EP1946607A2 - Transducteur electrodynamique, applications aux haut-parleurs et geophones - Google Patents
Transducteur electrodynamique, applications aux haut-parleurs et geophonesInfo
- Publication number
- EP1946607A2 EP1946607A2 EP06841994A EP06841994A EP1946607A2 EP 1946607 A2 EP1946607 A2 EP 1946607A2 EP 06841994 A EP06841994 A EP 06841994A EP 06841994 A EP06841994 A EP 06841994A EP 1946607 A2 EP1946607 A2 EP 1946607A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- magnets
- magnet
- internal
- vertical
- field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
- H04R9/02—Details
- H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2209/021—Reduction of eddy currents in the magnetic circuit of electrodynamic loudspeaker transducer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R2209/00—Details of transducers of the moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type covered by H04R9/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
- H04R2209/022—Aspects regarding the stray flux internal or external to the magnetic circuit, e.g. shielding, shape of magnetic circuit, flux compensation coils
Definitions
- Electrodynamic transducer applications to loudspeakers and geophones
- the present invention relates to an electrodynamic transducer and its applications to loudspeakers, geophones (sensor for seismograph), microphones or others.
- electrodynamic electrodynamic transducers with electrodynamic loudspeakers electrodynamic loudspeakers (electro-acoustic converters) generating acoustic waves as a function of a current or acoustic or acoustic sensor type (acoustic-electric converter) are known. generating an electrical signal according to a mechanical stimulus and many improvements have been proposed to increase their efficiency while reducing distortions for significant mechanical excursions.
- the general principle of operation is based, for axisymmetric loudspeakers with moving coils, on the possibility of setting in motion a cylindrical coil traversed by an electric current placed in a static magnetic field created by an annular permanent magnet whose direction of rotation. magnetization is parallel to the axis of revolution and a plurality of ferromagnetic parts channel to bring it radially facing the coil and, for the sensors, to recover the induced current in a coil moving in a static magnetic field.
- the magnetic field is produced by one or more fixed permanent magnets of the transducer. Since the efficiency is proportional to the magnetic field, it is necessary to concentrate the lines of the magnetic field on the coil with parts leading to said magnetic field lines and which are ferromagnetic.
- a ferromagnetic material generally used is soft iron. So we had to talk about an air gap to indicate where is placed the coil.
- the structures conventionally used in these transducers use such so-called ferromagnetic parts to loop the magnetic field so that it can pass through the coil in the gap.
- a ferromagnetic material has the property of having a much greater magnetic permeability than vacuum, which has the particular effect of channeling and conducting the magnetic flux as long as the material is not saturated.
- Soft iron, iron and cobalt or iron and nickel alloys are ferromagnetic.
- a nonmagnetic material is a material that does not have magnetic properties, its permeability with respect to the magnetic field is the same as the vacuum or the air, it does not have property of channeling or conduction of the magnetic field. Wood, light alloys, copper, plastics are non-magnetic.
- the application EP 1 553 802 Ohashi relates to a symmetrical loudspeaker with double diaphragm and external magnetic structure with a stack of magnets with vertical, horizontal and vertical poles.
- the present invention proposes to take advantage of all the power of the magnets by avoiding the use of ferromagnetic or magnetic materials to loop back by physical guidance the magnetic field created by one or more magnets of a transducer.
- the invention relates to an electrodynamic transducer with a carcass and in which at least one electrical coil placed in a static magnetic field can move about a rest position in an excursion zone of a vertical free space, the the coils being wound and fixed on a vertical straight cylindrical segment of circular or elliptical section forming a mandrel, a return means making it possible to return the mandrel carrying the coil (s) to the rest position in the absence of external stress, the right cylinder defining an internal volume towards the inside of said cylinder and an external volume towards the outside of said cylinder, (for the explanations and since there is no looping of the magnetic field by physical elements, the internal and external volumes that are virtual are not limited upwards and downwards unlike the mandrel which is limited in height and is a material part of the transducer.)
- the magnetic field is produced by an external magnetic structure (outside said cylinder) comprising at least one fixed permanent magnet in the form of a ring disposed in the external volume as well as an internal magnetic structure
- the motor has no ferromagnetic or magnetic part extended between the external volume and the internal volume.
- the right cylinder is a cylinder whose generatrices are perpendicular to the base plane.
- the basic plane is a disk and therefore that the generator circulates on a circle, we have to make a cylinder of revolution (such as for example a circular speaker).
- the basic plane can be of another shape and in particular elliptical (as for example in an elliptical loudspeaker), or even polygonal and, in the latter case, notably substantially square or rectangular with possibly rounded corners.
- the ring shape corresponds substantially (to a radial homothety) to the cylindrical shape of the mandrel.
- a polar exit face is a magnet face through which the magnetic field inside the magnet can escape from the magnet, it is called polar because it can be a north sign or a south sign, an attachment of Polar faces of opposite signs of two adjoining adjacent magnets correspond to the fact that a south face is in contact with a north face.
- a horizontal (or vertical or other) internal field indicates the general direction of the magnetic field lines inside a magnet and the faces of the magnet that are parallel to this direction are not polar exit faces.
- the term "carcass” generally corresponds to one or more fixed parts of the transducer on which are fixed movable members (suspensions in particular) or fixed members (magnets of the motor in particular) and which make it possible to maintain these organs in functional relationships. Fixed dynamics allowing normal operation of the transducer. In the case of a loudspeaker, the carcass is the rear part (opposite to the membrane which is at the front) rigid on which are fixed, peripherally, a suspension for the membrane and, centrally, the magnets of the engine .
- the term vertical free space corresponds to the zone in which the mandrel carrying the coil (s) and the faces of said zone which correspond to the borders of the internal and external magnetic structures are preferentially substantially straight and vertical in cross-section. can nevertheless be bypassed for adjustment of the magnetic field in the vertical free space.
