EP1929294A2 - Methode de detection d'interaction intracellulaire entre bio-molecules - Google Patents
Methode de detection d'interaction intracellulaire entre bio-moleculesInfo
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- EP1929294A2 EP1929294A2 EP06808277A EP06808277A EP1929294A2 EP 1929294 A2 EP1929294 A2 EP 1929294A2 EP 06808277 A EP06808277 A EP 06808277A EP 06808277 A EP06808277 A EP 06808277A EP 1929294 A2 EP1929294 A2 EP 1929294A2
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- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent
- compounds
- fluorescent compound
- bio
- molecules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/536—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase
- G01N33/542—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with immune complex formed in liquid phase with steric inhibition or signal modification, e.g. fluorescent quenching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-microscopic, quantitative method for detecting intracellular interactions between biomolecules, on living cells, in response to biological or pharmacological stimulation, by the effect of proximity energy transfer in time resolved between two members.
- a fluorescence donor / acceptor pair and its applications such as in particular the high-throughput screening of molecules and the detection of intracellular signaling pathways.
- the molecules with pharmacological activity act on molecular targets located either at the plasma membrane or inside living cells.
- the selection and optimization of candidate molecules in research processes within the pharmaceutical industry requires the determination of their molecular actions and, as far as possible, in a native environment in order to integrate the modulations possibly brought about by interactions between different partners. From a more fundamental point of view, in physiological or pathological conditions, it is important to have cell models where the direct interactions between bio-molecules involved in intracellular signaling pathways can be easily studied, characterized and quantified [see for example Takesono et al. Journal of CeII Sciences, 115, 3039-3048, (2002)]. This desire to understand mechanisms of action in native conditions explains why more and more cell assays are used in primary screening of molecules.
- high throughput screening techniques can primarily detect the end products of biological events, such as the production of second messengers.
- the cells must be lysed to allow access to the intracellular target molecule to be assayed.
- Very few kinetic observations are currently possible and rare events are easily undetected.
- New approaches using live cell microscopy or imaging techniques provide access to dynamic and kinetic parameters of one or more bio-molecules of interest in their native environment, in response to stimulation. These techniques are based on movement studies of these biomolecules in response to a stimulus. The analysis of these displacements makes use of a treatment of the images which give access, a posteriori and by indirect methods, with arbitrary values which make it possible to quantify the biological events considered.
- microscopy techniques consist of determining the location of a molecular target and monitoring any localization changes.
- the molecular target is generally fused to a fluorescent protein that may be of the GFP family.
- Such direct visualization techniques inside a cell are carried out using a conventional fluorescence microscope, cofocal microscopes or new platforms integrating microscopy and image acquisition.
- Such platforms are, for example, used in TRANSFLUOR technology (Molecular Devices) or on instruments such as OPERA (Evotech Technologies) or In CeII analyze (GE Healthcare) (see John Comley review, DDW, summer 2005, pp 31-53).
- these technologies are used to qualify one or more cellular events, which most often result from a cascade of past events, giving indirect access to the event that one wishes to measure. Moreover, these techniques do not make it possible to directly give information on the interactions between biomolecules or on conformational changes within the same molecule, both of which are direct indicators of the biological event that is desired. detect and quantify.
- intracellular technologies to characterize interactions between biomolecules or conformational changes within the same bio-molecule, both witnesses of biological events are based on energy transfer technology (FRET) between different fluorescent proteins such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its different mutants. For example, two protein variants of GFP (CFP and YFP) form a compatible pair to establish FRET.
- FRET energy transfer technology
- Both variants of GFP can also be expressed in living cells in fusion with a single target protein.
- This biomolecule doubly fused with the two variants of GFP, is defined as a biro-sensor.
- a bio-sensor is able to adopt different conformations depending on changes in the biological environment, these conformational changes being able to be followed by a FRET process.
- Such biomolecules can be used in the monitoring of numerous cellular events such as the production of cAMP, IP3 or cGMP (see Nikolaev et al., JBC, vol 279, No. 36, pp. 37215-37218, 2004). , Tanimura et al., JBC, vol 279, No. 37, pp. 38095-38098, 2004 and US Patent 6,924,191 B2).
- BRET a molecule that generates bioluminescence
- a BRET process can take place in living cells between luciferase and GFP labeled proteins respectively.
- Several intracellular protein interactions could be measured by fusing luciferase to one partner and GFP to another (see Milligan G Eur J Pharm Sci 2004 Mar; 21 (4): 397-405, Boute N et al. Trends Pharmacol Sci., 2002 Aug; 23 (8) 351-4 and Trugnan G. et al., Sci Med (Paris), 2004 Nov; 20 (11); 1027-34.).
- the energy transfer process is initiated when the substrate of the luciferase enzyme is provided in the cell preparation to be tested. Luciferase produces a light which, in the case of a protein interaction allowing close proximity between the two partners, excites the GFP. The fluorescence signal emitted by the GFP is then measured.
- the fluorescence signal can be easily masked by an autofluorescence of the tested products.
- the BRET technology is not robust enough for screening molecules because of the low stability of the signal over time, which leaves a very short reading window, which is not very compatible with the high-throughput screening of molecules.
- Another set of technologies for studying interactions between biomolecules is to use a functional complementation process.
- Biological molecules of interest are fused with two inactive fragments of a 3rd protein.
- the 2 active fragments of the 3 rd protein then reconstitute, by direct interaction or by a more complex process of protein splicing, a 3 rd functional protein whose activity can be measured.
- This protein the activity of which has been restored by the interaction between the biomolecules of interest, may be a luciferase; in this case, a luminescence signal is measured, a fluorescent protein such as GFP (see Ozawa T, Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2001, No.
- QuantumDots offer a much wider possible number of possible donor / acceptor couples, makes it possible to work on a range of longer excitation wavelengths and, by combining different couples, to measure concomitantly different interactions between bio-molecules (multiplex approach). However, it is difficult to specifically label the biomolecules by these compounds in the cell.
- the use of fluorescent organic molecules for intracellular FRET applications has, for example, been described for visualizing messenger RNAs in living cells.
- the interaction involved in this case is based on an apartment between the target messenger RNA and anti-sense oligonucleotide sequences labeled with fluorescent organic molecules (see Dirks et al., 2003, METHODS, Jan. 29, No. 1). pp. 51-57 and Tsuji et al., Biophys J. 2001 JuI 81 (1): 501-15).
- the information obtained in this case is not quantitative because it uses microscopic detection. Furthermore, it does not qualify an interaction between two biomolecules of interest and serves only to reveal the presence of a messenger RNA of interest.
