Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
  • B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
  • B28B7/465—Applying setting liquid to dry mixtures
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/001—Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
  • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
  • B29C64/165—Processes of additive manufacturing using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
  • B29C67/24—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 characterised by the choice of material
  • B29C67/242—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete
  • B29C67/243—Moulding mineral aggregates bonded with resin, e.g. resin concrete for making articles of definite length
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
  • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
  • E04B1/3505—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block characterised by the in situ moulding of large parts of a structure

Definitions

• the present invention relates to building and, in particular to the automatic construction of buildings or other heavy constructions by a method and a device suitable for reducing the building time and for assisting its relative operations.
• the present invention is used also to build particularly articulated and complex structures.
• a well known technique uses concrete that is cast in a semi-fluid form in a formwork. With this technique volumes of concrete are obtained having the shape of the formwork used.
• This technique has the drawback a complex work is required to obtain complex forms having convexities and concavities, mainly owing to the difficulty to provide formworks with shape complex and owing to the low resistance to pulling stresses of the concrete, which requires the use of steel reinforcements that must be folded to follow the shape of the formwork.
• Another drawback is the cost of the manual work to make the formwork before casting the concrete and for removing the formworks after hardening.
• a further drawback is the cost of the formwork material .
• Another drawback of the method for construction with concrete is the waiting time necessary for hardening.
• a feature of the present invention is therefore that to provide a method for making automatically buildings and other works in the building industry.
• Another feature of the invention is to provide a method for making buildings obtained with volumes with even complex shape, comprising also concave or convex surfaces, and undercut portions of whichever form and size.
• a further object is to provide a method suitable for providing structures resistant not only to compression, but even to pulling stresses.
• Another feature of the invention is to provide an apparatus suitable for carrying out said method.
• a method for building automatically conglomerate structures characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
• - CAD modelling a structure of building, in particular with a CAD function of surface modelling or of volume modelling, obtaining a computer file structure model
• said method provides a step of enveloping said structure or portion of it with a , plurality of single volumes that envelope said structure.
• said single volumes are selected from the group comprised of: parallelepipeds, cylinders, prisms, spheres or parts or combinations of them.
• said single volumes have edges or vertical generatrix parallel to vertical sides of said structure and the horizontal edges parallel to the horizontal planes of said structure.
• a CAM system having graphical environment suitable for displaying said model structure file.
• said apparatus comprises an operating head piloted on said horizontal planes with independent motion or interpolated motion according to Cartesian or polar coordinates.
• an apparatus for building automatically conglomerate structures comprises :
• a horizontal frame suitable for supporting a bridge crane capable of causing a operating head to move in a horizontal plane defined by said horizontal frame within said perimeter;
• control unit suitable for controlling the succession of operations up to completion of said structure
• said containing walls are capable to contain said inert material in a working area larger than said conglomerate structure.
• said containing walls are vertical and define a parallelepiped or cylindrical volume on said working area.
• a covering is provided for roofing said containing walls.
• said covering is capable of stopping hermetically said volume so that a vacuum can be created inside.
• said operating head comprises: - at least one binder spraying nozzle operated by a controlled electro valve;
• said operating head comprises a volumetric doser for supplying said operating head with a known amount of inert material for each stroke.
• said operating head comprises a blade that is adapted to slide on the deposited inert material to uniform it in order to achieve a predetermined thickness, on the whole working area.
• said resin is selected from the group comprised of:
• said resin has a viscosity set between 3 and 10 poises, and preferably between 6 and 8 poises, and is adapted to be fluid enough to penetrate between the granules of the granular material for a height corresponding to said pitch, thus reaching the layer of granular material bonded in the previous step.
• said granular material has a granulometry set between 0,1 and 2 mm, and preferably between 0,5 and 1,5 mm. This way the granular material has a value of maximum effective porosity adapted to cause said binder to penetrate between the deposited granules up to reaching the layer already sprayed in the previous cycle .
• FIG. 1 shows an apparatus for building automatically conglomerate structures according to the present invention, comprising a horizontal frame sliding vertically on which a bridge crane is slidingly engaged that supports a operating head;
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show respectively a perspective view and a front view of an apparatus according to the invention and figure 5 shows a view of the operating head, relative to a first operative deposition step of an amount of granular material;
• FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 show the apparatus according to the invention, during a step of spreading the granular material along the exposed surface of the previously deposited layer;
• FIGS 12, 13 and 14 show the apparatus during a back stroke when the operating head sprays a binder on the layer of granular material just deposited only on the solid areas of a cross section;
• FIG. 21 and 22 show respectively a perspective view and an elevational view of the final steps of completion of the building.
• FIG. 23 shows a cross sectional view of a portion of a structure comprising two layers of granular material 61 and 62 deposited in two successive steps.
• an apparatus is described according to the invention suitable for making automatically conglomerate structures of buildings. It comprises a framework having four uprights 3, 4, 5, 6 capable of supporting a horizontal frame 1 movable vertically along such uprights.
• Horizontal frame 1, with closed shape has at least two parallel sides 2 for slidingly engaging with two ends of a bridge crane 15 which holds an operating head 16.
• operating head 16 moves along arrow 19 perpendicular to the sliding direction 18 of bridge crane 15 and frame 1 can move vertically along arrows 11, 12, 13, 14.
• the bridge crane structure 15 comprises a beam 21, having at each end a couple of wheels 23 that engage with the inner part of the beams 2 of figure 1.
• a guide 20 is provided integral and parallel to beam 21 that slidingly holds a slide 24 of operating head 16, which is capable of spraying a liquid binder on a just deposited layer of granular material.
• Beam 21 supports a hopper 17 with elongated shape, which extends along the length of beam 21 and is adapted to deposit a predetermined amount of granular material at one end of the depositing plane.
• a blade is arranged for spreading the granular material just deposited by the above described hopper 17.
• Figures 3 and 4 show respectively a perspective view and a front view of an apparatus according to the invention and figure 5 is a view of operating head 16, relative to a first operative deposition step of an amount of granular material, in which frame 1 is at the position of zero (ground level) , bridge crane 15 is in its first stop position and operating head 16 is in its first stop position.
• the apparatus comprises four containing walls 31 that define a volume that is going to be filled with granular material following the method according to the invention.
• Figures 6, 7 and 8 show the apparatus according to the invention, during a step of spreading the granular material along the exposed surface of the previously deposited layer.
• bridge crane 15 moves towards its second limit stop, distributing and leveling the granular material deposited in the previous step, by blade 22.
• FIGs 9, 10 and 11 show the apparatus at the end of the previous step.
• Frame 1 is still at ground level, bridge crane 15 has achieved its second limit stop and is still, while operating head 16 is still at its first limit stop.
• Figures 12, 13 and 14 show the apparatus in a step of back stroke when operating head 16 sprays the binder on the layer of granular material only at the solid areas of the calculated cross section.
• frame 1 is still at the zero level, bridge crane 15 moves back and operating head 16 sprays the binder and moves along its sliding axis.
• Figures 15, 16 and 17 show the apparatus at the end of the spraying step, when frame 1 is still at ground level, bridge crane 15 and operating head 16 have moved back to their first limit stop. In this position, the doser 40 of bridge crane 15 is filled with an amount of granular material to be deposited in the next step.
• Figures 18, 19 and 20 show the repetition of the previous steps, in particular of the first step, on a second distribution level reached by raising frame 1 for a height equal to the pitch.
• the amount of granular material stored in the previous step is deposited by doser 40.
• Figure 23 shows a cross sectional view of a portion of structure comprising two layers of granular material 61 and 62 deposited in two successive steps.
• the resin is selected from the group comprised of epoxy resin and cross linking polyurethane; it has a viscosity set between 3 and
• said granular material has a granulometry set between 0,1 and 2 mm, and preferably between 0,5 and 1,5 mm; this way the granular material has a maximum effective porosity adapted to cause said binder to penetrate between the deposited granules up to reaching the layer already sprayed in the previous cycle.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
• Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
• Management, Administration, Business Operations System, And Electronic Commerce (AREA)
• Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
• Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
• Coating Apparatus (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (51)

Family Cites Families (8)

• 2005
  • 2005-03-22 IT IT000031A patent/ITPI20050031A1/it unknown
• 2006
  • 2006-03-16 CA CA002602071A patent/CA2602071A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-03-16 CN CNA2006800093137A patent/CN101146666A/zh active Pending
  • 2006-03-16 BR BRPI0606334-9A patent/BRPI0606334A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-03-16 UA UAA200710380A patent/UA89395C2/ru unknown
  • 2006-03-16 AU AU2006226104A patent/AU2006226104A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-03-16 US US11/908,993 patent/US20080148683A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-03-16 EA EA200701767A patent/EA011978B1/ru unknown
  • 2006-03-16 EP EP06744440A patent/EP1868793A2/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-03-16 JP JP2008502498A patent/JP2008534819A/ja active Pending
  • 2006-03-16 WO PCT/IB2006/000596 patent/WO2006100556A2/en not_active Ceased
• 2007
  • 2007-09-17 ZA ZA200708079A patent/ZA200708079B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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