- non-ferromagnetic and non-magnetic material is a light alloy or a plastic material (thermoplastic or thermosetting),
- the transducer does not include any ferromagnetic part
- the ratio R remains between 0.9 and 1.1, because even if at least one ferromagnetic piece not extended between the external volume and the internal volume is present, said ferromagnetic part is saturated by the magnetic field and its magnetic permeability properties are then close to those of non-magnetic materials, at least one ferromagnetic part is present, said ferromagnetic part being not extended between the external volume and the internal volume and neither being disposed in the volume delimited by the horizontal planes passing through the ends of the coil (s) in position rest,
- the magnets with vertical or substantially vertical internal fields facing each side of the vertical free space have vertical or substantially vertical internal fields of opposite directions
- the magnets with horizontal internal fields facing each side of the vertical free space have horizontal internal fields of the same direction
- the internal magnetic structure is a ring
- the external stress is mechanical on the mandrel and the coil (s) can be traversed by a tension electrical induced by the movements of the mandrel especially in the case of an application to a geophone or a microphone,
- the external stress is electrical and that the coil (s) can be traversed by an electric current intended to create a resultant force causing the displacement of the mandrel, in particular in the case of an application to a loudspeaker and during the upward movement or towards the bottom of the mandrel, displacement produced by a corresponding current of corresponding direction, the mandrel is braked after a free run around the rest position, the resulting force decreasing and reversing for the same direction of current beyond the free run, the or at least one of the coils being then subjected to a magnetic field of direction inverted with respect to the direction of the magnetic field to which it was subjected previously,
- the transducer comprises in the external and / or internal magnetic structure, vertically, an upper magnet separated from a lower magnet by an interval, magnets of substantially square or rectangular sections whose inner fields are vertical and of opposite directions and in the case where internal and external magnetic structures are present at the same time, the magnets opposite each side of the vertical free space have internal fields of opposite directions,
- the transducer further comprises a fixed intermediate magnet of substantially square or rectangular cross-section, disposed in the gap and having a horizontal direction of the internal field, so that the intermediate magnetic field in the vertical free space is in the opposite direction with respect to in the sense of the two up and down magnetic fields of said vertical free space for maximum looping of the field lines (with respect to other interior field sense configurations in which magnets would be in opposition, which would lead to a reduction of the field in the vertical free space),
- the horizontal thickness of the intermediate magnet is lower (or in variants greater than or equal to) to the horizontal width of each corresponding upper or lower magnet
- the upper, lower magnets with opposing vertical inner fields and the corresponding intermediate magnet if any, are not contiguous, (upper and lower magnet structure not contiguous or upper, intermediate and lower magnet structure not contiguous)
- the upper and / or lower magnets and / or the optional intermediate magnet are composite and formed of an assembly of magnets with substantially prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated triangular sections and whose adjacent polar field exit faces of two contiguous magnets are contiguous on all their surfaces and of opposite signs,
- the transducer comprises in the external and / or internal magnetic structure a ring or pellet (ring in the case of the external magnetic structure) (ring or pellet in the case of the internal magnetic structure) magnetic composite with a generally square or rectangular section formed a stack of magnets joined together, each magnet being of prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated triangular section and the adjacent polar field output side faces of two adjoining magnets are of opposite signs, with from top to bottom: a upper magnet of horizontal inner field and whose vertical height decreases when one moves away from the vertical free space, a vertical intermediate magnet of vertical internal field and whose height vertically increases when one moves away from the vertical free space, a lower horizontal horizontal field magnet and whose vertical height decreases as one moves away from the vertical free space, the horizontal inner field direction of the upper magnet being opposed to the horizontal inner field direction of the lower magnet, the horizontal and vertical inner field directions of the magnets being such that the high magnetic field in the vertical free space is in the opposite direction to the direction of the low magnetic field of said vertical free space and for maximum
- the transducer comprises in the external and / or internal magnetic structure a ring or pellet (ring in the case of the external magnetic structure) (ring or pellet in the case of the internal magnetic structure) with a generally square or rectangular cross-section formed of a stack of magnets joined to each other, each magnet being of prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated triangular section and the adjacent polar field output side faces of two adjoining magnets are of opposite signs, with from top to bottom: a magnet greater than first horizontal internal field direction and whose vertical height decreases as one moves away from the vertical free space, a high intermediate magnet in the first direction of vertical internal field, a central magnet in the second direction of horizontal internal field opposite to the first direction of horizontal inner field and whose vertical height decreases when moving away from free space vertical, a low intermediate magnet in the second direction of vertical internal field opposite to the first sense of vertical internal field, a lower magnet with a first horizontal horizontal field of view and whose vertical height decreases as one moves away from the vertical free space, the mean horizontal and vertical internal fields of
- the preceding transducer therefore has a single central coil or, then, three coils: high, central, low (of direction of flow of alternating current between two adjacent coils),
- At least one of the magnets of the external and / or internal magnetic structure results from the joining of at least two magnets with oblique and in particular triangular or triangular truncated sections with an oblique internal field direction and the polar faces of the output of the internal field adjacent magnets are opposite signs, the vertical face of the magnetic structure opposite the face bordering the vertical free space can then be indented,
- the vertical face of the magnetic structure opposite the face bordering the vertical free space does not have a polar exit face
- the transducer comprises in the external and / or internal magnetic structure, vertically, a stack of an upper magnet separated from a lower magnet by an interval, magnets of approximately square or rectangular cross section whose interior fields are horizontal and in opposite directions, the transducer having two opposing current-flow coils arranged at rest substantially at the height of the upper and lower magnets respectively,
- the magnets facing each side of the vertical free space have internal fields of the same direction
- the gap between the upper and lower magnets is zero, said magnets being contiguous,
- the magnetic structure further comprises, towards its external face opposite to the side bordering the vertical free space, at a distance or, preferably attached to the upper and lower magnets, a lateral magnet of substantially square or rectangular cross-section with a vertical internal field, the faces adjacent inner field output poles of the upper magnet and the side magnet which are substantially perpendicular to each other being of opposite signs, the adjacent polar field output side faces of the lower magnet and the lateral magnet which are substantially perpendicular to each other being of opposite signs,
- the vertical length of the lateral magnet is less than the total height of the stack
- the magnetic structure further comprises, towards its external face opposite to the face bordering the vertical free space, at a distance or, preferably attached to the upper and lower magnets, a composite lateral magnet of substantially prismatic section resulting from the joining of at least two magnets of triangular or truncated triangular section with oblique direction of internal field, the adjacent polar surface exit faces of the upper magnet and the corresponding magnet of the composite lateral magnet being of opposite sign, the faces poles of adjacent interior field of two magnets contiguous to the composite lateral magnet being of opposite signs, the faces adjacent inner field exit poles of the lower magnet and the corresponding magnet of the composite side magnet being of opposite sign,
- the maximum vertical length of the composite lateral magnet is equal to or less than the total height of the assembly
- the magnetic structures correspond to an assembly of edge-to-edge magnetic rings are monobloc, the structure being a mass of magnetic material comprising in its interior zones with magnetizations of different directions,
- the transducer comprises in the external and / or internal magnetic structure, vertically, an upper magnet separated from a lower magnet by an interval, magnets of substantially square or rectangular sections whose internal fields are horizontal and of the same direction and in the case where internal and external magnetic structures are present at the same time, the magnets opposite each side of the vertical free space have internal fields of the same direction,
