EP1925470A2 - Suspension de roue - Google Patents

Suspension de roue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1925470A2
EP1925470A2 EP07112586A EP07112586A EP1925470A2 EP 1925470 A2 EP1925470 A2 EP 1925470A2 EP 07112586 A EP07112586 A EP 07112586A EP 07112586 A EP07112586 A EP 07112586A EP 1925470 A2 EP1925470 A2 EP 1925470A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bolt
bolt head
stop
wheel
wheel carrier
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07112586A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1925470B1 (fr
EP1925470A3 (fr
Inventor
Edmund Halfmann
Joerg Weshendorff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Original Assignee
Ford Global Technologies LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ford Global Technologies LLC filed Critical Ford Global Technologies LLC
Publication of EP1925470A2 publication Critical patent/EP1925470A2/fr
Publication of EP1925470A3 publication Critical patent/EP1925470A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1925470B1 publication Critical patent/EP1925470B1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G7/00—Pivoted suspension arms; Accessories thereof
    • B60G7/008—Attaching arms to unsprung part of vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G21/00—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces
    • B60G21/02—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected
    • B60G21/04—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically
    • B60G21/05—Interconnection systems for two or more resiliently-suspended wheels, e.g. for stabilising a vehicle body with respect to acceleration, deceleration or centrifugal forces permanently interconnected mechanically between wheels on the same axle but on different sides of the vehicle, i.e. the left and right wheel suspensions being interconnected
    • B60G21/055—Stabiliser bars
    • B60G21/0551—Mounting means therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2200/00—Indexing codes relating to suspension types
    • B60G2200/10—Independent suspensions
    • B60G2200/14—Independent suspensions with lateral arms
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/12—Mounting of springs or dampers
    • B60G2204/122—Mounting of torsion springs
    • B60G2204/1224—End mounts of stabiliser on wheel suspension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/10—Mounting of suspension elements
    • B60G2204/14—Mounting of suspension arms
    • B60G2204/148—Mounting of suspension arms on the unsprung part of the vehicle, e.g. wheel knuckle or rigid axle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2204/00—Indexing codes related to suspensions per se or to auxiliary parts
    • B60G2204/40—Auxiliary suspension parts; Adjustment of suspensions
    • B60G2204/44—Centering or positioning means
    • B60G2204/4404—Retainers for holding a fixing element, e.g. bushing, nut, bolt etc., until it is tightly fixed in position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60G—VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS
    • B60G2206/00—Indexing codes related to the manufacturing of suspensions: constructional features, the materials used, procedures or tools
    • B60G2206/01—Constructional features of suspension elements, e.g. arms, dampers, springs
    • B60G2206/50—Constructional features of wheel supports or knuckles, e.g. steering knuckles, spindle attachments

