 inhibitors, immunosuppressives, cyclosporine, methotrexate, steroids, PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors,
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating psoriasis In a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a theraceutically effective amount of: least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: immunosuppressives, cyclosporins, methotrexate, steroids, corticosteroids, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, anti-IL compounds, anti-IL-23 compounds, vitamin A and D compounds and fumarates.
  • at least one compound according to Formula 1 e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: immunosuppressives, cyclosporins, methotrexate, steroids, corticosteroids, anti-TNF- ⁇
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating ophthalmic Inflammation (including, for e.g., uveitis, posterior segment intraocular inflammation, Sjogren's syndrome) or dry eye in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of: immunosuppressives, cyclosporins, methotrexate, FK506, steroids, corticosteroids, and anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds.
  • ophthalmic Inflammation including, for e.g., uveitis, posterior segment intraocular inflammation, Sjogren's syndrome
  • dry eye in a patient in need of such treatment the method comprising administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of: a) at least one compound according
  • Another instance of this disclosure is directed to a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of: inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft rejection, psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, ophthalmic inflammation (including e.g., uveitis, posterior segment intraocular inflammation, and Sjogren's syndrome), tuberculoid leprosy and cancer in a patient in need of such treatment, such method comprising administering to the patient an effective amount of at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g. at least one compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof.
  • a disease selected from the group consisting of: inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft rejection, psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, ophthalmic inflammation (including e
  • Another instance of this disclosure directed to a method of treating a disease selected from the group consisting of inflammatory disease, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, graft rejection, psoriasis, fixed drug eruptions, cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and tuberculoid leprosy, ophthalmic inflammation, type I diabetes, viral meningitis and cancer in a patient in need of such treatment, such method comprising administering to the patient an effective unit of (a) at least one compound according to Formula 1, e.g.
  • At least one compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or ester thereof concurrently or sequentially with (b) at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives; steroids; PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and therapeutics.
  • at least one medicament selected from the group consisting of: disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs; COX-2 selective inhibitors; COX-1 inhibitors; immunosuppressives; steroids; PDE IV inhibitors, anti-TNF- ⁇ compounds, MMP inhibitors, corticosteroids, glucocorticoids, chemokine inhibitors, CB2-selective inhibitors, biological response modifiers; anti-inflammatory agents and
  • Another instance of the disclosure provides a method of making the compounds disclosed above.
  • the prepared compounds may be analyzed for their composition and purity as well as characterized by standard analytical techniques such as, for example, elemental analysis, NMR, mass spectroscopy, and IR spectroscopy.
  • a suitable protecting group for an amine ( Pr 2 , Pr 3 ) is methyl, benzyl, ethoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, phthaloyl, trifluoroacetyl, acetyl and the like. All protecting groups can be appended to and removed by literature methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • synthesis of compounds of Formula 1, e.g. the synthesis of compounds of the invention may require the construction of an amine bond.
  • One such method is, but not limited to, the reaction of a primary or secondary amine with a reactive carbonyl (e.g. aldehyde or ketone) under reductive amination conditions.
  • Suitable reducing agents of the intermediate imine are sodium borohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride and the like at 0°C to 100°C.
  • Suitable solvents for the reaction are halogenated hydrocarbons, ethereal solvents, N,N-dimethylformamide and the like.
  • Another such method is but not limited to the reaction of a primary or secondary amine with a reactive alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide, benzyl halide, mesylate, tosylate and the like.
  • a reactive alkylating agent such as an alkyl halide, benzyl halide, mesylate, tosylate and the like.
  • Suitable solvents for the reaction are halogenated hydrocarbons, ethereal solvents, N,N-dimethylformamide and the like.
  • the reaction may be conducted under pressure or in a sealed vessel at 0°C to 100°C.
  • Suitable reducing agents include sodium borohydride, lithium aluminum hydride, diborane and the like at -20°C to 100°C.
  • Suitable solvents for the reaction are halogenated hydrocarbons, ethereal solvents, N,N-dimethytformamide and the like.
  • Suitable oxidizing reagents include oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, m -chloroperoxybenzoic acid and the like at -20°C to 100°C.
  • Suitable solvents for the reaction are halogenated hydrocarbons, ethereal solvents, water and the like.
  • the starting materials and the intermediates of a reaction may be isolated and purified if desired using conventional techniques, including but not limited to filtration, distillation, crystallization, chromatography and the like. Such materials can be characterized using conventional means, including physical constants and spectral data.
  • a suitably protected 2-halopyrazine of structure I or structure XVII is reacted with a piperazine of structure II to form a compound of structure III or structure XVIII.
