EP1919981A2 - Copolymeres n-halamine/polysiloxane ammonium quaternaire - Google Patents

Copolymeres n-halamine/polysiloxane ammonium quaternaire

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Publication number
EP1919981A2
EP1919981A2 EP06851123A EP06851123A EP1919981A2 EP 1919981 A2 EP1919981 A2 EP 1919981A2 EP 06851123 A EP06851123 A EP 06851123A EP 06851123 A EP06851123 A EP 06851123A EP 1919981 A2 EP1919981 A2 EP 1919981A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
groups
quaternary ammonium
polysiloxane copolymer
polysiloxane
copolymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06851123A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1919981A4 (fr
Inventor
Shelby D. Worley
Yongjun Chen
Jie Liang
Paul Kevin Barnes
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Auburn University
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Auburn University
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Publication date
Application filed by Auburn University filed Critical Auburn University
Publication of EP1919981A2 publication Critical patent/EP1919981A2/fr
Publication of EP1919981A4 publication Critical patent/EP1919981A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/38—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08G77/382—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon
    • C08G77/388—Polysiloxanes modified by chemical after-treatment containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen or silicon containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
    • C08G77/22—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
    • C08G77/26—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to organic groups containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen nitrogen-containing groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G77/42—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences
    • C08G77/452—Block-or graft-polymers containing polysiloxane sequences containing nitrogen-containing sequences
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D183/10—Block or graft copolymers containing polysiloxane sequences

Definitions

  • N-halamines are heterocyclic amines that include groups such as hydantoins, oxazolidinones, and imidazolidinones having chlorine or bromine attached to a nitrogen of the heterocyclic ring.
  • a precursor N-halamine refers to the non-halogenated heterocyclic amine.
  • N-halamines have the ability to be regenerated when the halogen is depleted.
  • N-halamines have been linked to various polymers, including polysiloxanes.
  • a different class of biocidal compounds known as quaternary amines, only have a weakly biocidal quaternary ammonium cation and are nonregenerable. Thus, they are much less desirable in comparison to N-halamines.
  • Polysiloxane polymers and monomers described in U.S. Patent No. 6,969,769 having N-halamine groups have an advantage over previous technology, such as quaternary amines, in biocidal efficacy in terms of both the required contact times and increased spectrum of activity against pathogens.
  • these N-halamine polysiloxane polymers are not soluble in pure aqueous media. Therefore, N-halamine polysiloxane polymers are limited in the preparation of substrates involving a non-aqueous solvent.
  • copolymer when used either alone or in connection with “polysiloxane” refers to a polysiloxane polymer which has both pendant hydantoin groups and pendant quaternary ammonium groups regardless of how made.
  • the pendant hydantoin groups and the pendant quaternary ammonium groups are randomly attached to the polysiloxane copolymer backbone.
  • the polysiloxane copolymers having pendant hydantoin groups and pendant quaternary ammonium groups described herein represent a significant improvement over the polysiloxane polymers described in U.S. Patent No.
  • polysiloxane copolymers of the present invention can be rendered soluble in water for use in coating applications using a purely aqueous solvent.
  • Embodiments of the polysiloxane copolymers include both the precursor N-halamine and N-halamine hydantoinyl group.
  • the polysiloxane copolymers are rendered soluble by attaching a specific fraction of quaternary ammonium groups to the polysiloxane.
  • a polysiloxane copolymer is represented by the formula:
  • the quaternary ammonium group is represented by the formula:
  • the hydantoin group is represented by the formula:
  • R 1 is a Cl to C20 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 4 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 5 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 4 and R 5 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro-substituted cyclic group
  • L 1 is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • L 2 is a Cl to C 8 linker alkylene group
  • X is H, Cl, or Br
  • Air is a counteranion, such as Cl", Br", or OH"; n is a number representing a mole percent from 10% to 90%; and m is a number representing a mole percent from 10% to 90%.
  • the polysiloxane copolymer is substantially soluble in water, when m is a number representing at least 25% mole percent.
  • the polysiloxane copolymer may be a random polysiloxane copolymer wherein the hydantoin groups and quaternary ammonium groups are randomly attached to the polysiloxane copolymer.
