EP1920230A1 - Procede et dispositif pour evaluer le degre de nuisance de bruits de type grincement(s) - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour evaluer le degre de nuisance de bruits de type grincement(s)

Info

Publication number
EP1920230A1
EP1920230A1 EP06764096A EP06764096A EP1920230A1 EP 1920230 A1 EP1920230 A1 EP 1920230A1 EP 06764096 A EP06764096 A EP 06764096A EP 06764096 A EP06764096 A EP 06764096A EP 1920230 A1 EP1920230 A1 EP 1920230A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
determined
size
squeaking
value
bonisqueal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06764096A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fawzi Attia
Michael Fischer
Winfried Keiper
Thomas Zoeller
Uwe Bretz
Mats Karlsson
Uwe Martin
Michael Raquet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1920230A1 publication Critical patent/EP1920230A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T17/00—Component parts, details, or accessories of power brake systems not covered by groups B60T8/00, B60T13/00 or B60T15/00, or presenting other characteristic features
    • B60T17/18—Safety devices; Monitoring
    • B60T17/22—Devices for monitoring or checking brake systems; Signal devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/0006—Noise or vibration control
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M17/00—Testing of vehicles
    • G01M17/007—Wheeled or endless-tracked vehicles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for assessing the annoyance or disturbance or the degree of disturbance of squeaking noises or the annoyance of substantially montonal noise within a generated during operation of a motor vehicle or the operation of one of its components sound signal in which the presence of at least one squeaking noise is detected, this at least one squeaking noise is evaluated in terms of at least two predetermined features and from the at least two assessments of this at least one squeaking noise a the annoyance of this at least one squeaking noise characterizing size is determined.
  • squeaking noises are brake squeaking noises.
  • Squeaky brakes prove to be a major noise annoyance for both the environment and the driver.
  • the squeaking noise is detected by finding a maximum in an amplitude spectrum of the sound signal and that the at least two features are taken from the following feature list, which as characteristics - the length of time of the squeaking noise,
  • - contains the product of the time length and the specific loudness of the signal.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that for each of the at least two features in the at least one squeaking noise, a single evaluation number is determined - from the at least two determined individual evaluation numbers the annoyance of
  • Squeaking characterizing size is determined.
  • the individual score indicates, for each squeal sound, how significant it is to identify annoyance for each feature.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that that the at least one squeaking noise is at least one brake squeaking noise occurring during a single braking operation,
  • Squeaking during braking determined.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the linkage is an addition, in particular a weighted addition.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the Einzelunavimaschines survive from the first intermediate size according to the relationship
  • bonisqueal where a, b and c are selectable parameters, OV is the first intermediate size, and bonisqueal is the single nuisance size. Due to the selectability of a, b and c, there are 3 degrees of freedom available for the most objective and meaningful determination of bonisqueal. - A -
  • the single lump size is set to the value 1, if for the lump size a value less than 1 is determined and
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that - at least two braking operations are performed
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the predetermined condition is the undershooting of a threshold value, in particular of the threshold value 9.5, by the particular individual annoyance variable.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that it is a monotonically decreasing characteristic in the characteristic.
  • the total noise magnitude is rounded to the nearest integer value and - the total noise magnitude is set to the value 1, if for the
  • the invention comprises a device containing means for carrying out the methods of the preceding claims.
  • the drawing consists of Figures 1 to 5.
  • FIG. 1 shows an evaluation scale in which the relationship between an evaluation number indicating the annoyance of a squeaking noise and the degree of annoyance is indicated.
  • Figure 2 shows in a schematic way the extraction of features from a
  • FIG. 3 shows by way of example a correction term in the ordinate direction.
  • the size NP is shown in the abscissa direction, ie the ratio of squeaky braking processes and the total number of braking operations in%.
  • FIG. 4 shows the frequency response of different evaluation filters as a function of the frequency.
  • Fig. 5 shows the basic sequence of the method according to the invention.