  • the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as dioxane in the presence of a base such as potassium carbonate or cesium carbonate.
  • a catalyst such as palladium acetate may be added and the reaction heated to a temperature between 30°C to 150°C.
  • step A is a protected piperazine of structure III or structure XVIII
  • deprotection is required.
  • Pr 2 is benzyl or substituted benzyl deprotection can be effected by reaction under a pressure of hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium.
  • Pr 2 is ethoxycarbonyl deprotection can be effected by reaction with trimethylsilyl iodide.
  • Pr 2 is t-butoxycarbonyl deprotection can be effected with a strong acid such as trifluoroacetic acid.
  • a piperazine of structure IV or XIX is reacted with a compound of structure V or IX in the presence of a reducing agent with or without titanium tetraisopropoxide to form a compound of structure VI, X or XX where R 12 is hydrogen.
  • One variation to afford compounds of structure V or IX with R 12 CN, is the reaction in the presence of a reducing agent with or without titanium tetraisopropoxide and a cyanide source such as dimethylaluminum cyanide.
  • the reaction is carried out in refluxing solvents such as EtOH or MeOH for 1 - 8 hours.
  • a compound of structure VII or XI is reacted with reagent such as isoamyl nitrite in the presence of acid to form a reactive intermediate isocyanate, which is followed by intramolecular cyclization to form a compound of structure VIII or XII where R 12 is hydrogen.
  • a compound of general structure XII can be alkylated to form other compounds of general structure VIII.
  • a compound of structure XII is reacted with reactive carbonyl derivatives (aldehyde or ketone) under the reductive amination condition.
  • alkylating agents such as alkyl halide, benzyl halide, mesylate, tosylate and the like. General conditions are described above.
  • a suitable protected ester of structure VI or X where R29 and R 8 taken together is O and Pr 1 is alkyl, is reacted with a primary or secondary amine to provide compounds of structure XII or XV.
  • Typical conditions include the reaction of the ester and the amine in a polar solvent such as methanol in a sealed tube at 25°C to 100°C.
  • a suitably protected ester of structure VI where R29 and R 8 taken together is O and Pr 1 is alkyl, is reacted with reducing agent such as diisopropyl aluminum hydride to provide a primary hydroxy compound of structure XIV where R29 and R 8 are H.
  • reducing agent such as diisopropyl aluminum hydride
  • azide forming agent such as diphenylphosphoryl azide
  • Typical conditions include that the alcohol is reacted with a base and an azide forming reagent in solvents such as methylene chloride and toluene at 25°C.
  • a compound of structure XX is reacted with a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride to provide a compound of structure XXI.
  • a reducing agent such as sodium borohydride
  • Typical conditions include the reaction of the diamine and the activated carbonyl agent such as carbonyl diimidazole in a halogenated solvent such as methylene chloride at 25°C to 100°C.
  • methyl 2,5-dichloronicotinate (4.5 g, 22 mmol) was dissolved in ammonia solution (250 mL, 0.5 M in 1,4-dioxane; 0.125 mol).
  • ammonia solution 250 mL, 0.5 M in 1,4-dioxane; 0.125 mol.
  • the pressure vessels were sealed and heated at (85 ⁇ 5) °C for 9 days.
  • the two reaction mixtures were allowed to cool to rt, then combined and concentrated under reduced pressure to yield a white solid.
  • the compounds can readily be evaluated to determine activity at the CXCR3 receptors by known methods, such as, for example, development of a human CXCR3 (N-delta 4) Binding Assay.
  • the DNA encoding human CXCR3 was cloned by PCR using human genomic DNA (Promega, Madison, WI) as a template.
  • the PCR primers were designed based on the published sequence of human orphan receptor GPR9 (1) with incorporated restriction sites, a Kozak consensus sequence, CD8 leader and Flag tag.
  • the PCR product was subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pME18Sneo, a derivative of the SR-alpha expression vector (designated as pME18Sneo-hCXCR3 (N-delta 4).
  • IL-3-dependent mouse pro-B cells Ba/F3 were transfected by electroporation in 0.4 ml Dulbecco's PBS containing 4 X 10 6 cells with 20 ⁇ g of pAAE18Sneo-hCXCR3 (N-delta 4) plasmid DNA. Cells were pulsed at 400 Volts, 100 OHMs, 960 ⁇ Fd. The transfected cells were under selection with 1 mg/ml G418 (Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD). G418-resistant Ba/F3 clones were screened for CXCR3 expression by specific binding of [ 125 I] IP-10 (NEN Life Science Products, Boston, MA).