- the transducer further comprises a fixed intermediate magnet of substantially square or rectangular cross-section, disposed in the gap and having a horizontal direction of the internal field, so that the intermediate magnetic field in the vertical free space is in the opposite direction with respect to in the sense of the two magnetic fields up and down said vertical free space for maximum looping of field lines (compared to other inner-field sense configurations in which magnets would be in opposition, which would lead to a reduction of the field in the vertical free space), (in other words the direction of the field horizontal interior of the intermediate magnet is opposite the direction of the horizontal inner field of the upper and lower magnets)
- the horizontal thickness of the intermediate magnet is less than, equal to or greater than the horizontal width of each corresponding upper or lower magnet
- the upper, lower magnets with opposing vertical inner fields and the corresponding intermediate magnet if any, are not contiguous, (upper and lower magnet structure not contiguous or upper, intermediate and lower magnet structure not contiguous)
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure, vertically, an outer upper magnet separated from an outer lower magnet by an outer gap, external magnets whose inner fields are vertical and of opposite directions, and in the inner magnetic structure, vertically, an inner upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, internal magnets whose inner fields are vertical and of opposite directions, the inner and outer upper magnets being substantially at the same height on either side of the vertical free space and opposite internal field of view, the inner and outer lower magnets being substantially at the same height on both sides of the the vertical free space and opposite internal field of view, a ring-shaped fixed external intermediate magnet being disposed in the outer gap and a ring-shaped fixed internal intermediate magnet being disposed in the internal gap; internal and external intermediate magnets having the same horizontal direction of internal field and such that the intermediate magnetic field in the vertical free space is of direction opposite to the direction of the two magnetic fields up and down of said vertical free space for maximum looping field lines (with respect to other configurations of inner field line directions in which magnets would be in opposition,
- the horizontal thickness of the intermediate magnet is lower or greater (in an equal variant) than the horizontal width of the corresponding upper and lower magnets, either external magnets or internal magnets,
- the intermediate magnet is not attached to its corresponding upper and lower magnets
- the transducer comprises three coils with alternating current flow direction from one coil to the other, each in one of the fields of the vertical free space, (FIG.
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure, vertically, an outer upper magnet separated from an outer lower magnet by an outer gap, external magnets having ring shapes with a prismatic section and in particular triangular or triangular truncated whose interior fields are horizontal and opposite directions, on the other hand, in the internal magnetic structure, vertically, an inner upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, internal magnets having ring shapes with prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated triangular section, the internal fields are horizontal and of opposite directions, the inner and outer upper magnets being substantially at the same height on either side of the vertical free space and of the same internal field direction, the inner and outer lower magnets being substantially at the same height on either side of the vertical free space and of the same internal field direction, the height of the gap decreasing when one approaches the vertical free space, a fixed external intermediate magnet having a ring shape with a prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated triangular section being disposed in the outer gap and an intermediate
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure, an outer composite ring with a generally square or rectangular section formed of a stack of magnets joined together, each magnet having a ring shape with a prismatic section in particular triangular or truncated triangular complementary to its neighbors and in that the adjacent polar field exit faces of two adjoining magnets are of opposite signs, with from top to bottom: an upper external magnet in the first direction of horizontal horizontal field and whose vertical height decreases when moving away from the vertical free space, a top vertical external first-vertical middle-field magnet, a horizontal second-field external second-internal central magnet opposite to the first horizontal inner-field direction and whose vertical height decreases when moving away from the vertical free space, an external lower intermediate magnet in the second direction of vertical internal field opposite to the first direction of vertical vertical field, a lower external magnet in the first direction of horizontal internal field and whose vertical height decreases when moving away from the vertical free space, and on the other hand, in the internal magnetic structure, vertically, a tubular composite core
- the transducer further comprises a high coil above the central coil, a low coil below the central coil, the transducer having three coils, and in that at rest, the high coil is substantially disposed at the height of the upper magnets, the central coil is substantially disposed at the height of the central magnets, the low coil is substantially disposed at the height of the lower magnets, the direction of circulation current in the central coil being inverted with respect to the direction in the high and low coils, (FIG. 7)
- At least one of the intermediate magnets is an assembly of two magnets contiguous in the form of rings with prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated triangular complementary sections whose internal field directions are inclined at less than 90 ° with respect to the vertical, and the adjacent polar surface exit faces of the paired magnets are of opposite sign, the vertical face of the magnetic structure opposite the face bordering the vertical free space can then be indented and without a face polar output,
- At least one of the intermediate magnets is an assembly of two contiguous magnets in the form of rings with prismatic and in particular triangular or truncated complementary triangular sections whose internal field directions are inclined at approximately 45 ° in absolute value with respect to the vertical, and in that the adjacent polar field exit faces of the paired magnets are of opposite signs, the vertical face of the magnetic structure opposite the face bordering the vertical free space can then be indented,
- the vertical face of the magnetic structure opposite the face bordering the vertical free space does not have a polar exit face
- the prismatic section of the magnets is a triangular section
- the external magnetic structure comprises, vertically, the stack of an upper external magnet connected to an external lower magnet, external magnets of approximately square or rectangular cross section, whose internal fields are horizontal and of opposite directions, the external magnetic structure comprising in in addition to its external face opposite to the face bordering the vertical free space, attached to the assembly, an external lateral magnet of substantially square or rectangular cross section of vertical internal field, the adjacent polar surface output side of the magnet upper and lateral magnet which are substantially perpendicular to each other being of opposite signs, the adjacent polar surface exit faces of the lower magnet and the lateral magnet which are substantially perpendicular to each other being of opposite signs , the transducer having two opposing current flow coils disposed at u rest each substantially at the height of the upper and lower magnets,
- the vertical height of the external lateral magnet is less than the vertical height of the stack
- the vertical height of the external lateral magnet is equal to the vertical height of the stack
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure, vertically, the stack of an outer upper magnet joined to an outer lower magnet, outer magnets of approximately square or rectangular cross section whose interior fields are horizontal and of opposite directions, the external magnetic structure further comprising, towards its external face opposite to the face bordering the vertical free space, attached to the assembly, an external lateral magnet of substantially square section or Rectangular vertical vertical field, the adjacent polar field output side faces of the upper magnet and the lateral magnet which are substantially perpendicular to each other being of opposite signs, the adjacent polar field output side faces of the lower magnet and lateral magnet which are substantially perpendicular to each other being of opposite signs, secondly, in the internal magnetic structure, vertically, an inner upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, magnets internal having shapes of rings with prismatic section and in particular triangular or truncated triangular whose internal fields are horizontal and of opposite directions, the height of the internal gap decreasing when one approaches the vertical free space, a magnet intermediate inner fixed ring-shaped prismatic
- the vertical height of the external lateral magnet is less than the vertical height of the stack
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure of substantially truncated triangular section, vertically, an outer upper magnet separated from an outer lower magnet by an outer gap, external magnets having triangular section ring shapes; or truncated triangular whose inner fields are vertical and of opposite directions, on the other hand, in the internal magnetic structure of substantially truncated triangular section, vertically, an inner upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, internal magnets having triangular section ring shapes having vertical and opposite internal fields, the inner and outer upper magnets being substantially at the same height on either side of the vertical free space and opposite field directions inside, the inner and outer lower magnets being substantially at the same height from Another is the vertical free space and opposite inner-field directions, the height of the gap increasing as one approaches the vertical free space, a fixed external intermediate magnet having a ring-like shape.
