EP1919626B1 - Vorrichtung zur luft-/wasser-extraktion durch halbfeuchtes elektrostatisches auffangen und verwendungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur luft-/wasser-extraktion durch halbfeuchtes elektrostatisches auffangen und verwendungsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1919626B1
EP1919626B1 EP06762783A EP06762783A EP1919626B1 EP 1919626 B1 EP1919626 B1 EP 1919626B1 EP 06762783 A EP06762783 A EP 06762783A EP 06762783 A EP06762783 A EP 06762783A EP 1919626 B1 EP1919626 B1 EP 1919626B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
air
counter
discharge electrode
vapour
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06762783A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1919626A1 (de
Inventor
Ernest Galbrun
Jean-Luc Achard
Yves Fouillet
Raymond Charles
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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Publication of EP1919626A1 publication Critical patent/EP1919626A1/de
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Publication of EP1919626B1 publication Critical patent/EP1919626B1/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/02—Plant or installations having external electricity supply
    • B03C3/16—Plant or installations having external electricity supply wet type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/32—Transportable units, e.g. for cleaning room air

Definitions

  • the electrofilter WO-2004/041440 further comprises a reservoir containing a liquid which is hydraulically connected to the collection electrode; a liquid pump for pumping said liquid from said reservoir into the collection electrode, such that said liquid flows on the outside of said collection electrode and is returned to the reservoir.
  • the liquid serves to clean the collection electrode continuously or periodically, which avoids stopping the electrostatic precipitator to clean or replace the electrodes.
  • the liquid is typically transported to a waste management system, where it will be filtered or at least cleaned.
  • US Patent No. Re. 35990 presents a method and a device for treating residues. These residues are incinerated in an oxygen-rich atmosphere to produce ash and residual gases and these gases are burned in an oxygen deficient atmosphere to produce burned residual gases. An electrostatic filtration module is used to purify the flue gas entering it, making it more environmentally acceptable.
  • this invention aims to allow the efficient collection of submicron particles suspended in the air for their analysis.
  • This device also allows portable applications and has a consumption of energy and products (mainly water) low enough to have a suitable autonomy.
  • the steam leaving the nozzle has the following properties: Pressure slightly greater than or equal to atmospheric pressure, temperature equal to the boiling point (100 ° C. at atmospheric pressure) or greater, flow rate less than five hundredths air flow. Thus, the air to which the steam mixes will not be saturated.
  • the figure 4 shows an exploded view of a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention.
  • the discharge electrode 1 can be fixed indifferently to the frame in which the main flow takes place or be integrated with the steam ejection nozzle 13.
  • the discharge electrode 1 can be short and relatively thick, in which case the discharge will be solely at the tip of the discharge electrode 1; or it can be fine and pass through the entire chamber 7 (the pipe), in which case the discharge takes place over the entire length of the discharge electrode 1 (it is called wire discharge).
  • 14 indicates a low-voltage electrical control box and indicates a detection device (the analysis unit9).
  • the counterelectrode 2 may consist of a compact or porous conductive material, generally metal. If a porous conductive material is used, it can be in various forms: perforated metal, porous sintered metal, one or more layers of wire mesh preferably rolled into a cylinder shape, a cushion of fiber or metal wire in the form of cylinder, etc. As the gas flows into the porous medium, the particles are transported near the surface of the conductive elements, thus allowing the charged particles to actually deposit on the surface of the conductive elements of the porous medium. If solid collection electrodes are used, such as a solid tube surrounding the central discharge electrode, the charged particles must be precipitated by the electrical force through the fluid boundary layer adjacent to the inner surface of the tube which surrounded.
  • the solvent for example a film of water