  • biocidal coatings can inactivate pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeasts, as well as virus particles that can cause infectious diseases and those microorganisms that cause noxious odors and unpleasant coloring such as mildew.
  • the coatings are compatible with a wide variety of substrates including cellulose, chitin, chitosan, synthetic fibers, glass, ceramics, plastics, rubber, cement grout, latex caulk, porcelain, acrylic films, vinyl, polyurethanes, silicon tubing, marble, metals, metal oxides, and silica.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of rendering a surface or material biocidal by attaching the polysiloxane copolymers, when X in the structure above is chlorine or bromine, through reaction or interaction with the hydroxyl moieties.
  • Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of rendering a surface or material biocidal by attaching the polysiloxane copolymers when X in the structure above is hydrogen, through reaction or interaction with the hydroxyl moieties, and then exposing the modified surface to a source of oxidative chlorine or bromine.
  • FIGURE 1 is a graph of the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the homopolymers poly[3-(5,5-dimethylhydantoinylpropyl)siloxane] and poly[3-dimethyldodecylammoniumsiloxane chloride] and of the copolymer poly[3-(5 5 5-dimethylhydantoinylpropyl)siloxane-co-3-dimethyldodecylammoniumpropyl siloxane chloride];
  • FIGURE 2 is a scheme illustrating a method of making polysiloxane copolymers in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is a scheme illustrating a method of making polysiloxane copolymers in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymer refers to the compound having the structure:
  • R 1 is a C 1 to C20 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 4 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 5 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 4 and R 5 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro-substituted cyclic group
  • L 1 is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • L 2 is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • X is hydrogen
  • An " is a counteranion, such as Cl", Br, or OH"; n is a number representing a mole percent from 10% to 90%; and m is a number representing a mole percent from 10% to 90%.
  • the copolymer is weakly biocidal when the substituent X comprises a hydrogen atom. Mole percentages for the numbers n and m are based on the combined moles of hydantoin and quaternary ammonium moieties.
  • the polysiloxane copolymer may be a random polysiloxane copolymer wherein the hydantoin groups and quaternary ammonium groups are randomly attached to the silicon atoms on the polysiloxane copolymer.
  • halogenated polysiloxane copolymer refers to the compound having the structure:
  • R 1 is a Cl to C20 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 4 Is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 5 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 4 and R 5 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro-substituted cyclic group
  • L 1 is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • L 2 is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • X is Cl or Br
  • the copolymer is strongly biocidal when the substituent X comprises a chlorine or bromine atom.
  • the polysiloxane copolymer may be a random polysiloxane copolymer wherein the hydantoin groups and quaternary ammonium groups are randomly attached to the silicon atoms on the polysiloxane copolymer.
  • modified substrate refers to a substrate surface or substrate material to which a species having either of the structures described above has been attached through a reaction or interaction with the hydroxyl moieties, either through a covalent bond, such as an ether linkage, or through an adhesive interaction, such as hydrogen bonding or a physical attraction.
  • X in the hydantoinyl functional group is chlorine or bromine
  • the surface or material will be strongly biocidal.
  • X in the hydantoinyl functional group is hydrogen
  • the surface or material will be weakly biocidal, but the surface or material can be rendered strongly biocidal by exposing it to a source of oxidative chlorine or bromine.
  • Polysiloxane copolymers having pendant hydantoin groups and quaternary ammonium groups can be synthesized by reacting a poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer, such as poly(chloropropyltriethoxysilane) or poly(chloropropyltrimethoxysilane), with some fraction of an alkali metal salt of a 5,5-dialkylhydantoin, such as the potassium or sodium salt of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and some fraction of a tertiary amine, such as dodecyldimethylamine, in a solvent, such as dimethylformamide (DMF).
  • a poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer such as poly(chloropropyltriethoxysilane) or poly(chloropropyltrimethoxysilane)
  • the reactions of the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer with the alkali metal salt of a 5,5-dialkylhydantoin and the tertiary amine can be conducted via two paths.
  • the first is in two reaction steps using each nucleophile in sequence as illustrated in FIGURE 2.
  • the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer has haloalkyl groups that are reactive at the imide nitrogen of the 5,5-dialkylhydantoin as illustrated in FIGURE 1. Therefore, the hydantoin groups become attached to the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer via the imide nitrogen.