- TR-FRET time-resolved FRET
- This technique uses a first long-lived donor fluorescent compound and one or more acceptor fluorescent compounds having spectral characteristics compatible with the first fluorescent compound.
- the long life of the fluorescent compound preferably greater than 100 nanoseconds, makes it possible to define a window of time to achieve the measurement in which the emissions of short-lived fluorescent compounds are not present;
- the TR-FRET allows in the method of the invention to eliminate all the disadvantages of FRET applications between CFP / YFP or BRET with luciferase and GFP observed in living cells, in particular;
- the time-resolved reading makes it possible to suppress the effects of the auto-fluorescence of the cells and products to be tested;
- the amplitude of the signals in TR-FRET is higher than that measured with FRET techniques using dyes / fluorescent proteins.
- TR-FRET technique has never been used in living cells until now. This is due to many technical obstacles that the Applicant has been able to overcome.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to circumvent these obstacles and thus provides effective means for studying biological phenomena within living cells.
- the method of the invention allows the detection and quantification of conformational interactions or modifications between living cell biomolecules in response to specific stimulation.
- the invention relates to a method for detecting interactions between bio-molecules, translocation or conformational change of biomolecules in living cells, comprising the following steps:
- the light excitation of living cells can be achieved by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by a laser source, flash lamps or Xenon.
- the emission, intensity and lifetime measurements of the various fluorescent compounds used in the method of the invention are carried out by means of the FRET signals by conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- the appropriate readers for detecting the time resolved FRET signal according to the method of the invention are of the RUBYstar or PHERAstar type from BMG Labtech or other readers compatible with time resolved such as ULTRA, ULTRA Evolution or the GENios Pro from TECAN or PAnalyst from Molecular Devices.
- the calculation of the ratio between the fluorescence of the first fluorescent compound and the fluorescence of the second fluorescent compound or others is carried out by a method known to those skilled in the art and described in particular in EP 569 496 Bl.
- the fluorophores used to label biomolecules are fluorescent compounds that partner with TR-FRET.
- TR-FRET partner fluorescent compounds means pairs of fluorescent compounds whose fluorescence spectra partially overlap, and whose donor is a long-lived fluorescent compound and the acceptor is a fluorescent compound with a shorter lifetime than the donor.
- the two fluorescent compounds are used to mark one and the same biomolecule.
- the method according to the invention comprises additional steps for labeling biomolecules with other fluorescent compounds, which makes it possible to study more complex biological phenomena.
- the system will always include a first long-lived donor fluorescent compound, as well as several other fluorescent acceptor partners partners of TR-FRET, which will make it possible to measure several interactions, translocations or conformational changes in the same cell.
- bio-molecule we mean a molecule present in a living organism, and in particular the molecules constituting the structure of an organism, those involved in the production and transformation of energy or in the transmission of biological signals.
- This definition includes nucleic acids, proteins, sugars, lipids, peptides, oligonucleotides, metabolic intermediates, enzymes, hormones and neurotransmitters.
- biomolecules that can be studied using the process according to the invention are all types of molecules expressed, thanks to heterologous expression techniques known to those skilled in the art, in living cells in culture.
- bio-molecules may be, for example, any proteins, all lipids, sugars or oligonucleotides artificially produced by living cells, such as for example membrane receptors, such as tyrosine kinase receptors, 7-transmembrane domain-coupled receptors.
- G-proteins and subunits of hetero-trimeric G-proteins non-membrane receptors, such as hormone receptors, ion channels, transporters present at the membrane (aquaria, sodium transporters, bicarbonate carriers (HCO 3 ), ionic pumps (sodium / potassium pump), signal transduction proteins, such as monomeric G proteins, enzymes, such as kinases, phosphatases, transglutaminases, hydrolases, halogenases, lipases, transferases, metabolic enzymes, scaffolding proteins, such as SOS, GRB, 1RS, HSP, x lipids, proteins containing PH domains, or FYVE, associating with the membrane by lipid anchoring of N-myristoylation type, S-palmitoylation, S-prenylation geranylgéranylation, proteins associated with G-protein-coupled receptors (monomeric or trimeric) such as GEFs, GAPs and RGS, heterotrimeric G-protein subunits and G-
- the living cells used in the present invention are all types of living cells cultured according to techniques known to those skilled in the art, such as, for example, prokaryotic cells (bacteria), yeasts, immortalized eukaryotic cell lines, insect cells, primary cultures, such as cultures from mammalian blood, tissue or organs. It is important to emphasize that the method of the invention makes it possible to work on living cells and to preserve the integrity of intracellular biochemical mechanisms: the cell membranes are not permeabilized as is the case in other processes of the invention. state of the art and the cells do not need to be fixed.
- interactions between molecules that can be demonstrated by the process according to the invention are numerous and varied and are dependent on the nature of the bio-molecules used in said process. These interactions may be, for example, the interactions between the androgen receptor and androgen which induce a translocation of the cytoplasmic receptor to the cell nucleus, PKC- ⁇ which undergoes a translocation after stimulation of the cytoplasm to the lipids composing the membrane. cell plasma, the calcineurin complex which requires a calmodulin binding to be active, p65 / p50, etc.
- the conformational changes of biomolecules within the living cell can take place in certain stimulation circumstances, such modifications can be, for example, beta-arrestin, EPAC (binding proteins), cAMP), exchange factors of small monomeric G proteins (GEFs), ion channels, such as K + channels dependent on fast inactivation potential, etc.
- modifications can be, for example, beta-arrestin, EPAC (binding proteins), cAMP), exchange factors of small monomeric G proteins (GEFs), ion channels, such as K + channels dependent on fast inactivation potential, etc.
- fluorescent compounds also known as fluorophores
- the first of these compounds has a long fluorescence lifetime and the others have generally short fluorescence lifetimes.
- the fluorescent compounds are partners of TR-FRET.
- the long-lived fluorescent compounds particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention preferably have a lifetime equal to or greater than 100 nanoseconds.
- these suitable fluorescent compounds are rare earth complexes, such as cryptates and chelates, in particular cryptates containing one or more pyridine units.
- rare earth cryptates are described, for example, in EP 180 492, EP 321 353, EP 601 113 and WO 01/96 877.
- Terbium (Tb3 +) and Europium (Eu3 +) cryptates are particularly suitable for the purposes of the invention. of the present invention.
- the rare earth chelates are described in particular in patents US 4,761,481, US 5,032,677, US 5,055,578, US 5,106,957, US 5,116,989, US 4,761,481, US 4,801,722 and US 4,794,191.
- chelates are composed of a nonadentant ligand such as terpyridine (EP 403,593, US 5,324,825, US 5,202,423). , US 5,316,909).