  • the device according to the present invention may further comprise collection means using the capillarity, the gravity or the shear of the air.
  • the figure 7 illustrates the possibility of using an addressable electrode array in position by a sufficiently high voltage to cause the displacement of a drop of water (containing any additives) to scan the entire surface of the collection electrode. It is then possible, by successively bringing these electrodes 17 to a potential of the order of a few tens of volts (typically: 60 volts), to move a drop on the surface of the counterelectrode 2 by electrowetting. It is thus possible to sweep with a single drop the entire surface of the electrode 2, drastically reducing the quantity of water necessary to collect the particles or droplets.
  • the complete system can use several modules, such as the one described above, to increase the flow of air to be treated while preferably keeping a laminar flow inside each module since the flow treated by each modules remain the same.
  • Each of the modules typically measures a few cm in diameter, for one or several tens of cm in height.
  • the figure 8 illustrates that a helical groove 18 can be machined on the inner face of the main pipe (chamber 7) to collect the particles and form an interlacing with the counter electrode 2, also consisting of a helical wire.
  • This solution makes it possible to limit the surface of the counter-electrode and thus not to have to functionalize the latter.
  • the figure 9 illustrates that the use of a plane counter electrode 2 is possible to facilitate the collection of particles.
  • the figure 10 shows a second example of a possible planar configuration.
  • 8 refers to a steam inlet tube and to a detection device (the analysis unit).
  • 19 indicates the collection areas (counter-electrode 2), 20 indicates a bin, 21 indicates a reagent and 22 indicates the electrodes for moving the drops by electrowetting.
  • the device of the present invention may contain gravity-type collection means (the droplets sink below the counter electrode due to gravity) or air shear (the droplets are carried along the counter-electrode by the flow of air present in the device).
  • the most common applications of the present invention are the extraction of particles suspended in the air for their subsequent analysis (monitoring of pollution, prevention of bioterrorism).
  • Any constituent of air such as gases, microbes (including microorganisms such as spores, bacteria, fungi), dust or any other particles that are entrained or transported by air, can be ionized by the electrostatic field, collected by the collection electrode and, if necessary, analyzed.
  • the invention relates primarily to an implementation whose objective is to collect the particles in a water volume as small as possible, for subsequent biological analyzes. This is called microbiological extraction devices.
  • the present invention provides several specific advantages.
  • the device envisaged differs from conventional devices in several respects:
  • water vapor instead of mist (droplets, as is the case in conventional wet electrostatic precipitators) makes it possible to increase the collection efficiency of submicron particles. This remains valid if another solvent that water is used for steam formation.
  • water vapor ensures that the condensation in droplets is around the particles present in the air.
  • the water vapor is confined to a small volume, the water consumption is low enough to have a range of at least one day with a main tank containing a few liters of water.
  • the invention will be useful in particular for the establishment of mobile air analysis beacons for detecting submicron particles present as traces in the atmosphere (bacteria and viruses). For example, it is conceivable to place such tags at the exit of risky industries to detect in real time the presence of legionellosis.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Luft/Wasser-Extraktion durch elektrostatisches semi-feuchtes elektrostatisches Sammeln, umfassend eine Kammer 7, die eine Sprühelektrode 1 zum Erzeugen eines Ionenstroms ausgehend von einer die Sprühelektrode 1 und eine Gegenelektrode 2 umgebenden Blase aus ionisiertem Gas enthält, einen Einlass 3 zum Mischen der zu extrahierenden Luft und des Aerosols, die flüssige oder feste Teilchen enthalten, ein Rohr zur Zuleitung von Dampf 8 und einen Ausgang 4 für die gereinigte Luft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung das Einführen des Dampfes durch das Rohr zur Zuleitung von Dampf 8 in den Raum zwischen der Sprühelektrode 1 und der Gegenelektrode 2 so ermöglicht, dass eine die Sprühelektrode 1 auf ihrer gesamten Länge umgebenden Hülle aus Dampf 10 derart gebildet wird, dass die behandelte Luft nicht dampfgesättigt ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenelektrode 2 teilweise in einen ein Lösungsmittel enthaltenden Behälter eingetaucht ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lösungsmittel Wasser ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sprühelektrode 1 sich auf der Achse des Rohrs zur Zuleitung von Dampf 8 befindet.