  • the amount of the alkali metal salt of the 5,5-dialkylhydantoin is controlled so that not all the haloalkyl groups of the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) become attached to hydantoin groups leaving unreacted haloalkyl groups.
  • a tertiary amine is reacted with the remaining unreacted haloalkyl groups of the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer that did not attach to hydantoin groups, thereby yielding the polysiloxane copolymer having both hydantoin groups and quaternary ammonium groups in a desired ratio.
  • Such sequential reactions to attach the hydantoins and tertiary amines to the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) can be carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as DMF, at temperatures of about lOCPC, and for about 5 or 8 hours, depending on the amount and type of reactant and the temperature.
  • a solvent such as DMF
  • FIGURE 3 A second path to the polysiloxane copolymer is illustrated in FIGURE 3.
  • the two nucleophilic compounds, hydantoins and tertiary amines are reacted simultaneously with the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer.
  • the haloalkyl groups can attach to either the hydantoin groups or the tertiary amine groups.
  • the respective amounts of the alkali metal salt of the 5,5-dialkylhydantoin and tertiary amine are controlled to provide the desired ratio in the polysiloxane copolymer product.
  • Such simultaneous reaction to attach the hydantoins and tertiary amines to the poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) can be carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as DMF, at temperatures of about IOCPC for about 12 hours, depending on the amount of reactants and the temperature.
  • a solvent such as DMF
  • the polysiloxane polymer will be soluble in purely aqueous media when the mole percent of quaternary ammonium groups is at least 25%, based on the combined moieties of hydantoinyl groups and quaternary ammonium groups.
  • the haloalkyltrialkoxysilane or a poly(haloalkyltrialkoxysilane) polymer, the alkali metal salt of a 5,5-dialkylhydantoin, the tertiary amine, and the solvent used in the synthesis of the polysiloxane copolymers are inexpensive and commercially available from vendors, such as Aldrich Chemical Company (Milwaukee, WI).
  • Unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers include the precursor N-halamine hydantoinyl groups. Unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers can be rendered biocidal by reacting the unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers dissolved in water at ambient temperature with free chlorine from sources such as gaseous chlorine, sodium hypochlorite bleach, calcium hypochlorite, chloroisocyanurates, and dichlorohydantoins. In the case of dichlorohydantoins, the chlorine moiety on the imide nitrogen should transfer to the more stable amide nitrogen of the hydantoinyl groups attached to the polysiloxane copolymer.
  • biocidal brominated polysiloxane copolymers can be prepared by exposing the unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers dissolved in an aqueous solution at ambient temperature to free bromine from sources such as molecular bromine liquid, sodium bromide in the presence of an oxidizer such as potassium peroxy monosulfate, and brominated hydantoins.
  • halogenation can also be effected in organic solvents employing free radical halogenating agents such as t-butyl hypochlorite.
  • the unhalogenated and halogenated polysiloxane copolymers have hydroxy groups attached to silicon atoms that allow the polysiloxane copolymers to be bound to a substrate surface or substrate material either through covalent bonding through an ether linkage or through an adhesive interaction, such as hydrogen bonding or a physical attraction, depending on the nature of the surface or material.
  • Modifying a substrate by attaching polysiloxane copolymers can be accomplished by exposing the substrate surface or substrate material to a solution of the unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers at temperatures in the range of 0 to 30CPC, more preferably, 20 to 15O 3 C 5 depending upon the nature of the surface or material.
  • the modification of substrates by attachment of polysiloxane copolymers can also be accomplished by exposing the substrate surface or substrate material to a solution of the halogenated polysiloxane copolymers at temperatures in the range of 0 to 60 3 C, more preferably 20 to 4CPC, depending upon the nature of the surface or material.
  • the solvent for the halogenated or unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers can be aqueous or organic materials, such as ethanol.
  • alcohols are less useful for dissolving the halogenated polysiloxane copolymers because alcohols partially protonate the nitrogen of the heterocyclic ring liberating halogen.
  • Base can also be added to the aqueous solutions to enhance the solubility of the polysiloxane copolymers.
  • Other additives can be introduced to the solutions of the polysiloxane copolymers to enhance binding to the substrate surface or materials, e.g., potassium thiocyanate for binding to cellulose.