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure, vertically, an outer upper magnet separated from an outer lower magnet by an outer gap, external magnets whose inner fields are horizontal and of the same direction, and in the inner magnetic structure, vertically, an inner upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, internal magnets whose inner fields are horizontal and in the same direction, the inner and outer upper magnets being substantially at the same height on either side of the vertical free space
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure, vertically, an outer upper magnet separated from an outer lower magnet by an outer gap, external magnets whose inner fields are vertical and of opposite directions, and part, in the structure internally magnetic, vertically, an internal upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, internal magnets whose inner fields are vertical and of opposite directions, the inner and outer upper magnets being substantially at the same height of the part and other of the vertical free space and opposite internal field of view, the inner and outer lower magnets being substantially at the same height on either side of the opposite vertical and opposite internal field of view, a magnet external intermediate being disposed in the outer gap and an inner intermediate magnet being disposed in the inner gap, the inner and outer intermediate magnets having the same horizontal direction of the inner field and such that the intermediate magnetic field in the free space vertical direction in opposite direction to the direction of the two magnetic fields up and down said vertical free space to maximum looping of the field lines, the corresponding intermediate, upper and lower magnets, either external magnets or inner magnets, being contiguous to one
- the transducer comprises: on the one hand, in the external magnetic structure of generally truncated triangular cross-section with vertically vertically vertically vertically opposite vertex, an outer upper magnet separated from an outer lower magnet by an external gap, external magnets of which the Inner fields are vertical and in opposite directions, the height of the outer gap increasing as one approaches the vertical free space, an external intermediate magnet in the outer gap and complementarily attached to the upper and lower external magnets, the external magnets being in the shape of a triangular or truncated triangular section ring, on the other hand, in the internal magnetic structure of generally rectangular or square section, vertically, an inner upper magnet separated from an inner lower magnet by an internal gap, internal magnets whose inner fields are vertical and opposite in direction, the inner and outer upper magnets having opposite inner field directions, the inner and outer lower magnets having opposite inner field senses, an inner intermediate magnet being disposed in the internal gap, the inner and outer intermediate magnets having the same meaning horiz internal field and in such a way that the intermediate magnetic field in the vertical free
- the rings for external and internal magnetic structures
- pellets for the internal magnetic structure where possible
- magnets are continuous circumferentially, the magnets being in one piece, (monolithic ring / monobloc)
- the rings (for external and internal magnetic structures) or pellets (for the internal magnetic structure when possible) magnets are circumferentially composite, the rings / pellets resulting from an assembly by circumferentially joining magnetic pieces together to form said rings or pellets,
- the external or internal magnetic structures are monolithic / monoblock, (a block magnet with an internal magnetic field that can have different orientations / directions depending on the location)
- the external or internal magnetic structures are composite by assembling rings / pellets themselves in one piece or not, (monolithic rings / pellets / monoblocks or composites)
- the mandrel has a horizontal cross section in a circle
- the mandrel has an elliptical horizontal cross-section
- a ferromagnetic liquid (ferrofluid) is disposed in the vertical free space and forms at least one ferrofluid seal, (unilateral / aux or bilateral)
- ferrofluidic joint is discontinuous along the periphery of the mandrel
- the ferrofluid joint is continuous along the periphery of the mandrel (it is pneumatically sealed and makes it possible to isolate the rear part of the membrane from the environment and avoids an acoustic short circuit in the case where the peripheral membrane suspension with type of edge would be absent - speaker without ferrofluid-guided edge)
- a ferromagnetic liquid is disposed in the vertical free space in the internal volume to form at least one internal unilateral ferrofluid seal, (in the internal volume inside the cylinder / mandrel, the ferromagnetic liquid being therefore between the mandrel and the internal magnetic structure of the motor)
- a ferromagnetic liquid is disposed in the vertical free space in the external volume to form at least one external unilateral ferrofluid seal, (in the external volume outside the cylinder / mandrel, the ferromagnetic liquid being therefore between the mandrel and the external magnetic structure of the motor)
- a ferromagnetic liquid is disposed in the vertical free space in the external volume and in the internal volume to form at least one external unilateral ferrofluid seal and an internal unilateral ferrofluid seal or, at the very least, at least one bilateral ferrofluid seal,
- the transducer comprises a ferromagnetic liquid disposed in the vertical free space and forms at least one ferrofluid seal between the mandrel and at least one of the two faces of the vertical free space,
- the transducer is a dome-shaped loudspeaker and has no spider suspension or suspension, the guide of the mandrel being ensured by at least two ferromagnetic ferromagnetic fluid seals, at least one of the ferrofluidic joints being continuous on the periphery of the mandrel for pneumatically isolating the volume of air behind the dome (volume inside the speaker) of the ambient air (the ambient air is that which bathes the front face of the dome),
- the joints are arranged in height on the same side of the coil or coils, (all above or all below) - in the case of several coils, at least one of the joints is above or below all the coils, (the other or the other joints may be between the coils or completely on the other side of the coils)
- the joints are arranged in height on either side of the coil, (in the case of several coils, one can have two extreme seals on either side of all the coils and / or joints between each reel / groups of reels)
- At least one of the ferrofluidic joints is unilateral internally, the ferromagnetic liquid of said seal being disposed in the internal volume, the internal volume is inside the coil-carrying mandrel, the ferromagnetic liquid therefore being between the mandrel and the internal magnetic structure )
- At least one of the ferrofluidic joints is unilateral external, the ferromagnetic liquid of said seal being disposed in the external volume, the external volume is outside the coil-carrying mandrel, the ferromagnetic liquid therefore being between the mandrel and the external magnetic structure )
- At least one of the ferrofluidic joints is bilateral, the ferromagnetic liquid of said seal being disposed in the external volume and in the internal volume at substantially the same height for the same bilateral joint,
- the loudspeaker contains only unilateral ferrofluid seals, either exclusively external or exclusively internal,
- ferrofluidic joints are arranged in the space where the volume is the smallest, (in practice on the face of the mandrel which does not carry the coil)
- the ferrofluidic joints are unilateral external, the coil is arranged in the internal volume on the internal face of the mandrel and when the joints are unilateral internal, the coil is placed in the external volume on the outer face of the mandrel, the loudspeaker further comprises means for returning the coil,
- the loudspeaker further comprises a means for returning the coil chosen from one or more of the following means:
- the internal magnetic structure being open towards said closed volume which comprises a device for regulating its internal pressure, in particular by regulating the temperature of the air contained in said closed volume; (for balancing the pressures between the closed volume and the external environment in the long term, with a long time constant with respect to the frequencies to be reproduced)
- said quasi-closed volume comprising a minimal pneumatic leak (in general: a means equalization of pressure with a long time constant) whose time constant is very long compared to the frequencies to be reproduced, said leakage being in particular in the form of a porous material or a very small diameter orifice or a thin tube (capillary tube type or needle) to the outside of the speaker;
- each vertical joint segment being in relation to a deformation along a vertical generatrix segment of the mandrel (or an oblique), the vertical deformations (or oblique) being defined so as to create a restoring force proportional to the displacement of the coil;
- the dome loudspeaker comprises two internal unilateral ferrofluid seals, at least one of which is continuous, said ferrofluid seals being arranged in concave deformations seen from inside the mandrel (the means for confining the magnetic field in the vertical free space are therefore arranged at these levels), the coil being disposed on the outer face of the mandrel to the external volume (the ferrofluid is therefore advantageously disposed in the internal volume which is much smaller than the internal volume) and the membrane is loaded by a volume quasi-closed at the rear of the dome, the internal magnetic structure being axially open towards said quasi-closed volume arranged behind the internal magnetic structure, said quasi-closed volume comprising a pneumatic leak whose time constant is very long compared to the frequencies to be reproduced, said leak being an orifice with a very small diameter towards the outside.