- a particular example of a rare earth chelate which is suitable for the purposes of the invention is the chelate having the formula:
- Fluorescent compounds having a short lifetime can be selected from fluorescent proteins, such as green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its derivatives (especially CFP, YFP), or fluorescent compounds having a lifetime of less than 100 nanoseconds, such as cyanines, rhodamines, fluoresceins, squarenes and fluorescent molecules known as BODIPY's (difluoroboradiazaindacenes), the compounds known under the name AlexaFluor, fluorescent proteins extracted from corals, phycobiliproteins, such as B- phycoerythrin, R-phycoerythrin, C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanins, in particular those known under the name XL665, the "Quantum Dots".
- Other suitable fluorescent compounds are described in patent application FR 2,840,611 and comprise a fluorophore coupled to an oligonucleotide.
- fusion protein between the bio-molecules of interest and a protein having intrinsic fluorescence properties, such as the GFP family proteins.
- Expression of such fusion proteins is based on molecular biology techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as transiently transfecting into the living cell, stably or transiently, expression vectors, such as plasmids, whose DNA encodes the fusion protein.
- a fusion protein between the biomolecules of interest and a protein having a suicide enzyme activity such as, for example, SnapTag (Covalys) or HaloTag (Promega) proteins that transfer covalently and irreversibly the fluorescent compound on the bio-molecules of interest.
- the fluorescent is covalently bound to the substrate of the suicide enzyme and is introduced into the extracellular medium.
- Suicide enzymes are proteins that have enzymatic activity modified by specific mutations that give them the ability to bind a substrate quickly and covalently. These enzymes are called suicides because each can bind only one fluorescent molecule, the activity of the enzyme being blocked by the attachment of the substrate. Currently two families of known suicide enzymes allow this type of labeling:
- the substrate that will be incorporated by these suicide enzymes must first be labeled with a fluorescent organic compound.
- Protein splicing This approach exploits a biological process of post-translational processing, called protein splicing. This process catalyzes a series of chemical reactions whose ultimate goal is to remove a domain named intein present in a precursor protein and to bind by a peptide bond the two domains lying on either side of the intein domain. Protein trans-splicing requires two halves of complementary intein domain. The first half is fused to the target protein and the second half to the fluorescent molecule. This method is described by Muir TW et al. (2003) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 7180-7181. The techniques described below make it possible to cross the cell membrane with conjugated "fluorescent compound - intein" which would not be naturally epophilic.
- These bi-arsenic compounds can be easily labeled with an organic molecule of the fluorescein or rhodamine type (see BAGriffin et al (1998) Science, 1998, 281, 269-271 and SA Adams et al (2002) J. Am. Soc., 2002, 124, 6063-6076 for details on the technology).
- the PoIy histidine repeats bind to metal ions that can be coupled to "quencher” molecules of fluorescent compounds (see E.G. Guignet et al (2004), Nature Biotech., 2004, 22, 440-444).
- BTX tag composed of a peptide of 13 amino acids that is recognized by bungarotoxin (BTX)
- BTX bungarotoxin
- streptavidin binding sequence is a 38 amino acid sequence that has a high affinity for biotin that can be previously labeled with a fluorophore (see CM McCann et al (2005), Biotechnology (2005)). 38, 945-952).
- the peptide sequence PKPQQFM (Proline-Lysine-Proline-Glutamine-Glutamine-Phenylalanine-Methionine) is for example recognized by an enzyme called transglutaminase.
- Transglutaminase transfers the coupled organic fluorescent compound to its substrate, cadaverine, directly to the first glutamine residue of the PKPQQFM sequence (see Taki et al (2004) Protein Engeneering, Design Selection, 2004, 17, 119-12).
- the techniques described below make it possible to cross the cell membrane with fluorescent compound-substrate conjugates that would not be naturally lipophilic.
- the sequence of the dihydrofolate reductase enzyme of E. coli (eDHFR) which binds specifically and with high affinity ligands such as trimethoprim onto which fluorescent compounds can be grafted according to the technology called "Ligand link Universal labeling technology" of the Active Motif Company,
- Nucleic sequences can also be specifically recognized by enzymes having transferase activities allowing them to covalently link a fluorescent organic molecule present on a cofactor or a substrate directly to the specific sequence.
- a te! The method can be illustrated by the specific 5'-TCGA-3 'nucleic sequence on which the TaqI methyltransferase transfers the previously grafted fluorescent compound to the aziridine cofactor (see Pljevaljcic G. et al., (2004) ChemBiochem, 5: 265-269). .
- the fluorescent compound / biomolecule labeling is thus carried out by coupling the fluorescent compound and the bio-molecule, respectively with the members of the pairs chosen from: a SNAP-Tag substrate / the SNAP-Tag enzyme , a HALO-Tag substrate / the HALO-Tag enzyme, an intein part such as the intein of Ssp DnaE / the complementary intein part for reconstituting a functional intein, a bi-arsenic unit / the Cys-Cys-X-X-Cys-Cys sequence, X representing any amino acid, metal ion / poly-histidine sequence, biotin / streptavidin, streptavidin / biotin, bungarotoxin / BTX tag, cadaverine / the PKPQQFM protein sequence, the aziridine / the TCGA nucleic sequence.
- the labeling techniques mentioned above sometimes involve passing the cell membrane to compounds that are not naturally lipophilic and do not naturally enter the cell. These compounds or their conjugates with substrates, tags, or members of a pair of binding partners as described above can be introduced into the cell using, for example, one of the following techniques: :
- esters which mask the charged groups during the passage of the lipid bilayer fall into the category of compounds named pro-drugs and refer to compounds that are rapidly transformed in vivo to give the "parent" compound following hydrolysis under conditions physiological.
- examples include mainly pivaloyloxymethyl, acetoxymethyl and glycol esters [Nielsen and Bundgaard, Int. J. of Pharmacy. 39 (1984) 75-85].
- this technique is used, one of these groups is grafted covalently on the fluorophore.
- viral peptides grafted covalently to the fluorophore some of these peptides make it possible to convey the fluorophore through the cell membrane.
- viral peptides include the analogues of "penetratin” and "transportan” [Langel et al. Bioconj. Chem. (2000), 11, 619-626], poly-Arginines [Wender et al. Arginine-based molecular transporters. Org. Lett. (2003), 5 (19), 3459-3462], or peptoids, peptides analogs carrying guanidine groups [The design, synthesis, and evaluation of molecules that enable or enhance cellular uptake: peptoid molecular transporters.