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a suspension which has at least one transverse link and a wheel carrier, wherein the wheel carrier has a connecting element penetrated by a bolt for connection to the transverse link.
  • Such suspensions are known, wherein z. B. a spring link is connected as a wishbone with its connection end to the wheel.
  • the wheel carrier is exemplified bifurcated on its attachment element, wherein in its fork legs each holes are arranged through which a bolt is inserted. The bolt projects beyond the fork legs, so that a mother is screwed onto the protruding free ends, so that the spring link is adequately secured or clamped by screwing the nuts on the respective projecting free end of the bolt between the two fork legs.
  • the DE 101 08 686 A1 relates to a fastening arrangement of a cardanically pivotable first component of a motor vehicle, in particular a telescopic shock absorber on a second component with a defined mounting plane, in particular a handlebar of a wheel suspension of the motor vehicle.
  • the first component can be fastened to the second component via a fastening eye and a rubber-metal sleeve bearing with a bearing pin and attachment tabs integrally formed thereon.
  • the fastening tabs are aligned asymmetrically to the bearing pin to compensate for a plane extending obliquely to the bearing center axis mounting plane.
  • the DE 197 20 639 A1 also discloses a bearing assembly for a pivotable component, in particular for a handlebar of a suspension for motor vehicles, with a component-side bearing sleeve, a bearing sleeve penetrating, end attachment points bearing pin and an intermediate rubber-elastic bearing element. At least one of the end attachment points is a protruding into the bearing pin screw with an eye-shaped head.
  • a suspension for a driven front axle of a motor vehicle with a body-side held stabilizer known, which is connected via a hinge with a hanger and another joint with a wheel carrier.
  • the hanger consists of a bent arm, which includes between the joints a space for a transverse wheel drive shaft extending in the longitudinal and longitudinal directions at a distance from the arm.
  • the arm is set in the vehicle longitudinal direction.
  • the wheel carrier-side joint is located above the wheel rotational axis in a steering axle formed by an upper strut support bearing and a lower wishbone bearing.
  • the DE 39 09 942 A1 discloses a suspension for the front wheels of a motor vehicle with articulated on a wheel carrier upper and lower control arm and a spring damper element, which is connected to the upper arm and is supported on the vehicle body.
  • the spring damper element is supported between the upper and lower control arms on a bearing lever in a bearing.
  • the bearing lever is pivotally held on a control arm and guided over a body side mounted control lever.
  • a suspension for a motor vehicle in particular a wishbone axle with a damper or strut known which is supported on the body side and connected to an upper control arm, wherein arranged between the wheel and the upper control arm an intermediate member and fixed to the damper strut connected is.
  • a joint is arranged between the intermediate member and the wheel carrier, on the other hand a bearing is arranged between the intermediate member and the transverse link. The hinge and the bearing are spaced apart from the damper shaft arranged approximately in a plane, wherein the plane is approximately perpendicular to the damper or strut axis.
  • the US 3,819,202 deals with a suspension system of a motor vehicle with a camber and Vorspureingnagnally.
  • the US 4,875,703 and EP 0 312 997 B1 deal with a double link suspension, which has a stabilizer bar.
  • the suspension includes a wheel carrier, a lower control arm and an extension member movably connected to a first end relative to an upper portion of the wheel carrier, the suspension further comprising an upper stabilizer and a shock absorber, the stabilizer bar being connected to the extension member.
  • the DE 198 05 810 A1 discloses a connector for connecting a torsional stabilizer to a component of a vehicle wheel suspension, wherein the connector transmits forces between the torsion stabilizer and the component and permits angular movement therebetween.
  • a first ball joint assembly is fixedly connected to a second ball joint assembly.
  • a first end of the first ball joint assembly is connected to the torsion stabilizer, the other end being fixedly connected to the one end of the second ball joint assembly.
  • the other end of the second ball joint assembly is connected to the component of the suspension.
  • the invention has for its object to improve a suspension of the type mentioned in simple terms to the effect that this is cheaper and easier, especially space-saving to produce.
  • the object is achieved in that the connecting element has a stop on a, a bolt head associated leg, and that the bolt head has a stop corresponding to the stop.
  • a positive connection in the context of the invention is a compound in which the two connection partners with a respective associated surface against rotation against each other.
  • the bolt head can be positively applied to the associated leg of the connection element, is conveniently provided that the bolt head has a arranged on its the attachment element associated attachment side flange on which the counter-stop is arranged.