- the advantages resulting from the invention in addition to obtaining a more intense field in which the moving coil is immersed, is to reduce the number of parts of the transducer, to allow a greater possibility of movement of the coil support mandrel and / or a reduction in size due to the absence of hardware loopback by a ferromagnetic or magnetic part of the magnetic field between the internal and external volumes.
- the dynamic behavior of the transducer is improved by the fact that the inductance of the coil remains generally constant regardless of its position due to the absence of ferromagnetic material in the motor or in the case where such materials would be present, a negligible effect because of their small amount compared to traditional solutions that use a loopback of the magnetic field with a ferromagnetic part extended between the internal and external spaces of the engine.
- the magnets used and which are arranged in the form of a ring generally consist of magnetic sectors in a circular arc. circle juxtaposed circularly and whose internal magnetization of each sector is parallel.
- the difference between the direction of the parallel field lines of each segment and ideal, ie radial, field lines causes deformation of the magnetic field to which the line is subjected. coil, especially in areas where the sectors are adjacent, these deformations are less than for such a ring in an internal structure.
- This field deformation in the areas where the sectors are adjacent is maximum for an internal structure due to the divergence of the internal field lines to the outside. It has even been seen that this divergence causes a loopback inward of the magnetic field in this area, the field is reversed therein relative to the other parts of the magnetic ring.
- the coil which is external with respect to such an internal structure is therefore not subject to a homogeneous field along its circumference, some parts of the coil being subjected to inverted fields (in areas where the sectors are adjacent) by compared to others. As a result, the overall field to which the coil is subjected over its entire circumference is much smaller than expected. This field inversion occurs even for adjacent sectors coming into contact with each other.
- the ring of the internal structure is much more curved (smaller diameter) than the ring of the external structure and the difference between the directions of the internal magnetizations and the radii (ideal radial direction of the field lines). is much bigger.
- a motor with internal structure only has poor characteristics compared to a motor with external structure, the latter is however not optimal because of the structure of the field lines.
- the fact of combining an external structure and an internal structure improves the quality of the field in which the coil is immersed, thanks to a reciprocal guiding effect of the field lines between and in these two structures.
- We could even show that the combination of an external structure and an internal structure provides a field at the coil, which is about twice as high as that obtained solely by an external structure. Such a gain is obtained with a much smaller quantity of magnetic matter than it would have been necessary to use for the same result with a single structure either external or internal.
- the implementation of at least one ferromagnetic part under the conditions indicated makes it possible, on the one hand, to increase the overall field to which the coil is subjected by reducing leaks outside the motor and, on the other hand, to better control the shape of the ends of the magnetic field plate along the height of the motor.
- these parts are also useful in the case of the implementation of ferrofluid seals. Indeed, these are placed preferentially in areas of high variation (gradient) of the magnetic field and which are high field.