- At least one fluorescent compound has a pattern enabling it to cross the plasma membrane, this pattern being selected from the following groups; esters such as valvaloyloxymethyl ester, acetoxymethyl ester, or glycol esters; viral peptides supported by membrane transporters, such as penetratin and its like, transport it! and its analogs, polyarginine groups, peptoids bearing guanidine groups, such as oligoguanidinium groups; cholesterol groups, vitamin E or aliphatic chains, such as undecyl or 1,2-di-O-hexadecylglycerol chains.
- esters such as valvaloyloxymethyl ester, acetoxymethyl ester, or glycol esters
- viral peptides supported by membrane transporters such as penetratin and its like, transport it! and its analogs
- polyarginine groups such as peptoids bearing guanidine groups, such as oligoguanidinium groups
- cholesterol groups vitamin E or aliphatic chains,
- At least two TR-FRET partner fluorescent compounds include such motifs allowing them to cross the plasma membrane.
- the fluorescent compound can be bonded to the substrate of the suicide enzyme and at the same time generate on said fluorescent compound a reactive chemical function, such as, in particular, an amine or acid function which subsequently makes it possible to couple onto said fluorescent compound a motif allowing him to cross the plasma membrane.
- a reactive chemical function such as, in particular, an amine or acid function which subsequently makes it possible to couple onto said fluorescent compound a motif allowing him to cross the plasma membrane.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate the synthesis of a conjugate between a fluorescent compound, the compound DY647 (from the DYOMICS Company) and the substrate of a suicide enzyme (substrate of the "SnapTag” enzyme), namely benzylguanine on which an amine functional group has been added and the introduction of a reactive chemical function on said fluorescent compound (this conjugate is hereinafter referred to as "tripod").
- a suicide enzyme substrate of the "SnapTag” enzyme
- the tripode with an NH 2 function will integrate the vector systems having a COOH function and that with a COOH function will integrate the vector systems having an NH 2 function.
- kit of components comprising the reagents for implementing the method for detecting interactions between bio-molecules, translocation or change of conformation of bio -molecules in living cells according to the invention.
- This kit includes:
- first fluorescent compound and a second fluorescent compound these compounds being partners of TR-FRET and at least one of these compounds having a motif enabling it to cross the plasma membrane;
- live cells comprising said bio-molecules; means for labeling the biomolecules with the fluorescent compounds;
- the reagents present in this kit allow the labeling of the biomolecules to be studied present in the living cell by the fluorescent compounds partnering with TR-FRET; in practice, this means that the fluorescent compound and the bio-molecule are coupled, respectively, with the members of the pairs chosen from: a SNAP-Tag substrate such as benzylguanine / SNAP-Tag enzyme, a HALO-substrate; Tag such as a chloroalkane / HALO-Tag enzyme, a part of intein such as the internal of Ssp DnaE / the complementary intein part allowing to reconstitute a functional intein, a bi-arsenic motif / the Cys sequence -Cys-XX-Cys-Cys, X representing any amino acid, metal ion / poly-histidine sequence, biotin / streptavidin, streptavidin / biotin, bungarotoxin / BTX tag, cadaverine /
- At least one of the fluorescent compounds furthermore comprises a motif enabling it to cross the plasma membrane, and this unit is chosen from the following compounds: esters such as pivaloyloxymethyl ester, acetoxymethyl ester, or glycol esters; viral peptides supported by membrane transporters such as penetratin and analogues thereof, transanan and analogues thereof, polyarginine groups, peptoids bearing guanidine groups; cholesterol groups, vitamin E or aliphatic chains such as undecyl or 1,2-di-O-hexadecyl-glycerol chains.
- esters such as pivaloyloxymethyl ester, acetoxymethyl ester, or glycol esters
- viral peptides supported by membrane transporters such as penetratin and analogues thereof, transanan and analogues thereof, polyarginine groups, peptoids bearing guanidine groups
- cholesterol groups vitamin E or aliphatic chains such as undecyl or 1,2-di-O
- the living cells included in this kit may be genetically modified so as to express bio-molecules whose interaction we wish to study, these modifications make use of conventional molecular biology techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as transfectomy.
- stable or transient cells by plasmids expressing the bio-molecules, or fusion proteins comprising the bio-molecules of interest.
- the fluorophore partners of TR-FRET present in the kit according to the invention are a long-lived fluorescent compound and at least one fluorescent compound chosen from the following: fluorescent proteins such as the protein green fluorescent (GFP) and its derivatives (in particular CFP, YFP), or fluorescent compounds having a lifetime of less than 100 nanoseconds, such as cyanines, rhodamines, fluoresceins, squarenes and fluorescent molecules known under the name of BODIPY's (difluorobora-diaza indacenes), the compounds known under the name AlexaFluor, the fluorescent proteins extracted from corals, the phycobiliproteins, such as B-phycoerythrin, R-phycoerythrin, C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanins, in particular those known as XL665.
- fluorescent proteins such as the protein green fluorescent (GFP) and its derivatives (in particular CFP, YFP), or fluorescent compounds having a lifetime of less than 100 nanoseconds, such as
- the long-lived fluorescent compound has a lifetime greater than 100 ns and even more preferably is a rare earth chelate or cryptate.
- the rare earth is terbium or europium.
- Protein kinases C are proteins belonging to a group of serine / threonine kinases dependent on phospholipids. These proteins play a large role in many cell signaling pathways.
- Physiologically PKC- ⁇ is activated in a calcium-dependent manner by phosphodiesterines (PS) and binds diacylglycerol (DAG), but PKC- ⁇ can be activated independently of the presence of DAG by phorbol esters inducing tumors (PMA).
- PS phosphodiesterines
- DAG diacylglycerol
- PMA phorbol esters inducing tumors
- PKC- ⁇ undergoes translation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane, this translocation can be measured using a fusion protein with GFP after stimulation with PMA (Sakai NJ CeII Bio (1997) 139 , 1465-1476).
- a fusion protein between PKC- ⁇ and a suicide enzyme, named HaloTag, was created to label PKC- ⁇ with an acceptor fluorescent organic compound and a tool was developed to specifically label the plasma membrane. with a donor fluorescent organic compound that can enter FRET with the labeled PKC- ⁇ .
- the plasma membrane is specifically labeled with a suicide enzyme, named SnapTag fused to a Cys-Ala-Ala-X sequence (X is any amino acid) which is a recognition sequence for post-translational modification enzymes. This sequence will cause the grafting of a C-terminal farnesyl group of the Snaptag enzyme, which results in the addressing and anchoring of this enzyme on the inner sheet of the plasma membrane.
- COS-7 cells were transiently transfected with both plasmid constructs with pofectamine 2000 or by electroporation.
- the cells are incubated for 1 hour with cell medium containing 5 ⁇ M of each specific substrate of the enzymes HaloTag and SnapTag, each of the substrates carrying the fluorescent organic molecules forming FRET.
