Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N1/00—Pretreatment of moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27N—MANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
  • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
  • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the production of a gluable material for the board industry from fiber plants, a process for the production of intrinsically stable material plates from fiber plants, material plates produced according to the method and a use of the produced material.
• OSB Oriented Strand Board
• the building material disclosed therein is made of vegetable fibers, ie in the case of hemp, the material without shives, which is arranged in parallel and grouped in very specific packages.
• the two last-mentioned documents do not use the entire hemp plant, but only a part thereof, namely shives ( EP 1 181 138 B1 ) or fibers ( EP 0 404 679 B1 ). This means that the hemp plant must be elaborately processed before further processing.
• Go another way DE 197 56 046 A1 and DE 197 18 352 A1 Both try hemp processing products, eg. B. building materials or plates to produce by the use of the entire hemp plant.
• the invention is in the field of material plates, z.
• coarse chipboard which are also known as OSB plates (English: oriented strand board - plate of aligned chips). These are multi-layer boards, which are made of comparatively long, slim chips (English: strands) made of wood.
• coarse particleboard In contrast to flat pressure plates (chipboard), coarse particleboard have a higher flexural strength, so that coarse particleboard, unlike flat-pressed plates, can also be used for load-bearing purposes.
• the above-mentioned font DE 197 56 046 discloses the production of hemp processing products.
• hemp is chopped immediately after harvesting and stored in silos, whereby a plasticization of hemp chaff is achieved.
• the ensiled chopped material is then shredded in disc mills, resulting in a comparatively short product.
• the document does not give any details on plates produced therefrom. Due to the brevity of the shredded pieces produced, these are at best suitable for the production of flat pressed sheets.
• silage gases that adhere to the plate end product, so that the plates produced therefrom will emit an unpleasant odor.
• hemp After harvesting, hemp is left on the field and exposed to the so-called field roast, which dissolves pectins in the hemp stalk.
• the plants are then pressed into bales and subjected to fiber preparation.
• fibers and shives are separated from each other, with the aim is to obtain as shaver-free fibers.
• field roasting is not carried out, it is comparatively complicated to separate fibers and shives from one another.
• a method is disclosed WO 97/45573 ,
• Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a material which is suitable for the production of intrinsically stable material plates and can be produced inexpensively. Furthermore, the material provided without the use of synthetic Binding or supporting fibers to be processed to the material plates. Next, a method is to be provided with which can be produced in a simple manner compared to the prior art, inexpensive intrinsically stable material plates.
• the intrinsically stable material plates should preferably have such a strength that they can also be used for load-bearing purposes.
• a method for producing a glueable material for the board industry from fiber plants, especially hemp or flax or a mixture thereof involves shortening the fiber plants to a length of 2-30 cm, working up the fiber plants to partially dissolve fibers and woody parts from each other, and drying the fiber plants so that the material formed comprises stems, which fibers and woody parts of the Contain fiber plants. Fibers and woody particles remain essentially in their natural state; they are essentially connected.
• the shortening of the fiber plants can take place immediately after the mowing of the fiber plants in the green state or after roasting, in particular field roast.
• the fiber plants are squeezed, wherein the squeezing of the fiber plants is carried out in particular such that a longitudinal division of the fiber plants, in particular a quartering occurs, wherein the parts produced by the squeezing are still connected to each other via fibers.
• the crimped fiber plants are preferably worked up by rubbing the stem pieces between two counter-rotating plates or bands or by flinging the stem pieces against a stationary element, in particular a wall or a grid.
• the shortening and working up of the fiber plants can also be done by pressing the fiber plants into bales and chopping the bales as a whole.
• the drying is preferably carried out on a belt dryer, at the same time a cleaning step is included, with which foliage and seed levels are separated.
• the fiber plants are preferably roasted and are in particular hemp or flax or a mixture thereof.
• the fiber plants are used in the green state and it is in particular green hemp. Mixtures of roasted and green fiber plants, in particular of green and roasted hemp, are included.
• fiber plants in particular kenaf and miscanthus come into question.
• fiber plants and renewable raw materials will be mixed together.