- Figure 1 which shows schematically a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising three contiguous magnetized annular rings, the directions of internal magnetizations are axial (vertical) and opposite directions for the two rings lower and upper, the direction of internal magnetization of the intermediate ring (central) is radial (horizontal) and direction additive to the two previous ones with regard to the magnetic induction created on the coil, completed by Figure 1A which represents a part cross section AA 'of the transducer of Figure 1 in a composite construction of the rings;
- FIG. 2 which diagrammatically represents a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures of generally square or, here, rectangular sections each comprising an assembly of three rings of adjoining complementary (composite) triangular sections or, preferably, a single ring ( monoblock) in which the direction of magnetization varies in the thickness of the material of the one-piece ring, and two coils with opposite flow direction of flow;
- FIG. 3 which schematically represents a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures of generally square or, here, rectangular sections each comprising five rings of adjoining complementary (composite) triangular sections or, preferably, a single ring (monoblock) in which direction of magnetization varies in the thickness of the material of the one-piece ring;
- FIG. 4 which schematically represents a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures similar to those of FIG. 3 but in which three coils with a direction of current flow alternate from one coil to the other (the two extreme coils have the same direction of circulation which is opposite to the flow direction of the current in the intermediate coil);
- FIG. 5 which schematically represents a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures resulting from a combination of a variant of means implemented in FIG. 2, with for the internal magnetic structure three rings of triangular sections and for the external magnetic structure two radial magnetization rings (horizontal) contiguous, an axial magnetization ring (vertical) enclosing them externally, another variant of the external magnetic structure being shown in FIG. 5a;
- FIG. 6 which shows schematically a transducer with an external magnetic structure corresponding to a variant of the means implemented in Figure 5 for the external magnetic structure and another variant Figure 6a;
- FIG. 7 which schematically represents a transducer with internal and external magnetic structures corresponding to alternative means implemented in FIG. 4 and with three coils with alternating current direction of travel (the two extreme coils have the same sense of circulation which is opposed to the flow direction of the current in the intermediate coil);
- FIG. 8 which schematically shows a transducer with internal and external magnetic structures derived from those of Figure 3 but the upper and lower magnets external and internal being omitted;
- FIG. 9 which schematically represents a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising three magnetized annular rings, the magnetization directions being radial (horizontal) and in the same direction for the two lower and upper rings, the magnetization direction the intermediate ring (central) being radial (horizontal) but in the opposite direction to the two previous ones, completed by FIG. 9A, which represents part of the cross-section AA 'of the transducer of FIG. 9;
- FIG. 10 which schematically shows a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures resulting from a variant of the means implemented in Figure 4 with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising three contiguous magnetized rings, the directions of internal magnetizations are axial (vertical) and of opposite directions for the two lower and upper rings, the internal magnetization direction of the intermediate (central) ring is radial (horizontal) and additive direction to the two previous ones with regard to the magnetic induction created on the coil, as well as with four ferromagnetic plates arranged, two, on the upper rings and, two, under the lower rings and two ferromagnetic plates of internal magnetic structure at the corners upper and lower ends of the inner intermediate ring to the vertical free space;
- FIG 1 1 which schematically shows a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures resulting from an alternative means implemented in Figures 8 and 10 with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising three magnetized rings contiguous, the directions of internal magnetizations are axial (vertical) and of opposite directions for the two lower and upper rings, the direction of internal
- FIG. 12 which schematically represents a transducer with an external magnetic structure comprising two annular permanent magnets spaced apart whose vertical magnetization directions are opposite, and an internal magnetic structure which also comprises two annular permanent magnets spaced apart whose meanings vertical magnetization are contrary to each other, and for each of them contrary to the direction of the external magnet vis-a-vis;
- Figure 13 which is similar to the implementation of Figure 12 and further comprises ferromagnetic parts annular plate type, outside the planes defining the coil at rest and in its normal movements (normal excursion area );
- Figure 14 which schematically shows a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising a trapezoidal section ring with vertex facing the vertical free space and two coils with opposite flow direction of flow;
- Figure 15 which schematically shows a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures resulting from a combination of alternative means and wherein the external magnetic structure comprises three magnetic rings separated by nonmagnetic spacers and the internal magnetic structure comprises two magnetic rings;
- FIG. 16 which shows schematically a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising a radial magnet ring (horizontal);
- FIG. 17 which schematically represents a transducer with external and internal magnetic structures resulting from a combination of means variants and in which the external magnetic structure comprises three magnetic rings separated by non-magnetic spacers and the internal magnetic structure comprises two magnetic rings. .
- the means maintaining the mandrel are conventional suspension type direct or not to the carcass and in the latter case through a cone or dome membrane.
- the application of the transducer to a loudspeaker has been considered and not all the loudspeaker elements have been shown in detail to simplify said drawings.
- a vertical plane section of dome speaker left only, plane passing through the vertical axis of circular symmetry of the mandrel, the dome being upwards, and the suspension ("spider").
- chuck guiding device directly to the carcass, a part of the dome and the suspension of the dome to visualize the external magnetic structure possibly supplemented by an internal magnetic structure.
- the invention can however be applied to other types of speakers, including cone.
- the internal magnetic structure may be of the ring type (open ring in the center of the loudspeaker, along the vertical axis of symmetry) or of the pad type (solid body) for vertical fields. If in the case of magnets with a vertical internal field direction, it is simple to manufacture a pellet, the production of a pellet with horizontal inner field direction can be difficult or impossible to achieve simply and in this case it is preferred to use a internal magnetic structure type ring, that is to say open in the center of the structure. However, in more complex inner-field variants, for example horizontal at the high and low ends and vertical at intermediate, a pellet-like structure is contemplated, the central portion having a substantially vertical field.
- Such a configuration can correspond to a central cylindrical rod (pellet) with its two ends in contact with the magnets with horizontal inner fields (ring or quasi-ring), tapered, the faces of the horizontal internal field magnets being inclined to come into contact with each other.
- the tapered end, polar face against polar face each special-direction inner-field magnet can be monoblock or composite: for example for the central assembly of a bar magnet with two magnets end cones).
- the magnets each have a circular ring shape with a substantially square or rectangular section. At rest, the coil 2 is immersed in an intermediate field zone.
- the rings are monoblock but in a variant, they can be composite by assembling small magnets distributed along the circumference of the ring.
- the magnets are mounted and fixed on arms 4 and 4 'of a carcass made of a non-magnetic material and for example a plastic material.
- Magnets may be embedded (fully covered) or not (contact only or partially covered) in the material.
- An opening 5 is here made in the carcass to allow sufficient clearance to the mandrel if necessary and / or to balance the air pressures.
- the spool 2 on mandrel 12 will be caused to move out of the intermediate field zone where it moves in a free path to high and low field reversal areas where the resultant force for a given current direction will decrease. and will be reversed compared to that produced in the intermediate zone.
- each intermediate magnet is smaller than the horizontal width of the corresponding upper or lower magnet, but in a variant not shown, the thickness may be equal to, or greater than, the width of the magnets.
- a spool 2 on mandrel 12 is disposed in the vertical free space substantially at intermediate magnets 15, 18 in the intermediate field area.
- the intermediate magnet 15 or 18 of the central ring may be made by assembling a plurality of complementary triangular section sectors.
- FIG. 1A section along AA 'and view from above, makes it possible to see the schematic structure of the external magnetic rings 15 and internal 18 here composite and formed of a circular assembly of elementary permanent magnets according to the indicated radial (horizontal) orientation internal magnetic fields.
- these magnets are taken from the material of the arms 4 and 4 'of the carcass, which allows them to remain in place.
- these magnets are bonded to said arms.
- FIG 2 the outer and inner magnet structures of generally square or rectangular section as shown, are composite because formed of the assembly edge to edge magnetic rings of pyramidal section and / or rectangular having particular internal field senses.
- the upper outer 22 and inner 25 magnets have the same horizontal inner field direction.
- the lower outer and inner lower magnets 27 have the same horizontal internal field direction opposite to that of the upper ones 22, 25.
- the intermediate external 23 and inner 26 magnets have opposing vertical inner field directions. Two zones of horizontal magnetic field of opposite direction are created in the vertical free space in which the mandrel carrying two coils 2 with opposite direction of flow flows. Each coil is disposed in the respective upper or lower horizontal field in relation to the respective upper and lower magnets.
- the intermediate external magnet has a truncated triangular section and the intermediate internal magnet has a triangular section.