  • the invention consists in a method for the objective evaluation of the annoyance of in particular brake-excited squeaking noises.
  • the evaluation is carried out on a ten-part scale with discrete levels from 1 to 10.
  • the calculated index also called “Brake Objective Noise Index Squeal” or “BONI-Squeal”
  • BNI-Squeal has, in relation to the perceived annoyance, a high degree of agreement with human perception.
  • Characteristics from the time signal of a squeaking noise is formed by combining these characteristics of the weighting index.
  • Such an index can be used for example in the application or the final acceptance of motor vehicle brakes.
  • vehicles are often driven by test drivers on defined test tracks and brake noise, especially squeaking, assessed subjectively. This can lead to strong deviations between the ratings of different drivers as well as between the ratings of the same driver, although physically identical squeak signals are present.
  • the invention makes it possible, by processing recorded airborne sound signals, to calculate an evaluation index which corresponds to the average perceived annoyance of the noise.
  • This rating index already allows a reliable and objective statement about the noise quality of a brake during the application phase. The high correlation of the Evaluation index of the average annoyance sensation of humans was proven in extensive hearing tests.
  • the method provides a rating index for the annoyance of especially decelerated squealing noises, which can take values of 1 to 10 on an ordinal scale.
  • the individual values have the meanings shown in FIG. 1, with a higher value indicating lower annoyance in each case.
  • x (t) may be e.g. a microphone signal from the
  • the squeaking noises in x (t) must be recognized by a suitable method and described according to their frequency-time structure.
  • Nq is the number of squeaking events.
  • Braking can occur several squeaking events.
  • M For each squeak occurrence q found, M will have different characteristics Mqi for one
  • Fig. 2 plotted in the ordinate an airborne sound signal x (t) over the pointing in the abscissa t time. Between times tqstart and tqend, the presence of a squeak signal was detected. Therefore, between these two times the signal is denoted by xq (t). During this time segment, i. during the presence of the squeaking event, various characteristics Mqi are calculated for the squeak signal. Some of these features result from linking already calculated features, e.g. through their multiplication.
  • MqO duration of squeaking event q.
  • Mq2 A-weighted maximum level Lqpeak (A) from peak spectrum 4) Mq3: specific loudness Ns according to ISO 532 B or DIN 45631
  • A-weighting is understood to mean the multiplication of a spectrum by the A-weighting curve shown in FIG.
  • a relative sound pressure level in dB over the frequency in Hz is plotted in FIG.
  • the A rating curve is marked A.
  • This curve takes into account the frequency dependence of the human volume perception. For example, a low frequency such as 50 Hz is only noticeable at a much higher sound pressure level than a tone at 1000 Hz. If a spectrum is weighted with an A curve, then low and high tones are attenuated and frequencies around 1000-6000 Hz hardly changed. The levels in the A-weighted spectrum at different frequencies are then directly comparable in terms of their volume perception by humans. As a concrete example, consider an unweighted spectrum with the following two tones included therein:
  • both tones are perceived as equally loud at a respective A-weighted level of 20 dB.
  • the loudness Ns is another quantity that reflects the loudness perception of humans.
  • the spectrum of a time signal can be calculated by dividing the time signal into sections of equal length, for each of which a spectrum is calculated. The sections may overlap and, to improve the results, they may be weighted with a window function before the spectrum is calculated. The total spectrum of the signal is then calculated by averaging the individual spectra by averaging all values at the same frequency. In contrast to this, one obtains a peak value spectrum from the individual spectra referred to, by searching for the maximum value for each frequency in each spectrum and then applying this accordingly in the resulting peak spectrum.
  • a smoothed spectrum is formed by arithmetic averaging the sound pressure level of the unsmoothed spectrum in frequency intervals of one third.
  • the level of this smoothed spectrum which is also referred to as a third octave spectrum, is also called
  • FFT Fast Fourier Transform
  • Time window 50%, weighting with Hanning window.
  • the combining takes place in each case by adding all the features Mqi of the type i to a feature sum which is normalized with the feature-specific factor Ci and thus the normalized feature sum FSi
  • FSi Ci * ⁇ q (Mqi), results.
  • Ci typically takes values between 0.01 and 1.
  • ⁇ q denotes a summation over all squeaking events q.
  • a feature sum FSi that is to say FSO, FS1,..., FS6. It should be emphasized here that the sum FSi can also extend only over a squeak event, ie the feature sum comprises only one