- the translocation is measured by TR-FRET after induction by different stimulations, for example after addition of 12-myristate 13-acetate phorbol ester (PIWA).
- PIWA 12-myristate 13-acetate phorbol ester
- Potentially inhibitory molecules of the PKC- ⁇ translocation pathway can be added to the culture medium to test their effects on stimulation of transitization.
- Example 2 Demonstration of Androgen Receptor-Coactivator or Orroqene-Correpressor Receptor Interactions. (see block diagram figure 2)
- Androgens and their functional receptor are responsible for the normal differentiation of the external male phenotype.
- the cytosolic androgen receptors in the inactive state, are associated with chaperone proteins (known by the English name “heat shock proteins”). After binding with the ligand, the receptors dimerize and are translocated to the nucleus.
- the coregulators (coactivators or corepressors) of the AR will then interact or not with the receptor and the result of these interactions will eventually cause the binding of the complex to the DNA at the level of a specific sequence (called ARE for "androgen receptor responsive element ”) and thus regulate transcription.
- the method according to the invention is used to highlight the interactions between a corepressor, a coactivator, and an AR.
- expression vectors are introduced into the cell in order to express in the intracellular medium:
- the suicide enzyme Snaptag allows coupling with a fluorescent compound labeled with a snaptag substrate.
- HDAC1 histone acetyltransferase 1
- RA RA-binding protein 1
- suicide halotag enzyme allows coupling with a fluorescent compound labeled with a halotag substrate.
- P160 is a coactivator of likely to fix on AR.
- the intein fragment allows coupling with a fluorescent compound comprising the complementary intein fragment by protein trans-splicing.
- the AR When the AR is localized in the nucleus after stimulation (binding of its ligand), one can assay its final effect by measuring the TR-FRET signal; the AR is labeled with the donor fluorescent compound and the coactivator and the corepressor with two acceptor fluorescent compounds which are quite distinct in their spectral properties, and whose emission wavelength following a transfer of energy is respectively
- TR-FREET signal at 665 nm will therefore be representative of the binding of the AR with its coactivator, whereas the measurement of a TR-FREET at 780 nm will be significant of an AR-corepressor interaction.
- This test format thus allows the detection of two types of interaction in a single cellular test.
- This multi-detection assay can be further enhanced by the addition of other fluorescent acceptor compounds to simultaneously reveal other interactions.
- Bio-sensor cAMP Detection of conformational changes of a fusion protein comprising a TAMPc binding domain (See Schematic diagram, Fig. 31)
- the variations of the TR-FREET signal of a pair of fluorescent donor / acceptor compounds are measured by coupling these fluorophores to a cAMP binding domain (for example that of the regulatory subunit ⁇ 11 of the PKA , that of the exchange proteins activated by cAMP) known by the term of CAMPS.
- a cAMP binding domain for example that of the regulatory subunit ⁇ 11 of the PKA , that of the exchange proteins activated by cAMP
- GPCR G protein-coupled receptor
- the plasmid encoding a SNAP-tag / CAMPS / Halo-tag fusion protein is transfected into HEK cells. 24 hours or 48 hours after transfection, cells are incubated (1 hour at 37 ° C) with SNAP-Tag and HALO-Tag substrates, each coupled to a member of a TR-FREH donor / acceptor pair "
- the fluorophores are covalently coupled via the suicide reactions of the SNAP-Tag and HALO-Tag enzymes, and the CAMPS protein is labeled by the pair of fluorophores involved in TR-FRET. .
- a TR-FRET signal is measured because of the proximity of the fluorophores.
- pharmacological stimulation eg, agonist stimulation of a Gs protein-coupled receptor expressed in HEK cells
- intracellular cAMP concentration will increase and cAMP binding to CAMPS will cause a conformational change in this latter protein.
- a decrease in the measured TR-FRET signal is then observed.
- This example shows that the amplitude of the TR-FRET signal is directly correlated to the binding of the cAMP to the CAMPS protein.
- the same experiment can be conducted with a GPCR antagonist, which causes a decrease in cAMP concentration in the cell and a conformational change in CAMPS protein that can be detected by measuring an increase in the TR-FRET signal.
- Example 4 Measurement of the calcineurin / calmodulin interaction (see block diagram FIG. 4)
- Calcineurin possesses phosphatase activity and plays a fundamental role in the cellular signaling pathway involving intracellular calcium levels.
- Ca / cineurine is involved in the development and adaptation to stress in mammals, through two classes of transcription factors: NFAT and MEF2.
- Calcineurin is a heterodimer with two subunits, calcineurin A (CnA) and calcineurin B (CnB).
- the enzyme is active in its heterodimeric form and the phosphatase activity is stimulated by the formation of a calcineurin-calmodulin complex upon increasing the intracellular calcium concentration.
- a plasmid encoding a fusion protein comprising the CnA subunit and the HALO-Tag enzyme and a plasmid encoding a fusion protein comprising calmodulin and the SNAP-Tag enzyme are co-transfected into cells using the lipofectamine 2000 or by electroporation. After 24 or 48 hours, the cells are incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C. in a medium comprising the SNAP-Tag and HALO-Tag enzyme substrates, each coupled to a member of a pair of fluorophores compatible for TR-FRET.
- the cells After washing, the cells are stimulated pharmacologically or by stress (for example by cyclosporin A, or acidification of the medium).
- stress for example by cyclosporin A, or acidification of the medium.
- the amplitude of the measured TR-FRET signal increases and is correlated with the association of the CnA-CnB heterodimer with calmodulin.
- TNF alpha is a factor of inflammation that causes several cellular responses when bound to its membrane receptor.
- One of the responses caused by TNF alpha in B cells is the activation of the transcription factor NFkB, which controls the production of antibody light chains - a critical step in the immune response.
- Inhibitors of TNF alpha are therefore useful for regulating the immune response, and may for example be used in the prevention of septic shock, or as anti-inflammatory drugs.
- Such inhibitors of TNFalpha activity can be discovered by measuring the activation level of NFkB, which the present invention allows.
- FIG. 5 illustrates the cytosolic retention of NFkB by the cytosolic protein IkB: the NFkB complex (p65, p50) -IkB is retained in the cytosol.
- Appropriate stimulation causes IkB phosphoryiation, causes degradation and releases NFkB which can then penetrate the cell nucleus and activate the production of antibody light chains.
- the method according to the invention is applied by introducing into B lymphocytes by conventional molecular biology techniques the following constructions:
- a vector expressing a p50-Halotag fusion protein which may be labeled with a fluorescent acceptor compound conjugated to a Halotag substrate.