- Figure 3 the outer and inner magnet structures of generally square or rectangular section as shown, are composite because formed of the assembly edge to edge magnetic rings of pyramidal section and / or rectangular having particular internal field senses.
- the upper external 28 and inner 33 magnets have the same horizontal internal field direction.
- the lower outer 32 and inner 37 magnets have the same horizontal internal field direction in the same direction as that of the upper 28, 33.
- the outer 30 and inner 35 inner magnets have the same horizontal internal field direction opposite the direction of the upper magnets 28, 33 or lower 32 or 37.
- the outer intermediate 29 and inner 34 intermediate magnets have opposing vertical inner field directions.
- the outer lower 31 and inner 36 intermediate magnets have opposing vertical inner field senses.
- the inner field senses of the upper and lower intermediate outer magnets are opposite.
- Three alternating horizontal horizontal magnetic field zones are created in the vertical free space in which the mandrel 12 carrying the coil 2: upper, middle and lower magnetic fields.
- the coil at rest is in the central magnetic field.
- the device of Figure 4 derives from that of Figure 3 but three coils running the current in alternately opposite directions from one coil to the other on the height of the mandrel, are implemented: a first direction of current for the upper coil placed at rest in the upper magnetic field, a second opposite current direction to the first one for the central coil placed at rest in the central magnetic field, the first direction of current for the lower coil placed at rest in the lower magnetic field .
- the external magnetic structure comprises an upper external magnet 42 and a lower outer-side lower-side external magnet 44 and, laterally outwardly, an outer lateral-directional magnet 43 having a vertical field direction and a height less than the total magnets upper 42 and lower 44 so that the field can buckle on the outside between these three magnets.
- the upper and lower magnets can be spaced from one another.
- FIG. 5a A variant of the external structure is shown in FIG. 5a where the outer lateral magnet 43 is here composite and formed by the joining of two magnets with triangular prismatic section 49 and 49 'according to the indicated field directions with respect to the upper magnets 48 and
- the internal magnetic structure is of the type used in FIG. 2 with an internal upper magnet 45, internal intermediate 46 and internal lower 47.
- the inner and outer upper magnets having the same horizontal internal field direction are substantially opposite to each other of the vertical free space.
- the inner and outer lower magnets of the same horizontal internal field direction are substantially opposite each other on either side of the vertical free space.
- the inner field senses are such that two areas of magnetic field (of maximum intensity relative to other internal magnet field direction patterns) are created in the vertical free space with an upper field and a lower field.
- the mandrel 12 carries two coils 2 which circulate the current in opposite directions, the upper coil being in the upper field and the lower coil in the lower field.
- the device of Figure 6 implements the external magnetic structure of Figure 5 in a simplified variant without internal magnetic structure.
- the external magnetic structure comprises an upper external magnet 42 and a lower outer magnet 44 with opposite horizontal internal field directions and, laterally, towards the outside, an intermediate external vertical-directional magnet 43, the height of which is here less than the total of the upper magnets 42 and lower 44 but which, in variants not shown, may be of equal height, or even greater.
- the upper magnets 42 'and lower 44' are spaced apart from each other and the intermediate magnet 43 'is arranged laterally to loop the field.
- Figure 7 shows a variant of Figure 4 in which the intermediate magnets are composite and formed of edge-to-edge joining of ring field output faces with triangular prismatic section and oblique inner field senses.
- the high intermediate magnet is formed of a first ring magnet 53 attached to a second ring magnet 54
- Figure 8 is derived from Figure 3 in that the inner and outer upper and lower magnets are omitted.
- the external and internal magnetized structures which are then truncated triangular section as shown, are composite because formed of the edge-to-edge assembly of magnetic rings of triangular or truncated triangular section and / or rectangular having particular internal field senses.
- the upper outer 29 'and inner 34' magnets have opposing vertical inner field directions.
- the lower outer 31 'and inner 36' inner magnets have opposing vertical inner field directions, the upper and lower magnet directions being further opposed for the same outer structure (29 'opposite 31') or inner (34 ') opposite to 36 ').
- the external central 30 'and inner 35' magnets have the same horizontal internal field direction. Three alternating horizontal horizontal magnetic field zones are created in the vertical free space in which the mandrel 12 carrying the coil 2: upper, middle and lower magnetic fields.
- three coils with alternating current flow direction from one coil to the other can be implemented, each coil being in one of the field zones in the vertical free space, the two extreme coils having a same flow direction of current.
- Figure 9 externally three magnets are employed: an outer upper magnet 55 with horizontal inner field (radial), an outer lower magnet 57 with horizontal inner field and an outer intermediate magnet 56 with horizontal inner field between the two previous ones.
- Internally three magnets are employed: an inner upper magnet 58 with a horizontal inner field, an inner lower magnet 60 with a horizontal inner field and an inner intermediate magnet 59 with a horizontal inner field between the two preceding ones.
- the directions of the horizontal inner fields of the upper and lower outer and inner magnets 55, 58 and lower 57, 60 are identical and opposite to the horizontal inner field directions of the outer and inner intermediate magnets 56, 59.
- the horizontal width of each intermediate magnet is less than the horizontal width of the corresponding upper and lower magnets.
- the widths may be equal to or even the width of the intermediate magnet greater than the other widths because the looping of the field is done by parallel output faces of the magnets, and therefore not in contact.
- the intermediate magnet 56 or 59 may be disposed on the face of the magnetic structure opposite to that bordering the vertical free space, the signs polar faces in contact being contrary, the intermediate magnet 56 or 59 sharing its field between one of the magnets of each pair. In the latter case, the corresponding face of the magnetic structure will be indented.
- Three field areas are created in the vertical free space, an upper area with a first horizontal field direction, an intermediate area with a second horizontal field direction opposite the first direction, and a lower field area with a first horizontal direction.
- a spool 2 on mandrel 12 is disposed at rest in the vertical free space substantially at the intermediate magnets 15, 18 in the intermediate field area.
- three coils with alternating current flow direction (same direction of flow of current for upper and lower fields, opposite direction for intermediate field) are arranged in the vertical free space, each coil at rest being in one of the zones of field.
- FIG. 9A section along AA 'and plan view, shows the schematic structure of the outer 56 and inner 59 magnetic rings here composite and formed of a circular assembly of elementary permanent magnets according to the radial orientation of the magnetic fields indicated .
- these magnets are caught in the material of the arms 4 and 4 'of the carcass, which allows them to be held in place.
- these magnets are bonded to said arms.
- the device of FIG. 10 results from a variant of means implemented in FIG. 1 with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising three contiguous magnetized rings, the directions of internal magnetizations being axial (vertical) and of opposite directions for the two lower rings 68/71 and upper 66/69 of the same structure (internal or external respectively) while they are in opposite directions for the upper and lower rings respectively, internal and external structures.