  • Ba/F3 cells expressing human CXCR3 were pelleted and resuspended in the lysis buffer containing 10 mM HEPES , pH 7.5 and Complete ® protease inhibitors (1 tablet per 100 ml) (Boehringer Mannheim, Indianapolis, IN) at a cell density of 20 x 10 6 cells per ml. after 5 minute incubation on ice, cells were transferred to 4639 cell disruption bomb (Parr Instrument, Moline, IL) and applied with 1,500 psi of nitrogen for 30 minutes on ice. Large cellular debris was removed by centrifugation at 1,000 x g. Cell membrane in the supernatant was sedimented at 100,000 x g. The membrane was resuspended in the lysis buffer supplemented with 10% sucrose and stored at -80 °C. Total protein concentration of the membrane was determined by BCA method from Pierce (Rockford, IL).
  • Ki ratings for the various compounds of the present invention are given in the afore-mentioned Table 1. From these ratings and value ranges, it would be apparent to the spilled artisan that the compounds of the invention have excellent utility as CXCR3 receptor antagonists.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un composé, ou des énantiomères, des stéréoisomères, des rotamères, das tautomères, des racémates ou un promédicament dudit composé, ou des sels, des solvates ou des esters acceptables d'un poids de vue pharmaceutique dudit composé, ou dudit promédicament, ledit composé présentant la structure générale représentée par la formule 1 ou un sel, solvate, ou ester acceptable d'un point de vue pharmaceutique de celui-ci, dont les différents fragments sont définis dans l'invention. L'invention concerne également une méthode de traitement des maladies médiées par les chimiokines, par exemple la thérapie palliative, la thérapie curative, la thérapie prophylactique de certaines maladies et états tels que les maladies inflammatoires (par exemple, entre autres, le psoriasis), les maladies autoimmunes (par exemple, entre autres, la polyarthrite rhumatoïde et la sclérose en plaques), un rejet de greffe (par exemple, entre autres, un rejet de greffe allogénique ou un rejet de xénogreffe), les maladies infectieuses (par exemple la lèpre tuberculoïde), les éruptions médicamenteuses fixes, des réponses d'hypersensibilité cutanée retardées, les inflammations ophtalmiques, le diabète de type I, la méningite virale et les tumeurs, à l'aide des composés représentés par la formule 1.

Claims (17)

  1. Composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: numéro du compose STRUCTURE 1
    Figure imgb0233
         2
    Figure imgb0234
         3
    Figure imgb0235
         4
    Figure imgb0236
         5
    Figure imgb0237
         6
    Figure imgb0238
         7
    Figure imgb0239
         8
    Figure imgb0240
         9
    Figure imgb0241
         10
    Figure imgb0242
         11
    Figure imgb0243
         12
    Figure imgb0244
         13
    Figure imgb0245
         14
    Figure imgb0246
         15
    Figure imgb0247
         16
    Figure imgb0248
         17
    Figure imgb0249
         18
    Figure imgb0250
         19
    Figure imgb0251
         20
    Figure imgb0252
         21
    Figure imgb0253
         22
    Figure imgb0254
         23
    Figure imgb0255
         24
    Figure imgb0256
         25
    Figure imgb0257
         26
    Figure imgb0258
         27
    Figure imgb0259
         28
    Figure imgb0260
         29
    Figure imgb0261
         30
    Figure imgb0262
         31
    Figure imgb0263
         32
    Figure imgb0264
         33
    Figure imgb0265
         34
    Figure imgb0266
         35
    Figure imgb0267
         36
    Figure imgb0268
         37
    Figure imgb0269
         38
    Figure imgb0270
    ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci.
  2. Composé selon la revendication 1, choisi dans le groupe constitué de: numéro du composé STRUCTURE 13
    Figure imgb0271
         14
    Figure imgb0272
         15
    Figure imgb0273
         16
    Figure imgb0274
         17
    Figure imgb0275
         18
    Figure imgb0276
         19
    Figure imgb0277
         20
    Figure imgb0278
         22
    Figure imgb0279
         23
    Figure imgb0280
         26
    Figure imgb0281
         27
    Figure imgb0282
         30
    Figure imgb0283
         33
    Figure imgb0284
         34
    Figure imgb0285
         38
    Figure imgb0286
    ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci.
  3. Composé selon la revendication 1, choisi dans le groupe constitué de:
    Figure imgb0287
    Figure imgb0288
    Figure imgb0289
     ou un sel, un solvate ou un ester pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci.