- the NFkB complex ( ⁇ 65 / p50) forms a complex with I ⁇ B and a TR-FRFJT signal can be measured.
- TNFalpha After stimulation of the cells by TNFalpha, the phosphoryiation of I ⁇ B and its dissociation of the complex will cause a decrease of the TR-FREET signal. The magnitude of this decrease is representative of the degree of activation of NFkB.
- This example illustrates the application of the method according to the invention to the screening of drugs and is particularly suitable for so-called high throughput screening.
- Cells are seeded in LABTEK culture chambers [density 80 000c / ml], cultured for 24 hours and then washed with culture medium.
- the europium chelate of formula below is added to the culture medium (concentration 20 .mu.m) and the cells are incubated for 24 hours at 37.degree.
- Hoechst stain 33342 [concentration 2 ⁇ g / ml; supplier reference: Sigma Aldrich B2261] is added to the culture chambers, which are then incubated for 15 min. protected from light at room temperature. This dye has the property of specifically labeling the cell nuclei.
- the culture chambers are washed again with culture medium before proceeding with the acquisition of images by microscopy, in "time resolved” mode, with the following equipment: an Axiovert 200M microscope (Zeiss), a source of UV excitation: a pulsed nitrogen laser (Spectra Physics) and a Pi-Max intensified CCD (charge coupled device) camera (Roper Scientific), with the following parameters:
- the image in transmission makes it possible to ensure the integrity of the cells and the density of the cellular mat.
- the image Hoechst allows to locate the cellular nuclei.
- the negative control shows the signal obtained in time-resolved detection mode in the absence of fluorescent compound.
- the image obtained with the donor fluorescent compound tested at a concentration of 20 ⁇ M (FIG. 1) makes it possible to demonstrate an intracellular localization of the FRET donor compound.
- the superposition of the images (2) and (1) shows that the fluorescence is localized in the cell.
- This type of time-resolved measurement can be quantified by designating regions of interest on signal and noise areas, and subtracting the average value of the noise from the measured signal value.
- This example shows that a rare earth chelate capable of crossing the plasma membrane can be used to implement the invention, and that the signal emitted by such a compound can be measured by time-resolved microscopy.
- CHO cells are cultured at 37 ° C. under a controlled atmosphere at 5% CO 2 in F-12 HAM medium (Invitrogen) + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) previously inactivated for 20 min at 60 ° C.
- F-12 HAM medium Invitrogen
- FCS fetal calf serum
- the cells are dissociated and seeded in LABTECK culture chambers (Nunc) at a density of 75,000 cells / well.
- the test compounds (BG-DY647 or Dy647-R9-BG) are prepared in culture medium at a concentration of 5 ⁇ M and placed in contact for one hour with the cells.
- the microscopic analysis is carried out using an Axiovert 200M (Zeiss) epifluorescence microscope, objective 40 X, a source of UV excitation; a pulsed nitrogen laser (Spectra Physics) and a CooISNAP CCD camera (Photometrics).
- Axiovert 200M Zeiss epifluorescence microscope
- objective 40 X a source of UV excitation
- pulsed nitrogen laser Spectra Physics
- CooISNAP CCD camera Photometrics
- Figure 11 shows the images obtained with either the BG-DY647 conjugate or the DY647-R9-BG conjugate. It is found that the DY647-R9-BG conjugate is located in the cells while the BG-DY647 conjugate remains in solution in the culture medium.
- a compound such as DY647-R9-BG can therefore be used in the method according to the invention, especially as an acceptor conjugate capable of crossing the plasma membrane to label an intracellular protein comprising the SnapTag enzyme,
- CHO cells are cultured at 37 0 C, under a controlled atmosphere of 5% COi medium HAM F-12 (Invitrogen) + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) previously inactivated 20 min at 60 0 C. The day before experiment, CHO-M1 cells are seeded in a plate 96 well at the density of 10,000 cells per well.
- COi medium HAM F-12 (Invitrogen) + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS) previously inactivated 20 min at 60 0 C.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- the culture medium is aspirated and replaced by the test compounds at a concentration of 2.5 ⁇ M or 5 ⁇ M in KREBS buffer (Sigma).
- the cells are then lysed in PBS buffer + 0.1% Triton X100.
- the fluorescence is measured on a reader of the Analyst AD (UL, Molecular Devices) type with the filters and the dichroic suitable for the spectral specificities of the compound to be detected.
- Emission filter 535/35 nm bandwidth
- Example for a compound carrying a rare earth complex Excitation filter: 330/80 nm bandwidth Dichroic: BBUV Emission filter: 620/10 nm bandwidth
- the tetraguanidinium-fluorescein derivative a tetraguanidinium sequence (as described by Femandez-Cameado J. et al, X Am Chem Soc 2005, 127, 869-874) was grafted onto the carboxyfluorescein structure
- the fluorescence intensity measured for each of the compounds (FIG. 13) according to the above protocol shows that the poly arginine and tetraguanidinium sequences can be used to introduce into the cell one of the FRET partners, and therefore as a pattern allowing one of FRET's partners to cross the cell membrane.
- Example 9 Example of Constitutive Intracellular TR-FRlT (Chameleon HaloTaq-S ⁇ apTaq)
- the method according to the invention is used to highlight a FRET signal in a living cell.
- an expression vector is introduced into the cell in order to express in the intracellular medium a fusion protein composed of SnapTag and HaloTag.
- the suicide enzyme SnapTag allows coupling with a fluorescent compound labeled with a SnapTag substrate (benzylguanine).
- the suicide enzyme Halo-tag allows coupling with a fluorescent compound labeled with a substrate of the Halo-tag (a chloroalkane).
- the pHT2 plasmid carrying the HafoTag sequence is from Promega.
- the plasmid pSem-Sl-ST26m carrying the SnapTag sequence comes from the company
- the cassette corresponding to the coding sequence of HaloTag is isolated from the plasmid pHT2 by enzymatic digestion EcoRV-Not I (Biolabs) and transferred into the plasmid pCDNA3.1 (Invitrogen) previously digested with the same enzymes.
- the ligation is done by T4 ligase (Invitrogen).
- the ligating product is transformed into chemocompetent Turbo celis bacteria (GenetherapySystem).
- the transformed bacteria are spread on LB-Agar medium (Sigma) + 0.1 mg / ml of ampicillin (Eurogentec) allowing the selection of bacteria possessing the plasmid pCDNA3.1Halo-Tag.
- the plasmid DNA is obtained by column purification (QIAGEN). The integrity of the sequence is verified by sequencing.