  • the solutions containing the polysiloxane copolymers can be exposed to the substrate surfaces or materials by soaking, spraying, spreading, and the like.
  • the dried polysiloxane copolymer coating should be cured for 15 to 30 minutes at a slight or moderate elevated temperature (the value of which will depend upon the surface or material composition, e.g., 25 3 C for paper, 95 3 C for cotton fibers and glass, etc.).
  • the substrate surface or material can be rendered biocidal if the unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymers were employed in the coating process by exposure to a source of oxidative halogen, such as an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite bleach, calcium hypochlorite, chloroisocyanurates, and dichlorohydantoins, or an organic solution of t-butyl hypochlorite, for chlorination, or an aqueous solution of molecular bromine liquid, sodium bromide in the presence of an oxidizer such as potassium peroxy monosulfate, and brominated hydantoins, for bromination.
  • oxidative halogen such as an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite bleach, calcium hypochlorite, chloroisocyanurates, and dichlorohydantoins, or an organic solution of t-butyl hypochlorite, for chlorination, or an aqueous solution of molecular bromine liquid
  • an aqueous solution of 5 to 10% Clorox® can be used for efficient chlorination, which can be accomplished at ambient temperature by spraying or soaking the substrate surface or material.
  • the substrate surface or material should be allowed to dry in air at temperatures up to 4O 3 C (ambient temperature is preferable if time permits) and rinsed with water.
  • the substrate surface or material will then exhibit strong biocidal properties for various time periods dependent upon the composition of the substrate surface or material, the use pattern (contact with organisms and halogen demand), and the storage temperature, etc.
  • the bound halogen content becomes too low for efficient biocidal activity, the substrate surface or material can be recharged with halogen in the same manner as for the initial halogenation noted above. Even when all oxidative halogen is depleted, the surface will remain weakly biocidal due to the presence of the quaternary ammonium functional groups.
  • An alternate method of attaching biocidal moieties to substrates utilizing ,siloxane chemistry would be first to bond a haloalkyltrialkoxysilane containing a substituted electrophilic alkyl functional group to the substrate surface, either through covalent or adhesive interaction, and then second to bond the N-halamine or precursor N-halamine hydantoin and the tertiary amine to the already tethered haloalkyltrialkoxysilane through nucleophilic substitution reactions.
  • monomers of chloropropyltriethoxysilane could be used to simultaneously synthesize a polysiloxane polymer while binding the polymer to the surface in preparation for attaching hydantoinyl - and quaternary ammonium groups thereto.
  • the chloropropyl functionality thus tethered through the polysiloxane could be reacted with the alkali metal salt of a 5,5-dialkylhydantoin, such as 5,5-dimethylhydantoin, and a tertiary amine, such as dodecyldimethylamine, sequentially or simultaneously, and in the appropriate proportions to produce anchored precursor N-halamine hydantoinyl and quaternary ammonium groups to the surface.
  • the precursor N-halamine hydantoinyl groups could then be halogenated in situ, as described above, to render the surface biocidal.
  • Such reactions to attach the hydantoins and tertiary amines to a substrate tethered polysiloxane can be carried out in the presence of a solvent, such as DMF, at a temperature of about IOCPC for about 5 to 12 hours, depending on the amount and type of reactant, and whether the hydantoins and tertiary amines are being reacted sequentially or simultaneously.
  • a solvent such as DMF
  • Yet another means of attaching biocidal moieties to surfaces utilizing siloxane chemistry includes making polysiloxane copolymers by reacting monomers of a (3-alkyl-5,5-dialkylhydantoinyl)trialkoxysilane, such as
  • the respective amounts of monomers in the reaction are controlled to give a mole percent from 10% to 90% of hydantoinyl moieties and a mole percent from 10% to 90% of quaternary ammonium moieties in the polysiloxane copolymer.
  • Polysiloxane copolymers can then be anchored to a surface and then be halogenated in situ, as described above, to render the surface biocidal.
  • R is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • Ri is a C 1 to C20 alkyl group
  • R 2 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 3 is a Cl to C6 alkyl group
  • R 4 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group
  • R 5 is a Cl to C4 alkyl group or phenyl group; or R 4 and R 5 taken together with the carbon to which they are attached form a spiro-substituted cyclic group
  • Li is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • L 2 is a Cl to C8 linker alkylene group
  • X is H, Cl, or Br
  • An " is a counteranion, such as Cl", Br, or OH.