  • the flange is expediently made substantially circular, wherein the counter-abutment is excluded as a circular section of the flange, wherein the stop on the bolt head associated leg is designed as a circle-section elevation.
  • the stop on a raised base surface on which a mating base surface of the counter-stop applies.
  • the bolt has an extension on its bolt head, in which a bore for receiving a Radismes a coupling strut is arranged.
  • the coupling strut for example, connect a bar stabilizer directly to the wheel carrier.
  • the coupling strut is connected with its stabilizer end with the anti-roll bar, wherein the Radismeende the coupling strut is advantageously hinged to the extension.
  • the bolt thus has a double function.
  • the bolt is used for fastening, for example, the Spring link to the wheel.
  • the bolt is brought with its bolt head or its counter stop in abutment with the stop of the associated leg of the connecting element, on the other side screw on the bolt only a single screw or nut is screwed so that the example of said spring link sufficiently firmly connected to the wheel or can be jammed.
  • the bolt is due to the advantageous embodiment with its extension for receiving a coupling strut to connect, for example, a bar stabilizer directly to the wheel.
  • the coupling strut can be inclined or arranged at an angle from its wheel carrier end to the stabilizer end.
  • the coupling strut may be inclined in the vehicle longitudinal direction such that its stabilizer end is arranged closer to a vehicle front than its Radismeende.
  • the coupling strut may be arranged inclined so that its stabilizer end, seen in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle closer to a vehicle central axis is arranged as their Radméende.
  • the coupling strut extends from its seen in the vertical direction of the motor vehicle below the Radunende to their seen in the vertical direction above stabilizer end at least in a solid angle.
  • the coupling strut but also connect a bar stabilizer directly to the wheel, without the coupling strut has an angularly arranged course from its Radméende to its stabilizer end.
  • the example of said spring link can be sufficiently firmly connected to the wheel, it is advantageously provided that the bolt has a pin head opposite plug-in end, on which an external thread is arranged. On the external thread, the single nut is screwed, so that the example of said spring link is sufficiently firmly connected to the wheel or clamped.
  • the bolt from its bolt head in the direction of his Plug-in end is designed with a continuous outer diameter, wherein the plug-in end is made frustoconical.
  • the plug-in end is made frustoconical.
  • the cooperating stops and counter-stops cause a rotationally secure mounting of the bolt. especially when screwing.
  • the extension is arranged in a desired or predefinable mounting position for coupling strut. The required installation position is determined by the arrangement of the counter-attack and the stop.
  • the bolt has a cone-shaped thickening at its Bolzenkopf Scheme, which tapers from the bolt head towards a mating end of the bolt.
  • the bolt is drawn with its conical thickening in the screw into the bore, so that a quasi cone seat is provided.
  • the existing bolt must be replaced with an existing suspension for service or repair reasons.
  • the toe-in should be favorably influenced by the existing suspension, it is conceivable that the bolt has in its embodiment with the conical thickening at its bolt head the above-mentioned extension, so that, for example, a bar stabilizer via the coupling strut is directly connectable to the wheel carrier.
  • the bolt can of course in addition to the conical thickening also have the flange with the counter-stop, which can then cooperate with the corresponding stop on the connection element. Due to the advantageous arrangement of the extension, on the bolt head can thus be dispensed with a separate connection, for example, a separate welding connection of an extension designed as a single part with the wheel or its connecting element for connecting the coupling strut to the wheel.
  • the bolt can therefore be advantageously carried out in different configurations.
  • the bolt in a preferred embodiment on its bolt head have the counter-stop and the extension made integrally with the bolt.
  • the bolt can also have only the conical thickening at its bolt head area, so that it is also ensured here that only a single screw connection is required for sufficient fixing of the exemplary spring link to the wheel carrier. It is also conceivable, however, a combination of the two aforementioned embodiments, so that on the one hand the bolt head on its flange has the counter-stop and the extension made integrally with the bolt or the bolt head, at the same time the conical thickening can be provided in the bolt head area.
  • connection element is fork-like executed with two fork legs, in each of which a bore is introduced, which is penetrated by the bolt.
  • the connecting element is advantageously made in one piece with the wheel carrier, wherein the two fork legs are substantially flexible, so that in the direction of the exemplified spring link, which is arranged between the two fork legs, pulled by the positive locking screw, whereby a sufficient determination of Spring link is accessible.