- the cassette corresponding to the coding sequence of SnapTag is isolated from pSEM-Sl-
- Ligation is by T4 Ligase (Invitrogen). The ligation product is transformed into chem / ocompetent bacteria Turbo cells (GenetherapySystem).
- the transformed bacteria are spread on one of LB-Agar medium (Sigma) + 0.1 mg / ml of ampicillin (Eurogentec) allowing the selection of bacteria possessing the plasmid pBfescriptKS-ST26m. Plasmid DNA is obtained by column purification
- the plasmid making it possible to obtain the coding sequence of the SnapTag-HaloTag fusion protein is obtained by transferring the cassette corresponding to the sequence of SnapTag, isolated by digestion of the plasmid pBlescrIptKS-ST26m with XbaI-Kpnel (Biolabs), into the plasmid pCDNA3 .1Haio-Tag previously digested by Nhel-Kpnel.
- the plasmid DNA corresponding to plasmid pB) escriptKS-ST26m-HaloTag is obtained by column purification (QIAGEN). ). The integrity of the sequence is verified by sequencing.
- Cos-7 cells are transiently transfected with the plasmid construct pBlescriptKS-ST26m-HaloTag with lipofectamine 2000 or by 96 well plate electroporation. 24 h or 48 h after the transient transfection, the COS-7 cells are incubated for 1 hour with cell medium containing 5 ⁇ M of each specific substrate of the enzymes HaloTag and SnapTag, each of the substrates being covalently bound to a member of a couple of FREET partners and a pattern allowing it to cross the plasma membrane (manufactured for example according to the diagram of Figures 7 or 8).
- Example 10 Example of Induced Intracellular TR-FRET (FRB-FKBP)
- the method according to the invention is here applied to the demonstration of the interaction of the intracellular proteins FKBP12 and the FRB domain of the FRAP protein when rapamycin is added to the culture medium.
- FKBP12 is a 12 kDa protein that belongs to the family of immunophilins. Rapamycin binding to FKBP12 renders the protein cytosoluble by dissociating FKBP from these partners.
- the FRAP (or mTOR) protein contains the FRB domain: this domain is composed of 99 amino acids (corresponding to the mTOR sequence E2015 - Q 2114),
- Rapamycin is a molecule isolated from a bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus and commercially available. Rapamycin occupies two distinct hydrophobic pockets, one on FKBP and one on FRB, it binds both proteins at the same time.
- the PCR is made with Phosponase polymerase (Finnzyme) at a hybridization temperature of 72 ° C.
- the PCR product is digested with the enzymes NcoI-PstI, 1 h at 37 ° C, the enzymes are then inactivated at 80 0 C for 20 min.
- the plasmid pBAD-ST26-FRB supplied by Covaiys is digested with Ncol and
- the ligation is made by T4 ligase (Invitrogen).
- the ligation product is transformed into chemiocompetent bacteria Turbo cells
- Agar Sigma + 0.1 mg / ml ampicillin (Eurogentec) allowing the selection of bacteria with plasmid.
- the plasmid obtained pBAD-HT-FRB is purified on a column (QIAGEN) and controlled by sequencing.
- HT HT-FRB is amplified by PCR from the pBAD-HT-FRB template with the following primers:
- ERV-Nco-HT-s primer 5 'gcggatatcgccaccatgggatcc 3'
- Primer pBAD rev 5 'gttctgatttaatctgtatca 3'
- the PCR is made with the Phusion polymerase (Finnzyme) at a hybridization temperature of 72 ° C.
- the PCR product is digested with the enzymes EcoRV-AscI, 1 h at 37 0 C, the enzymes are then inactivated at 65 0 C for 20 min.
- the digested PCR product is transferred into a pSEM-XT cell expression plasmid (cova (ys) digested with EcoRV and AscI.
- the ligation is made by T4 Legase (Invitrogen).
- the ligation product is transformed into chemiocompetent bacteria Turbo cells (GenetherapySystem).
- the transformed bacteria are plated on LB-Agar medium (Sigma) + 0.1 mg / ml of ampicillin (Eurogentec) allowing the selection of the bacteria possessing the plasmid.
- L 1 plasmid DNA is obtained by purification on column (QIAGEN). ). The integrity of the sequence is verified by sequencing.
- the cassette corresponding to the coding sequence of the FKBP protein is isolated from the plasmid pBAD-ST-FKBP (Covalys) by PstI-AscI digestion, and transferred into a cell expression plasmid pSEMXT-26 (covalys).
- the ligation is made by T4 ligase (Invitrogen).
- the ligation product is transformed into chemiocompetent bacteria Turbo cells (GenetherapySystem).
- the transformed bacteria are plated on LB-Agar medium (Sigma) + 0.1 mg / ml of ampicillin (Eurogentec) allowing the selection of the bacteria possessing the plasmid.
- the plasmid DNA is obtained by column purification (QIAGEN). ). The integrity of the sequence is verified by sequencing.
- Cos-7 cells are transiently transfected with the two plasmid constructs (Halo-Tag-FRB and SNAP-Tag-FKBP) with lipofectamine 2000 or by 96-well plate electroporation at a cell concentration of 10,000 cells per well. .
- the COS-7 cells are incubated for 1 hour with cell medium containing 5 ⁇ M of each specific substrate of the enzymes HaloTag and SnapTag, each of the substrates being covalently bound to a member of a couple FRET partners and a pattern allowing it to cross the plasma membrane (manufactured for example according to the diagram of Figures 7 and 8).