• at least one further renewable raw material is added, in particular cereal straw, wood, sunflowers, kenaf, miscanthus or nettle.
• the scattering can be done without orientation or the fiber plant pieces are aligned in the manner of OSB boards in layers and glued.
• the intrinsically stable material plate made from fiber plants produced according to the invention preferably has a bulk density of 80-500 kg / m 3 .
• a glueable material for the panel industry is made from green hemp.
• Green hemp is understood to mean hemp in a form as it exists when the hemp plant is further processed on the field immediately after harvest without being subjected to the so-called field roast. The expression is independent of the maturation state of the hemp plant. Thus, it does not mean that the hemp is in an immature state, for example, prior to lignification of the stem or before completion of seed maturity, although use of the immature plant in the invention is also possible.
• the fiber plant in particular hemp, is preferably cut to a length of 2-30 cm, preferably 10-15 cm, squeezed and worked up to partially dissolve fibers and woody parts from each other.
• the green hemp is dried.
• a material is produced comprising stem pieces of green hemp.
• the fiber plant stem pieces contain both fibers and woody portions of the hemp plant, with fibers and woody portions remaining substantially interconnected.
• the hemp stalk is left in its natural composition and arrangement.
• the natural bond in the hemp stalk proved to be necessary in experiments to be able to produce load-bearing material plates, in particular coarse particle boards.
• the method according to the invention achieves precisely this, leaving fibers and woody parts in the natural arrangement, the processing step ensuring that the individual hemp stalk pieces experience a certain degree of crosslinking with each other, since the work-up process makes the fibrous portions to a certain extent be solved by the woody portion.
• the workup is not so far that a separation of fibers and woody fraction takes place but fibers and woody fractions remain substantially interconnected.
• the product produced according to the invention does not form a random but single piece, whereby individual pieces of stem stick together.
• the individual process steps can be carried out in any desired order and it is also possible to carry out individual process steps in a single step.
• the shortening of the green hemp to a length of 2-30 cm takes place immediately after mowing the hemp plants in the field. This can be done, for example, by using a shredder that cuts both the hemp plant above the ground and cuts the stick.
• the shredded plant can be blown onto a cart and then removed from the field. Thereafter, the plant pieces are dried and cleaned, in particular, leaf and seed shares are separated as possible. The dried stem pieces are then crimped, for example with rollers.
• hemp stem Due to the construction of the hemp stem is done by squeezing usually a quarter of lengthwise. However, the individual parts of the stem are not completely separated after squeezing, but are still stuck together via the fibers. The squeezing process also densifies the plant material. When storing the crushed material so the storage volume can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, the squeezed hemp stalk material for glue and binder is more amenable to processing into chipboard. Finally, the processing of the hemp stalk pieces, with an equalization or loosening is done. The processing can for example be done by counter-rotating plates by the stem pieces are transported on a conveyor belt over which a working in the opposite direction plate is arranged. The Entzerren can also be done by impinging the stem pieces of fixed objects, such as a wall or a grid.
• the hemp plant is mowed by default and possibly shortened to the usual length of 40-60 cm.
• the green hemp is pressed into bales. The whole bale is then promptly fed to a shredder, without the bale would need to be resolved.
• the shredder the green hemp is shortened to a length of 2-30 cm, squeezed and worked up.
• the intermediate product thus produced is dried and cleaned of leaves and seed residues.
• Advantage of this embodiment is that mowing and baling can be done with already known machines. Furthermore, the expenditure on equipment and time is reduced by the fact that the process steps of shortening, squeezing and working up take place in a single step.
• the drying step can be done for example by hot air drying on a belt dryer. There, the cleaning can be made, whereby foliage and seed levels are separated.
• the material produced by the method according to the invention consists of stem pieces.
• a separation in shives and fibers, as is done in the usual processing of fiber plants, especially hemp, does not take place.
• This material for the production of intrinsically stable material plates, in particular coarse particle boards can be used.
• the coarse particle board production can be carried out in the usual manner, as it is known for the production of OSB boards made of wood pulp - by layerwise alignment and gluing of the material according to the invention.
• roasted fiber plants are used. Consequently, fiber plants are used which are exposed after harvest to a roast, also known as rotting.