  4. Composé selon la revendication 3, choisi dans le groupe constitué de:
    Figure imgb0290
     ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci.
  5. Composition pharmaceutique comprenant au moins un composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, en combinaison avec au moins un support pharmaceutiquement acceptable.
  6. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une maladie inflammatoire.
  7. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une maladie intestinale inflammatoire chez un patient.
  8. Composé pour une utilisation selon la revendication 7, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: sulfasalazine, acide 5-aminosalicylique, sulfapyridine, composés anti-TNF, composés anti-IL-12, corticostéroïdes, glucocorticoïdes, thérapies dirigées vers le récepteur des cellules T, immunosuppresseurs, méthotrexate, azathioprine et 6-mercaptopurines.
  9. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement ou la prévention d'un rejet de greffe chez un patient.
  10. Composé pour une utilisation selon la revendication 9, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: cyclosporine A, FK-506, FTY720, bêta-interféron, rapamycine, mycophénolate, prednisolone, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide et une globuline antilymphocyte.
  11. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une sclérose en plaques chez un patient, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: bêta-interféron, acétate de glatiramer, corticostéroïdes, glucocorticoïdes, méthotrexate, azothioprine, mitoxantrone, inhibiteurs de VLA-4, FTY720, composés anti-IL-12 et inhibiteurs sélectifs de CB2.
  12. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une sclérose en plaques chez un patient, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: méthotrexate, cyclosporine, léflunomide, sulfasalazine, corticostéroïdes, β-méthasone, β-interféron, acétate de glatiramer, prednisone, étonercept et infliximab.
  13. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une polyarthrite rhumatoïde chez un patient, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: agents anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens, inhibiteurs de COX-2, inhibiteurs de COX-1, immunosuppresseurs, cyclosporine, méthotrexate, stéroïdes, inhibiteurs de PDE IV, composés anti-TNF-α, inhibiteurs de MMP, corticostéroïdes, glucocorticoïdes, inhibiteurs de chimiokine, inhibiteurs sélectifs de CB2, inhibiteurs de caspase (ICE) et autres classes de composés indiqués pour le traitement d'une polyarthrite rhumatoïde.
  14. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'un psoriasis chez un patient, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration au patient dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: immunosuppresseurs, cyclosporines, méthotrexate, stéroïdes, corticostéroïdes, composés anti-TNF-α, composés anti-IL, composés anti-IL-23, vitamine A et composés D et fumarates.
  15. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une inflammation ophtalmique ou de l'oeil sec chez un patient, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration au patient dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un composé choisi dans le groupe constitué de: immunosuppresseurs, cyclosporines, méthotrexate, FK506, stéroïdes, corticostéroïdes et composés anti-TNF-α.
  16. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une maladie choisie dans le groupe constitué de: maladie inflammatoire, polyarthrite rhumatoïde, sclérose en plaques, maladie intestinale inflammatoire, rejet de greffe, psoriasis, éruption médicamenteuse fixe, réponses d'hypersensibilité cutanée de type retardée, inflammation ophtalmique, lèpre turberculoïde et cancer chez un patient.
  17. Composé selon la revendication 1, ou un sel ou un solvate pharmaceutiquement acceptable de celui-ci, pour une utilisation dans le traitement d'une maladie choisie dans le groupe constitué de: maladie inflammatoire, polyarthrite rhumatoïde, sclérose en plaques, maladie intestinale inflammatoire, rejet de greffe, psoriasis, éruption médicamenteuse fixe, réponses d'hypersensibilité cutanée de type retardée et lèpre turberculoïde, inflammation ophtalmique, diabète de type I, méningite virale et cancer chez un patient, dans lequel le traitement comprend l'administration au patient dudit composé simultanément ou séquentiellement à au moins un médicament choisi dans le groupe constitué de: médicaments anti-rhumatismaux modifiant une maladie; médicaments anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens; inhibiteurs sélectifs de COX-2; inhibiteurs de COX-1; immunosuppresseurs; stéroïdes; inhibiteurs de PDE IV, composés anti-TNF-α, inhibiteurs de MMP, corticostéroïdes, glucocorticoïdes, inhibiteurs de chimiokine, inhibiteurs sélectifs de CB2, modificateurs de réponse biologique; agents anti-inflammatoires et produits thérapeutiques.
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US20060276457A1 (en) 2006-12-07
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MX2007010068A (es) 2007-10-10
CN101189238A (zh) 2008-05-28
CA2598489A1 (fr) 2006-08-24
WO2006088836A2 (fr) 2006-08-24
EP1858895A2 (fr) 2007-11-28

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