- This example shows that the method according to the invention makes it possible to demonstrate a biological interaction in a living cell by means of the TR-FRET technique.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0509060A FR2890446B1 (fr) | 2005-09-05 | 2005-09-05 | Methode de detection d'interaction intracellulaire entre bio-molecules |
| PCT/FR2006/050838 WO2007028921A2 (fr) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-09-04 | Methode de detection d'interaction intracellulaire entre bio-molecules |
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| EP06808277A Withdrawn EP1929294A2 (fr) | 2005-09-05 | 2006-09-04 | Methode de detection d'interaction intracellulaire entre bio-molecules |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US8470523B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1929294A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2009506784A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2890446B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007028921A2 (fr) |
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| FR2934684B1 (fr) * | 2008-07-31 | 2012-11-16 | Cis Bio Int | Methode de detection de l'internalisation de proteines membranaires. |
| FR2936245B1 (fr) * | 2008-09-23 | 2012-07-06 | Cis Bio Int | Nouveaux substrats d'o6-alkylguanine-adn alkyltransferase et ses mutants. |
| KR101834574B1 (ko) | 2009-01-29 | 2018-03-05 | 커먼웰쓰 사이언티픽 앤드 인더스트리얼 리서치 오가니제이션 | G 단백질 커플링 수용체 활성화 측정 |
| WO2013091661A2 (fr) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-06-27 | Aarhus Universitet | Etiquette d'affinité protéique résistante à la protéolyse |
| CN104568861A (zh) * | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-29 | 华东理工大学 | 一种基于双分子互补的共价修饰标记来检测蛋白相互作用的方法 |
| US20150301030A1 (en) | 2014-04-22 | 2015-10-22 | Q-State Biosciences, Inc. | Models for parkinson's disease studies |
| WO2016054503A1 (fr) * | 2014-10-02 | 2016-04-07 | Q-State Biosciences, Inc. | Système et procédés pour l'évaluation d'une réponse à des stimuli |
| WO2016187543A1 (fr) | 2015-05-21 | 2016-11-24 | Q-State Biosciences, Inc. | Microscope optogénétique |
| US20190144912A1 (en) * | 2015-09-04 | 2019-05-16 | The Scripps Research Institute | Methods for identifying novel antibiotics and related compositions |
| US11708397B2 (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-07-25 | Howard Hughes Medical Institute | Chemigenetic calcium indicators |
| CN113238053B (zh) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-05-13 | 四川大学华西医院 | 一种用于检测stat3二聚化的质粒 |
| CN115704823B (zh) * | 2021-08-13 | 2025-09-26 | 南京大学 | 一种分析膜蛋白和膜相互作用的分子测力计及其制备方法 |
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| US4859777A (en) | 1981-07-01 | 1989-08-22 | Eastman Kodak Company | Terpyridine chelating agents |
| US4794191A (en) | 1981-07-01 | 1988-12-27 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fluorescent chelates |
| US4801722A (en) | 1981-07-01 | 1989-01-31 | Eastman Kodak Company | Coumarin chelates |
| US4837169A (en) | 1981-07-01 | 1989-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Polypyridine Fluorescent labels for immunoassay |
| US4670572A (en) | 1981-07-01 | 1987-06-02 | Eastman Kodak Company | Phenolic fluorescent labels |
| US4637988A (en) | 1981-07-01 | 1987-01-20 | Eastman Kodak Company | Fluorescent labels for immunoassay |
| FR2570703B1 (fr) | 1984-09-26 | 1988-07-08 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Complexes macropolycycliques de terres rares et application a titre de marqueurs fluorescents |
| US4761481A (en) | 1985-03-18 | 1988-08-02 | Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. | Substituted pyridine derivatives |
| US5106957A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1992-04-21 | Baxter Diagnostics Inc. | Fluorescent poly(arylpyridine) rare earth chelates |
| US5032677A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1991-07-16 | Baxter International Inc. | Fluorescent poly(arylpyridine) rare earth chelates |
| US5116989A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1992-05-26 | Baxter Diagnostics Inc. | Fluorescent poly(arylpyridine) rare earth chelates |
| US5055578A (en) | 1987-11-06 | 1991-10-08 | Baxter Diagnostics Inc. | Fluorescent poly(arylpyridine) rare earth chelates |
| FR2624862B1 (fr) | 1987-12-18 | 1990-06-08 | Oris Ind | Cryptates de terres rares, procedes d'obtention, intermediaires de synthese et application a titre de marqueurs fluorescents |
| US5202423A (en) | 1988-07-08 | 1993-04-13 | Wallac Oy | Terpyridine derivatives |
| SE8802575D0 (sv) | 1988-07-08 | 1988-07-08 | Wallac Oy | Terpyridine derivatives |
| JPH0466871A (ja) * | 1990-07-07 | 1992-03-03 | Eiji Ishikawa | 高感度な免疫測定法 |
| FR2672128B1 (fr) | 1991-01-28 | 1995-08-18 | Cis Bio Int | Procede de mesure de la luminescence emise dans un dosage par luminescence. |
| FI88654C (fi) | 1991-03-15 | 1993-06-10 | Datacity Center Oy | Fluorescenshoejningsmetod |
| FR2680787B1 (fr) | 1991-08-30 | 1994-11-04 | Cis Bio Int | Complexes macrocycliques de terres rares et leur utilisation pour reduire les interferences dans un dosage par fluorescence. |
| FR2810406B1 (fr) | 2000-06-15 | 2002-09-20 | Cis Bio Int | Nouveaux cryptates de terre rare peu sensibles a l'extinction de fluorescence |
| JP3643520B2 (ja) | 2000-07-04 | 2005-04-27 | 独立行政法人科学技術振興機構 | cGMP可視化プローブ及びそれを利用したcGMPの検出・定量方法 |
| WO2002039083A2 (fr) * | 2000-11-08 | 2002-05-16 | Science & Technology Corporation @ Unm | Analyses de fluorescence et de transfert de fluorescence (fret) de biomolecules liees a des perles |
| ATE419378T1 (de) | 2001-04-10 | 2009-01-15 | Ecole Polytech | Verfahren zur verwendung von o6-alkylguanin-dns alkyltransferasen |
| FR2840611B1 (fr) | 2002-06-06 | 2005-09-09 | Cis Bio Int | Entite fluorescente comportant un fluorophore lie de maniere covalente a au moins un oligonucleotide et comportant au moins un groupe fonctionnel et ses utilisations |
| JP2004053416A (ja) * | 2002-07-19 | 2004-02-19 | Zoegene Corp | C末端標識タンパク質を用いるタンパク質−分子間相互作用の解析方法 |
| EP1527333A1 (fr) * | 2002-08-01 | 2005-05-04 | Sensor Technologies LLC | Instrument de spectroscopie a correlation de fluorescence |
| DE60324331D1 (de) | 2002-12-20 | 2008-12-04 | Univ Wuerzburg J Maximilians | Millisekunden-aktivationsschalter für 7-transmembran-proteine |
| EP1594962B1 (fr) | 2003-01-31 | 2014-08-27 | Promega Corporation | Fixation covalente de groupes fonctionnels a des proteines |
-
2005
- 2005-09-05 FR FR0509060A patent/FR2890446B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2006
- 2006-09-04 WO PCT/FR2006/050838 patent/WO2007028921A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-09-04 JP JP2008529668A patent/JP2009506784A/ja active Pending
- 2006-09-04 EP EP06808277A patent/EP1929294A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-09-04 US US12/065,706 patent/US8470523B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| WO2007028921A2 (fr) | 2007-03-15 |
| US20090215106A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
| US8470523B2 (en) | 2013-06-25 |
| JP2009506784A (ja) | 2009-02-19 |
| FR2890446A1 (fr) | 2007-03-09 |
| WO2007028921A3 (fr) | 2007-06-07 |
| FR2890446B1 (fr) | 2008-04-18 |
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