  5. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sprühelektrode 1 ein Stift oder ein Draht ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenelektrode 2 mit einem Kühlsystem 16 versehen ist.
  7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gegenelektrode 2 durch eine Oberflächenbehandlung hydrophil gemacht worden ist.
  8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Behandlung das Bilden von Rillen ist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung außerdem Mittel zum Sammeln umfasst, die Kapillarität, Schwerkraft oder Luftscherung verwenden.
  10. Verfahren zum Sammeln von flüssigen oder festen Teilchen durch eine elektrostatische semi-feuchte Methode, deren Teilchengröße im Bereich zwischen 10 nm und 100 µm enthalten ist, als Suspension in einem Gas, unter Verwendung einer Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    a) der Dampf in den Raum zwischen der Gegenelektrode 2 und der Sprühelektrode 1 eingeführt wird, um eine Hülle aus Dampf 10 um die Sprühelektrode 10 herum zu schaffen,
    b) ein Luft- und Aerosolgemisch unter Bildung einer Strömung in den Raum zwischen der Sprühelektrode 1 und der Gegenelektrode 2 eingeführt wird,
    c) die Dampfmoleküle durch die Sprühelektrode 1 ionisiert werden,
    d) die ionisierten Dampfmoleküle Teilchen aufladen,
    e) sich die geladenen Teilchen unter Bildung von Tröpfchen treffen, und
    f) die Tröpfchen bis zur Gegenelektrode 2 geführt werden und auf dieser abgeschieden werden,
    g) die Tröpfchen gesammelt und transportiert werden, um analysiert zu werden.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Dampf Wasserdampf ist.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömung der Luft und des Aerosols laminar ist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Strömung der Luft und des Aerosols tangential zu den Wänden der Kammer 7 eintritt, um eine spiralförmige Strömung zu bilden.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Gegenelektrode 2 teilweise in einem ein Lösungsmittel enthaltenden Behälter befindet, um die Gegenelektrode 2 mit einem Film dieses Lösungsmittels zu benetzen.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Lösungsmittel Wasser ist, das Zusatzstoffe enthalten kann.
EP06762783A 2005-07-28 2006-07-24 Vorrichtung zur luft-/wasser-extraktion durch halbfeuchtes elektrostatisches auffangen und verwendungsverfahren dafür Not-in-force EP1919626B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0508100A FR2889082B1 (fr) 2005-07-28 2005-07-28 Dispositif d'extraction air/eau par collection electrostatique semi-humide et procede utilisant ce dispositif
PCT/EP2006/007282 WO2007012447A1 (fr) 2005-07-28 2006-07-24 Dispositif d' extraction air/eau par collection electrostatique semi-humide et procede utilisant ce dispositif

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1919626A1 EP1919626A1 (de) 2008-05-14
EP1919626B1 true EP1919626B1 (de) 2010-05-12

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EP06762783A Not-in-force EP1919626B1 (de) 2005-07-28 2006-07-24 Vorrichtung zur luft-/wasser-extraktion durch halbfeuchtes elektrostatisches auffangen und verwendungsverfahren dafür

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US8206494B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1919626B1 (de)
JP (1) JP5400379B2 (de)
AT (1) ATE467459T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602006014278D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2889082B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007012447A1 (de)

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US9610587B2 (en) 2011-08-29 2017-04-04 Commissariat á l'ènergie atomique et aux ènergies alternatives Electrostatic collection device of particles in suspension in a gaseous environment

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE602006014278D1 (de) 2010-06-24
ATE467459T1 (de) 2010-05-15
WO2007012447A1 (fr) 2007-02-01
JP5400379B2 (ja) 2014-01-29
JP2009502457A (ja) 2009-01-29
FR2889082A1 (fr) 2007-02-02
US20080295687A1 (en) 2008-12-04
US8206494B2 (en) 2012-06-26
FR2889082B1 (fr) 2007-10-05
EP1919626A1 (de) 2008-05-14

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