  • the mechanism of action of the biocidal surfaces and materials produced from the halogenated polysiloxane copolymers described herein are believed to be a result of surface contact of the organism with chlorine or bromine moieties covalently bound to the hydantoinyl functional groups on the bound polysiloxane copolymer, as well as with the quaternary ammonium functional groups.
  • the chlorine or bromine atoms are transferred to the cells of the microorganisms where they cause inactivation through a mechanism not completely understood, but probably involving oxidation of essential groups contained within the enzymes comprising the organisms.
  • the quaternary amine functional groups are weakly biocidal presumably due to cell-membrane disruption caused by the positively charged quaternary nitrogen.
  • a marked advantage of the biocidal surfaces and materials produced with the polysiloxane copolymers over prior technology is that they are much more effective biocidally against pathogenic microorganisms encountered in medical applications, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, than are commercial biocides, such as the pure quaternary ammonium salts, so they can serve a dual function, i.e., inactivation of disease-causing pathogens and of odor-causing microorganisms.
  • the polysiloxane copolymers will have widespread use in medical settings, such as hospitals, nursing facilities, and research laboratories.
  • polysiloxane copolymers are also useful for biocidal applications in a variety of other industrial settings as well as in the home.
  • surfaces and materials that can be made biocidal with polysiloxane copolymers include envelopes, surgical gowns and gloves, sheets, bandages, sponges, table and counter tops, glassware, plastic items, synthetic fibers, wood, chitin, chitosan, cement grout, latex caulk, porcelain, acrylic films, vinyl, polyurethanes, silicon tubing, marble, and metals.
  • any surface or material having an affinity to bond to a hydroxyl group through covalent bonding, hydrogen bonding or a physical attraction is a suitable candidate for rendering biocidal.
  • PCPS polymer poly(3-chloropropylsiloxane)(PCPS) prepared from the monomer 3-chloropropyltriethoxysilane (Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, WI). (See Worley, S.D., et al., Surf. Coat. Intern. Part B: Coat. Trans. 88, 93-99, 2005).
  • the homopolymer poly[3-(5,5-dimetliylhydantoinylpropyl)siloxane](PHS) was synthesized by reacting PCPS with the potassium salt of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, WI); characterization data (IH NMR (Bruker 400 MHz), IR (Shimadzu IR Prestige-21 FTIR); and EA (Atlantic Microlabs)) have been reported. (See Worley, S.D., et al, Surf. Coat. Intern. Part B: Coat. Trans. 88, 93-99, 2005). Yields, based upon a repeating unit, exceeded 95%.
  • the quaternary ammonium homopolymer poly[3-dimethyldodecylammoniumsiloxane chloride](PQS) was prepared by reacting PCPS with dimetliyldodecylamine (Aldrich Chemical Company, Milwaukee, WI) in a 1:1 molar ratio based upon a repeating unit of PCPS.
  • PCPS dimetliyldodecylamine
  • DMF dimethylformamide
  • the reaction mixture was stirred at IOCPC for 12 hours.
  • the polysiloxane copolymers poly[3-(5,5-dimethylhydantoinylpropyl)siloxane- co-3-dimethyldodecylammoniumpropylsiloxane chloride] (PHQS), were prepared by two different procedures. In a two-step process illustrated in FIGURE 2, the molar ratio of hydantoin salt and PCPS were controlled in the reaction of the first step, and then the molar ratio of dimethyldodecylamine and the product of the first step were controlled in the reaction of the second step to produce PHQS with a desired mole percent for hydantoin moieties and a mole percent for quaternary ammonium moieties.
  • the molecular weight of PHS does vary depending upon the preparation procedure (e.g., about 11,00O D using the method cited herein, but about 4000 D if a hydantoinylpropylsilane is polymerized in acidic solution); nevertheless, the biocidal properties of PHS do not seem to vary with molecular weight.