  • the bolt can have the advantageous dual function, e.g. to connect a stabilizer bar via a coupling strut directly to the wheel carrier.
  • the compound of the exemplified spring link is combined with the wheel carrier and the anti-roll bar via the coupling strut in a single component. This installation costs are reduced in comparison to the prior art, which also reduces a required installation space with additional material such as bolts and nuts is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example a wheel suspension 1 which has at least one transverse link 2 and one wheel carrier 3.
  • the wheel carrier 3 has a connecting element 6 penetrated by a bolt 4 (FIG. 4) for connection to the transverse link 2.
  • the suspension shown by way of example 1 is a rear suspension of a motor vehicle, not shown. Further, in Figure 1, further suspension elements of the suspension 1 are not shown for clarity.
  • the wheel carrier 3 is made of a casting integral with the connecting element 6.
  • the wheel carrier 3 may of course be formed from a sheet metal.
  • the connecting element 6 is fork-like with two fork legs 7, 8 executed, in each of which a bore 9 ( Figure 3) is introduced, which is penetrated by the pin 4.
  • connection element 6 has a stop 11.
  • the stop 11 is designed as a circular section elevation and arranged at a wheel carrier 3 facing end 12.
  • a base surface 13 of the stop 11 is perpendicular in a vertical direction.
  • the stop 11 may be arranged in any other suitable position on the fork leg 7, wherein the base surface 13 but should be oriented to the bore 9 in any case.
  • stop 11 can also be arranged as a circular section-like depression on the associated fork leg 7. Further, the stopper 11 may of course be arranged either on the fork leg 7 or on the opposite fork leg 8. For the preparation of the stop 11 this can be specified in the mold or machined.
  • the bolt 4 shown by way of example in FIG. 3 has a bolt head 14 and an adjoining plug-in end 16.
  • the bolt head 14 has a flange 17, to which a preferably plate-like extension 18 connects.
  • a bore 20 is introduced in the extension 18.
  • the flange 17 is designed substantially circular, with a countersunk executed counterpart stop 19 is excluded from the flange 17.
  • the counter-stop 19 is executed corresponding to the stop 11, wherein the counter-stop 19 has a corresponding to the base surface 13 of the stop 13 formed counter-base surface 21.
  • the bolt 4 has at its bolt head portion 22 a cone-shaped thickening 23, which tapers from the bolt head 14 and the flange 17 in the direction of its plug end 16.
  • an external thread is arranged so that a nut 24 ( Figure 4) can be screwed onto the mating end 16.
  • the plug-in end 16 is made frustoconical.
  • the Radmoiende 27 of the coupling strut 24 is exemplified a ball socket joint with a screw 29 assigned so that the bolt 29 inserted through the bore 20 in the extension 18 and bolted kraftformschlüssig with the extension 18 and thus directly can be connected to the wheel carrier 3.
  • the bolt 4 has a dual function.
  • the bolt 4 is used for sufficient determination of the exemplified wishbone 2, which is designed in the illustrated embodiment as a spring link, and on the other to connect, for example, the anti-roll bar 27 via the coupling strut 24 with the wheel 3.
  • the connection of the anti-roll bar 27th directly with the wheel carrier 3 can eg a Vorspurkurve the suspension 1 are favorably influenced, with an unillustrated angled arrangement of the coupling strut 24 may be provided.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the bolt 4.
  • the bolt 4 according to the embodiment of Figure 5 no cone-shaped thickening 23, but a continuous outer diameter. Otherwise, the bolt 4 corresponds to the embodiment according to FIG. 5 of the embodiment according to FIG. 3.
  • the bolt 4 can be inserted through the holes 9, so that the counter-stop 19 with its counter base 21 on the stop 11 with his Base surface 13 is present.
  • the nut 24 is screwed onto the male end 16.
  • the wishbone 2 is sufficiently firmly connected to the wheel carrier 3 and clamped by the two fork legs 7 and 8. If the bolt 4 has the conical thickening 23, this is drawn into the fork leg 24 by the screwing of the plug end 16 with the nut 24, so that there is virtually a conical seat. Stop 11 and counter stop 19 can also come into engagement.
  • the coupling strut 24 can be connected to its Radismeende 28, in which the bolt 29 of the exemplary ball socket element is inserted through the hole 19 in the extension and screwed.
  • the stabilizer end 26 of the stabilizer bar 27 may already be mounted.
  • the bolt 4 thus has a double function.
  • the coupling strut 24 can be articulated on the bolt 4 or its preferably integrally formed with this projection 16.
  • a compound of the wishbone 2 and the exemplary spring link with the wheel carrier 3 and the stabilizer bar 27 via the coupling strut 24 with the wheel carrier 3 can be combined.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
EP07112586A 2006-11-24 2007-07-17 Suspension de roue Ceased EP1925470B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006055565A DE102006055565B3 (de) 2006-11-24 2006-11-24 Radaufhängung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1925470A2 true EP1925470A2 (fr) 2008-05-28
EP1925470A3 EP1925470A3 (fr) 2008-12-03
EP1925470B1 EP1925470B1 (fr) 2011-09-14