  • bonisqueal is defined for values of 1 to 10 so that the value calculated by Equation (1) is set to 1 if Equation (1) gives a result less than 1 and set to 10 if (1) on Result greater than 10 delivers.
  • a, b and c are selectable parameters. Ki typically takes values between 1 and 10.
  • the size bonisqueal is the rating for the annoyance of a single squeaking noise or a series of squeaking noises.
  • Session rating index sessionbonisqueal considered. For example, all braking operations during a test period or test day can be considered.
  • the ratio of all decelerating related braking events is determined based on the total number of braking operations during the test period or test day.
  • the value in% determined for this ratio is called NP.
  • CORRECTION is determined in the following, which is the arithmetic
  • the value 100 means that squeaking noises occurred during all braking operations.
  • the value of the correction factor CORRECTION is plotted.
  • the 6 supporting points entered as black dots in the diagram were determined on the basis of experimental experiments:
  • This correction term is added to the not yet integerized or truncated at 1 or 10 size bonisqueal and then the sum is rounded to integer values. Further, the sum is set to 1, if it assumes a value less than 1 is set to 10, if this assumes a value greater than 10.
  • This integer value truncated at 1 and 10 which is referred to as the session bonus, also represents an objective index that assesses the annoyance of squeaking noises. This index is shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 5 The sequence of the method according to the invention is shown in FIG. 5.
  • at least one braking operation is investigated in block 501 and evaluated with regard to the squeaking behavior.
  • each detected squeaking sound is evaluated with regard to 6 features MqI,..., Mq6.
  • a feature evaluation number FSi is formed by linking the individual evaluation numbers formed with each squeaking sound for this characteristic.
  • a first intermediate variable OV is determined from the feature evaluation numbers FSi by a weighted addition.
  • the size bonisqueal is determined in block 505 according to the specified relationship (1). This represents a measure of the annoyance of the squeaking noise that has occurred during the braking process.
  • a query is then made as to whether the evaluation should only extend over one braking operation. If the answer, yes "(in Fig. 5 with” y "marked), ie it is considered only one braking operation, then directly to
  • NP f
  • the size sessionbonisqueal is determined therefrom, which is the total noise size for the squeaking noises occurring during the braking processes.
  • the process ends.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour évaluer le degré de nuisance de bruits de type grincements dans un signal sonore généré pendant le fonctionnement d'un véhicule automobile ou pendant le fonctionnement d'un des composants de ce véhicule automobile. Le procédé selon l'invention consiste : à détecter la présence d'au moins un bruit de type grincement ; à évaluer au moins deux caractéristiques prédéterminées de ce(s) bruit(s) de type grincement(s), et ; à déterminer une grandeur caractérisant le degré de nuisance de ce(s) bruit(s) de type grincement(s), en fonction de ladite évaluation.
EP06764096A 2005-08-25 2006-07-06 Procede et dispositif pour evaluer le degre de nuisance de bruits de type grincement(s) Ceased EP1920230A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005040193 2005-08-25
DE102005052630A DE102005052630A1 (de) 2005-08-25 2005-11-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bewertung der Lästigkeit von Quietschgeräuschen
PCT/EP2006/063957 WO2007023017A1 (fr) 2005-08-25 2006-07-06 Procede et dispositif pour evaluer le degre de nuisance de bruits de type grincement(s)

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1920230A1 true EP1920230A1 (fr) 2008-05-14

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06764096A Ceased EP1920230A1 (fr) 2005-08-25 2006-07-06 Procede et dispositif pour evaluer le degre de nuisance de bruits de type grincement(s)

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090296945A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1920230A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009504507A (fr)
DE (1) DE102005052630A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007023017A1 (fr)

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ITTO20130307A1 (it) 2013-04-17 2014-10-18 Itt Italia Srl Metodo per realizzare un elemento frenante, in particolare una pastiglia freno, sensorizzato, pastiglia freno sensorizzata, impianto frenante di veicolo e metodo associato
US9939035B2 (en) 2015-05-28 2018-04-10 Itt Italia S.R.L. Smart braking devices, systems, and methods
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ITUB20153706A1 (it) 2015-09-17 2017-03-17 Itt Italia Srl Dispositivo frenante per veicolo pesante e metodo di prevenzione del surriscaldamento dei freni in un veicolo pesante
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102005052630A1 (de) 2007-03-01
US20090296945A1 (en) 2009-12-03
JP2009504507A (ja) 2009-02-05
WO2007023017A1 (fr) 2007-03-01

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