  • the various homopolymers and copolymers were coated onto the surfaces of cotton swatches (Style 400 Bleached 100% Cotton Print Cloth, Testfabrics, Inc., West Pittston, PA) by soaking the swatches in baths containing about 0.15 mol/L of each compound dissolved in distilled water for 15 minutes. Since PHS has very low solubility in water, a 1 : 1 w/w mixture of ethanol and water was used for this homopolymer; this procedure was also necessarily followed for the copolymer in FIGURE 2 in which the values of n and m were 3 and 1 , respectively. After the soaking procedure, the coated swatches were cured at 95°C for 1 hour and then further at 145°C for 20 minutes. Then the swatches were washed in 0.5% detergent solution for 15 minutes followed by several water rinses to remove any weakly bonded coating.
  • the coated cotton swatches were chlorinated by soaking them in a 10% aqueous solution of NaOCl household bleach (Clorox, Inc., Oakland, CA) buffered to pH 7 at ambient temperature for 45 minutes. The chlorinated swatches were washed with water and dried at 45 0 C for 1 hour to remove any occluded free chlorine. The loading of bound chlorine on the swatches was determined as described below. 4. ANALYTICAL TITRATION PROCEDURES
  • N and V are the normality (eqv/L) and volume (L), respectively, of the Na 2 S 2 O 3 consumed in the titration, and W is the weight in g of the cotton swatch sample.
  • PHQS was dissolved in 50 mL of 0.05 N acetic acid. To the solutions were added
  • N and V are the normality (eqv/L) and volume (L) consumed, respectively, of sodium tetraphenylborate solution
  • M is the molecular weight of a quaternary ammonium repeating unit
  • W is the weight in g of the PQS or PHQS sample.
  • One inch square cotton swatches some uncoated to serve as controls, others coated with PHS, but unchlorinated, to serve as a second type of control, and others coated with chlorinated PHS, chlorinated PHQS, or PQS, were rinsed thoroughly with water. All samples containing quaternary ammonium functional groups were vortexed for 30 seconds in 10 mL of distilled, deionized water to remove any occluded quaternary ammonium salt. These swatches were removed from the vortex tube, and the water was tested for the presence of eluted quaternary ammonium by adding 2 drops of 0.5% bromophenol blue indicator and 1 drop of 4 N acetic acid.
  • ATCC 6538 or Escherichia coli O157:H7 ATCC 43895 (American Type Culture Collection, Rockville, MD) using a "sandwich test.”
  • 25 ⁇ L of bacterial suspension was placed in the center of a swatch, and a second identical swatch was laid upon it, held in place by a sterile weight to insure good contact of the swatches with the inoculum.
  • the bacterial suspensions employed for the tests contained from 10 6 to 10 7 colony forming units (CFU), the actual number determined by counting after spread-plating on Trypticase soy agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, MI) plates.
  • CFU colony forming units
  • the various swatches were placed in sterile conical centrifuge tubes, each containing 5.0 mL of sterile distilled, deionized water, and vortexed for 15 seconds to remove bacteria. Then the swatches were removed, 50 ⁇ L of sterile 0.01 M sodium thiosulfate were added to quench any oxidative free chlorine which might have been present, and serial dilutions of the quenched solutions were plated on Trypticase soy agar. The plates were incubated at 37 3 C for 24 hours and then counted for viable CFU of bacteria.
  • N-halamine biocides are believed to involve direct transfer of oxidative halogen to the cell where cell inactivation occurs by an oxidation mechanism.
  • Gram negative bacteria such as E. coli O157:H7
  • Gram positive bacteria such as S. aureus
  • N-halamine polymer moieties does not involve dissociation of the N-Cl bond in aqueous solution to form "free chlorine" which then acts as the biocidal moiety; the concentration of free chlorine in solution is less than 0.2 mg/L, which is insufficient to cause inactivation of the pathogens in the contact times observed.
  • the polysiloxane copolymer does not solubilize from the cotton surface such that the bacteria are inactivated in solution rather than on the coated cotton surface, as evidenced by the test for quaternary ammonium content in solution discussed above. .
  • a quaternary ammonium functional group of trimethyl or triethyl ammonium chloride in PHQS renders the copolymer soluble in water at the IH: IQ level as well.
  • Such copolymers would be less expensive to prepare, but one of the alkyl groups necessarily must be C 12 to C 1S (dodecyl to octadecyl) in order for the quaternary ammonium functionality to provide any biocidal activity for the copolymer once oxidative chlorine is expended from the hydantoinyl functional group.