Family

ID=38955157

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07112586A Ceased EP1925470B1 (fr) 2006-11-24 2007-07-17 Suspension de roue

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7699327B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1925470B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101186177B (fr)
DE (1) DE102006055565B3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016121131B4 (de) * 2016-11-04 2019-07-11 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Radaufhängungssystem mit einem Lenker
US10994580B1 (en) 2019-08-14 2021-05-04 Northstar Manufacturing Co., Inc. Adjustable ball joint coupling
US11254176B1 (en) 2019-08-14 2022-02-22 Northstar Manufacturing Co., Inc. Adjustable ball joint coupling
US11845316B1 (en) 2021-09-08 2023-12-19 Northstar Manufacturing Co., Inc. Adjustable pivot joint for vehicle suspensions

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819202A (en) 1972-02-02 1974-06-25 J Castoe Independent suspension system for a motor vehicle having camber and caster adjustments
DE3803802C1 (fr) 1988-02-09 1989-06-22 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart, De
US4875703A (en) 1986-12-16 1989-10-24 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Double link type suspension including a stabilizer bar
DE3909942A1 (de) 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Porsche Ag Radaufhaengung fuer die vorderraeder eines kraftfahrzeugs
EP0312711B1 (fr) 1987-10-21 1993-06-02 Dr.Ing.h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Suspension de roue pour un véhicule automobile
EP0312997B1 (fr) 1987-10-19 1993-12-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Suspension à double bras avec barre stabilisatrice
JPH07257423A (ja) 1994-03-24 1995-10-09 Suzuki Motor Corp 自動車のトー調整装置
DE19805810A1 (de) 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 American Axle & Mfg Inc Verbindungselement für einen Torsionsstabilisator
DE19720639A1 (de) 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Audi Ag Lageranordnung für ein schwenkbares Bauteil
DE10108686A1 (de) 2001-02-23 2002-09-05 Audi Ag Befestigungsanordnung

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US2169969A (en) * 1938-08-04 1939-08-15 Hudson Motor Car Co Stabilizer mechanism
US2299935A (en) * 1941-02-24 1942-10-27 Chrysler Corp Control arm
US3919202A (en) * 1971-08-06 1975-11-11 Sterling Drug Inc 3-(Substituted amino)-1H-isoindoles
DE3736666A1 (de) * 1987-10-29 1989-05-18 Opel Adam Ag Lenkachse fuer ein kraftfahrzeug
DE4223609A1 (de) * 1992-07-17 1994-01-20 Porsche Ag Vorrichtung zum Verbinden eines Lenkerarmes mit einem Lager
DE4243741C2 (de) * 1992-12-23 1996-11-14 Opel Adam Ag Lenkanschlag für eine Lenkachse eines Kraftfahrzeugs
DE9306932U1 (de) * 1993-05-07 1993-07-08 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart Befestigungsvorrichtung
US5368326A (en) * 1993-07-01 1994-11-29 Ford Motor Company Apparatus for insuring neutral stabilizer bar installation
JPH11115793A (ja) 1997-10-14 1999-04-27 Nissan Diesel Motor Co Ltd ステアリングリンケージ装置
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Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819202A (en) 1972-02-02 1974-06-25 J Castoe Independent suspension system for a motor vehicle having camber and caster adjustments
US4875703A (en) 1986-12-16 1989-10-24 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Double link type suspension including a stabilizer bar
EP0312997B1 (fr) 1987-10-19 1993-12-15 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Suspension à double bras avec barre stabilisatrice
EP0312711B1 (fr) 1987-10-21 1993-06-02 Dr.Ing.h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Suspension de roue pour un véhicule automobile
DE3803802C1 (fr) 1988-02-09 1989-06-22 Dr.Ing.H.C. F. Porsche Ag, 7000 Stuttgart, De
DE3909942A1 (de) 1989-03-25 1990-09-27 Porsche Ag Radaufhaengung fuer die vorderraeder eines kraftfahrzeugs
JPH07257423A (ja) 1994-03-24 1995-10-09 Suzuki Motor Corp 自動車のトー調整装置
DE19805810A1 (de) 1997-02-14 1998-08-20 American Axle & Mfg Inc Verbindungselement für einen Torsionsstabilisator
DE19720639A1 (de) 1997-05-16 1998-11-19 Audi Ag Lageranordnung für ein schwenkbares Bauteil
DE10108686A1 (de) 2001-02-23 2002-09-05 Audi Ag Befestigungsanordnung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102006055565B3 (de) 2008-02-21
CN101186177A (zh) 2008-05-28
CN101186177B (zh) 2011-05-11
EP1925470B1 (fr) 2011-09-14
EP1925470A3 (fr) 2008-12-03
US20080122194A1 (en) 2008-05-29
US7699327B2 (en) 2010-04-20

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