• the roasting process causes the pectins in the plant stem to become dissolved or dissolved.
• Known are the so-called.
• Tauröste in which the plant stems are designed in the field and exposed to the weather, and the so-called.
• Water roasting the plants are placed in water.
• z As well as the chemical roasting known.
• Known fiber plants that are often subjected to roasting are flax and hemp. The decisive factor now is that the roasted fiber plants are comminuted without separation into shives and fibers.
• shives and fibers remain essentially in their natural bond. Only pieces of fiber plants are produced. With the term “im Substantially in their natural bond "is expressed that there is no targeted separation of fiber plants in fibers and shives, but that can be done by the crushing process and, according to a preferred aspect, by the roast itself a certain separation of shives and fibers.
• a separation is currently not performed, but the roasted fiber plants are only crushed
• the pieces of fiber plants produced are in the order of 10 to 150 mm., After the comminution process, the pieces of fiber plants are glued in.
• the shredded crop produced ie the fiber plant pieces produced by the crushing process are scattered and pressed without alignment process.
• the invention also differs significantly from the known wood OSB boards, since, as the name implies, the wood chips are oriented, ie aligned.
• the comminution of the roasted fiber plants takes place in that the plants are pressed into bales after the roasting process and the bales are chopped as a whole.
• the manufacturing process is further simplified.
• the chopping process produces a relatively inhomogeneous starting material, ie fiber plant pieces. Since the bale is chopped as a whole, some plant pieces are relatively long and others are very short. One would expect dealing with such an inhomogeneous one Starting material can not produce plates with sufficient strength. Surprisingly, however, the opposite is the case.
• the material plates produced with the inhomogeneous chaff material had excellent stability and strength values in tests.
• further renewable raw materials are added to the starting material from fiber plant pieces.
• fiber plant pieces examples include cereal straw, wood, sunflowers, kenaf, miscanthus or nettle.
• hemp components such as fibers and / or shives, is possible.
• the produced self-supporting material plate preferably has a bulk density of 80 to 500 kg / m3.
• intrinsically stable material plate plate material that can be used for construction purposes. They are, similar to chipboard and OSB boards, also known as coarse chipboard, for any construction or construction purposes. Also for use as plaster base, such as the known wood wool lightweight panels, or as an acoustic panel for soundproofing the material plates are suitable.
• the material plates produced have a visually appealing surface. The coloring of the surface can z. B. be set via the pressing temperature. Depending on the pressing temperature, the green or brown tones predominate.
• a process for producing a glueable material for the plate industry from green hemp comprising shortening the green hemp to a length of 2-30 cm, squeezing the green hemp, working up the green hemp to partially dissolve fibers and woody fractions, and drying the green hemp such that the formed material comprises green hemp stem pieces containing fibers and woody portions of greenshoe, wherein fibers and woody portions remain substantially interconnected.
• the shortening of the green hemp takes place immediately after the mowing of the hemp plants.
• the squeezing of the green hemp takes place in such a way that a Longitudinal division of the hemp, in particular a quartering occurs, wherein the parts produced by the squeezing are still connected to each other via fibers.
• the crushed green hemp can be worked up by rubbing the stem pieces between two counter-rotating plates or bands or by flinging the stem pieces against a stationary member, in particular a wall or grid.
• mowed hemp is squeezed without field toast and the bale is chopped using a chopper, so that the steps of shortening to 2-30 cm, squeezing and working up are done in one step.
• the drying can be done on a belt dryer, at the same time a cleaning step is included, with which foliage and seed levels are separated.
• the roasted fiber plant is preferably hemp or flax or a mixture of hemp and flax.
• at least one further renewable raw material may be added, in particular cereal straw, wood, sunflowers, kenaf, miscanthus or nettle.
• the comminution of the roasted fiber plants is carried out in particular by crunching roasted fiber plants in a roasted state and chopping the bales as a whole.
• An intrinsically stable material plate of roasted fiber plants according to the invention has a bulk density of 80-500 kg / m 3 .

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-12-11 EP EP07122838A patent/EP1932643A3/fr not_active Withdrawn

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