  • a Inoculum concentration was 3.33 X lO 6 CFU; see text for Cl + loadings.
  • Unchlorinated c Chlorinated; see text for loading.
  • d Inoculum concentration was 4.76 X 10 6 CFU; see text for Cl + loadings.
  • a Inoculum concentration was 4.18 X 10 CFU; see text for Cl + loadings.
  • d Inoculum concentration was 1.00 X 10 7 CFU; see text for Cl + loadings.
  • the potassium salt of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin was prepared according to a procedure similar to that outlined in Example 1 of U.S. Patent No. 6,969,769 reproduced herein below.
  • a one-liter, three-neck-round-bottom flask was fit with a condenser, dropping funnel, and thermometer.
  • a mixture of 500 mL of ethanol, 64.0 g (0.5 mol) of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (Acros, Inc.), and 28.0 g (0.5 mol) of potassium hydroxide was added to the flask.
  • the mixture was heated to the boiling point until the solution became clear.
  • the solid potassium salt of the 5,5-dimethylhydantoin was isolated by evaporation of the ethanol solvent and the water produced in the reaction under reduced pressure. This salt was dried under vacuum at 6O 3 C for four days to form the anhydrous potassium salt.
  • Polysiloxane copolymers can be prepared with different ratios of quaternary ammonium groups and hydantoin groups by simply controlling the ratio of hydantoin and tertiary amine reactants used in a sequential or simultaneous process.
  • a bath containing a 5 percent by weight aqueous solution of the unhalogenated polysiloxane copolymer prepared as described iri Section 2 (with equal loading of hydantoin and quaternary ammonium functional groups) was prepared.
  • Swatches of Style 400 Bleached 100% Cotton Print Cloth (Testfabrics, Inc.) were soaked in the bath for about 5 minutes and then cured at 9O 0 C for 2 hours. Following the curing process, the swatches were soaked in a 5% solution of Clorox® at ambient temperature for 45 minutes, rinsed with water, and dried at 45 0 C for 45 minutes.
  • the samples containing the unchlorinated copolymer coating caused log reductions of 3.3, 3.5, and 3.6 at the contact times of 15, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, indicating mild bactericidal efficacy due to the presence of the quaternary ammonium functional group.
  • the samples containing the unchlorinated copolymer coating caused log reductions of 0.3, 0.3, and 0.5 at the contact times of 15, 30, and 60 minutes, respectively, indicating very little loss of the bacteria t on the nonbiocidal control swatches.
  • the chlorinated cotton swatches possessed good biocidal activity, and since the polysiloxane copolymer can be applied from aqueous solution, the coating material should have advantages over pure hydantoinyl siloxane coating materials that are soluble only in organic or organic/water solutions. Furthermore, polysiloxane copolymers are much more biocidally efficacious than a pure quaternary ammonium siloxane coating.
  • Examples 1 and 2 demonstrate that hydantoinyl/quaternary ammonium polysiloxane copolymers can be prepared that are adequately soluble in water to be used for coating cotton swatches.
  • the swatches possessed biocidal efficacy against Gram positive S. aureus as a result of the quaternary ammonium functional group alone, as well as with the chlorinated hydantoinyl functional group present (greater than 6 logs within 30 seconds contact).
  • Gram negative E. co ⁇ i O157H:7 the presence of the chlorinated hydantoinyl functional group was necessary to achieve 6 to 7 log inactivation within 1 to 10 minutes contact.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne des copolymères aléatoires N-halamine/ammonium quaternaire précurseurs solubles dans l'eau permettant de fonctionnaliser des surfaces ou des matériaux de façon à les rendre biocides lors de l'exposition à des solutions d'halogène oxydantes. La fonction biocide peut être conférée à la fraction N-halamine précurseur soit avant soit après la liaison au siloxane ou l'adhésion à la surface ou au matériau. Les surfaces et matériaux biocides peuvent ensuite être utilisés pour inactiver des microorganismes pathogènes tels que des bactéries, des champignons et des levures, ainsi que des particules de virus, qui peuvent provoquer des maladies infectieuses, et des microorganismes qui peuvent provoquer des odeurs nocives et une coloration déplaisante tel que le mildiou. Les surfaces et de matériaux qui peuvent être rendus biocides comprennent, sans y être limités, la cellulose, la chitine, le chitosan, les fibres synthétiques, le verre, les céramiques, les matières plastiques, le caoutchouc, le coulis au ciment, les joints matés de latex, la porcelaine, les films acryliques, les vinyliques, les polyuréthanes, les tubes de silicone, le marbre, les métaux, les oxydes de métal et la silice.
EP06851123A 2005-08-11 2006-08-08 Copolymeres n-halamine/polysiloxane ammonium quaternaire Withdrawn EP1919981A4 (fr)

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US70743805P 2005-08-11 2005-08-11
PCT/US2006/030909 WO2007120173A2 (fr) 2005-08-11 2006-08-08 Copolymeres n-halamine/polysiloxane ammonium quaternaire

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US8496920B2 (en) * 2011-01-13 2013-07-30 Auburn University N-halamine acrylamide monomers and copolymers thereof for biocidal coatings
CA2869634C (fr) * 2012-05-17 2018-11-27 University Of Manitoba Composes biocides et procedes d'utilisation associes
US20140154297A1 (en) * 2012-10-30 2014-06-05 Baxter Healthcare S.A. Antimicrobial substrates and methods for processing the same
CN103193903A (zh) * 2013-04-19 2013-07-10 上海师范大学 含有季铵盐和卤胺或卤胺前置体官能团的杀菌聚合物及其制备方法和应用
AT515029B1 (de) 2013-10-21 2015-12-15 Polymer Competence Ct Leoben Kontaktbiozide auf Basis von Poly(oxazin)en, Poly(oxazpein)en und Poly(oxazozin)en
JP6096704B2 (ja) * 2014-03-31 2017-03-15 富士フイルム株式会社 熱もしくは光硬化性組成物、並びに、それを用いた絶縁膜及び薄膜トランジスタ
WO2017079825A1 (fr) 2015-11-13 2017-05-18 Exigence Technologies Inc. Monomères, polymères et formulations de revêtement qui comprennent au moins un précurseur de n-halamine, un centre cationique et un groupe d'incorporation de revêtement
CN109316622B (zh) * 2017-07-31 2022-03-25 苏州佰济生物科技有限公司 氯化壳聚糖抗菌材料及其制备方法和应用
CN109912801A (zh) * 2019-03-18 2019-06-21 山东交通学院 一种含季铵盐功能化聚硅氧烷及其合成方法
CN113336783B (zh) * 2021-06-22 2022-07-15 山东科技大学 具有表面迁移特性的多官能团硅烷杀菌剂及其制备和应用
CN115670041B (zh) * 2022-10-24 2025-09-05 江苏苏美达轻纺科技产业有限公司 一种多卤胺与季胺盐协同的有机抗菌羽绒服
CN116606402B (zh) * 2023-05-25 2023-11-17 西北师范大学 一种含两性离子的聚卤胺自组装抗菌纳米微球的制备方法
CN116535859B (zh) * 2023-07-06 2023-08-25 汕头市永昌钦发针织实业有限公司 一种柔性亲肤硅胶及其制备方法和在硅胶内衣中的应用

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FR2798847B1 (fr) * 1999-09-29 2001-11-23 Oreal Composition de traitement antipelliculaire des cheveux et du cuir chevelu, a base d'un agent antipelliculaire et d'un terpolymere acrylique
US6969769B2 (en) * 2002-06-14 2005-11-29 Vanson Halosource, Inc. N-halamine siloxanes for use in biocidal coatings and materials
US7335373B2 (en) * 2003-11-17 2008-02-26 Auburn University Biocidal siloxane coating material containing N-halogenated amine and amide functional groups

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11560487B2 (en) 2020-09-22 2023-01-24 Swimc Llc Coating compositions containing low molecular weight chitosan composition
US12398278B2 (en) 2020-09-22 2025-08-26 Swimc Llc Chitosan-containing coating compositions
US12421402B2 (en) 2020-09-22 2025-09-23 Swimc Llc Coating compositions containing low molecular weight chitosan composition

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WO2007120173A2 (fr) 2007-10-25
TW200734406A (en) 2007-09-16
CA2618732A1 (fr) 2007-10-25
EP1919981A4 (fr) 2012-04-04

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