- the direction of internal magnetization of the intermediate rings 67/70 (central) is radial (horizontal) and of additive direction to the two preceding ones with regard to the magnetic induction created on the coil and of the same direction for the internal and external structures.
- the 10 further comprises four flat, ferromagnetic, arranged rings, two 72, 74, on the upper rings 66, 69 and two 73, 75, under the lower rings 68, 71.
- the internal magnetic structure further comprises two plates 76, 77 in form of ferromagnetic flat crowns at the corners of the upper and lower ends of the inner intermediate ring and towards the vertical free space. It may be noted that the thickness of the inner intermediate magnet 70 is smaller than the width of the upper and lower magnets 69 and 71 and that the two corner plates 76, 77 are applied against a portion of the exit faces of inner field of the upper and lower magnets. Ferromagnetic plates
- the ferromagnetic plates 72, 74 and respectively 73, 75 are substantially vis-à-vis on either side of the vertical free space.
- the ferromagnetic plates 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 are projecting in the vertical free space. Ferromagnetic plates 72,
- 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 are such that they are saturated by the magnetic field which causes them to behave substantially like non-magnetic elements from the point of view of the magnetic permeability.
- the device of Figure 1 1 results from an alternative means implemented in Figures 8 and 10 with external and internal magnetic structures each comprising three magnetized rings contiguous.
- the external magnetic structure is of the type of Figure 8 (but with inverted inner fields).
- the internal magnetic structure is of the type of that of FIG. 10.
- the directions of internal magnetizations are axial (vertical) and of opposite directions for the two lower rings 80/83 and the upper 78/81 of the same structure (internal or external respectively) while they are in opposite directions for the upper and lower rings respectively, internal and external structures.
- the direction of internal magnetization of the intermediate (central) rings 79/82 is radial (horizontal) and of additive direction to the two previous ones with regard to the magnetic induction created on the coil and in the same direction for the internal and external structures.
- the magnets of the external magnetic structure of truncated generally triangular section are of sections complementary triangular (or truncated triangular).
- the magnets of the internal magnetic structure of generally rectangular (or square) section are of rectangular or square complementary sections. Ferromagnetic plates of the type of those of Figure 10 for the internal structure are implemented. These ferromagnetic plates 84, 85, 86, 87 are such that they are saturated by the magnetic field which causes them to behave practically as non-magnetic elements from the point of view of the magnetic permeability.
- the outer 6 and inner 7 outer magnets have opposite inner field senses and the mandrel is thus immersed in a magnetic field comprising three field zones, two high and low zones of the same horizontal magnetic field direction and an intermediate zone of horizontal direction. reversed compared to the two previous ones.
- the magnets each have a circular ring shape with a substantially square or rectangular section. At rest, the coil 2 is immersed in the intermediate field zone.
- the rings are monoblock but in a variant, they can be composite by assembling small magnets distributed along the circumference of the ring.
- the upper and lower magnets, inner and outer are separated by a gap 8 for the outside and a gap 9 for the inside.
- the magnets are mounted and fixed on arms 4 and 4 'of a carcass made of a non-magnetic material and for example a plastic material.
- the intervals 8 and 9 here comprise such a material but they may also comprise a light alloy or copper, or even remain free of material. Magnets may be embedded (fully covered) or not (contact only or partially covered) in the material.
- An opening 5 is here made in the carcass to allow sufficient clearance to the mandrel if necessary and / or to balance the air pressures.
- the spool 2 on mandrel 12 will be caused to move out of the intermediate field zone where it moves in a free path to high and low field reversal areas where the resultant force for a given current direction will decrease. and will be reversed compared to that produced in the intermediate zone.
- the device of FIG. 13 is similar to that of FIG. 12 but with, in addition, plates 13 in the form of rings and in ferromagnetic material on the top of the upper outer 6 'and upper inner 7' magnets and on the bottom of the magnets. lower outer 10 'and lower inner 1 1'.
- the non-magnetic material (here shown different between the outer and inner portions of the motor) does not completely fill the outer 8 'and inner 9' intervals.
- the ferromagnetic plates are arranged on the field exit faces of the magnets and cover them all (high plates) or partially (low plates).
- the upper and lower magnets are arranged at heights such that they are substantially facing each other on either side of the mandrel but slightly more offset than those of FIG. 12.
- Three field zones are also created in the vertical free space and the rest coil 2 is disposed in the intermediate zone. During its normal movements (normal excursion) the coil does not reach the height of the plates.
- the presence of the plates 13 does not substantially alter the value of the inductance of the idle coil immobilized in the engine or if there is modification thereof does not go beyond 2 times and not below 0, 5 times the inductance value of the same free coil, isolated, in space.
- the device of FIG. 15 results from a combination of variants of the magnetic structures presented previously.
- the external magnetic structure three magnets are implemented but the upper magnets 38, intermediate 39 and lower 40 are separated by a non-magnetic material 41.
- the internal magnetic structure is similar to that of Figure 12. It can therefore be seen that with this example, it is possible to combine embodiments among themselves as long as they are compatible in terms of number and sense (and height) of the magnetic fields created in the vertical free space by each of the structures magnetic, such variants remaining within the scope of the present invention.
- Figure 16 gives a simplified variant with two ring magnets of substantially rectangular section, an outer 51 and an inner 52 in the same direction of horizontal inner field and a coil 2. Three alternating field areas are created in the vertical free space .
- the device of FIG. 17 results from a combination of variants of the magnetic structures presented previously.
- the external magnetic structure three magnets are implemented but the upper magnets 61, intermediate 62 and lower 63 are separated by a non-magnetic material 41.
- the internal magnetic fields of the upper and lower external magnets 61, 63 are of the same horizontal direction and of the opposite direction to that of the horizontal external intermediate magnet 62.
- the internal magnetic structure is similar to that of Figure 12 with an upper internal magnet 64 separated from a lower inner magnet 65 with opposite vertical inner fields. On either side of the vertical free space where the mandrel 12 and the coil 2 are located, the internal fields of the magnets are oriented so that the three fields (upper, intermediate, lower) created in said vertical free space are maximal. (add).
- the coil may comprise a single winding at the level of the intermediate magnet 62 as shown or, in one variant, three windings with alternating winding directions (more generally that alternates the flow direction of the current), two of the same direction substantially levels of the upper magnets 61 and lower 63 external and one of opposite direction at the level of the external intermediate magnet 62. It may be noted that since for the external magnetic structure, the polar exit faces of the magnets are parallel, the separation of the magnets by non-magnetic material 41 is not essential and that there is less constraint on the width and the horizontal thickness of the magnets. As indicated in variant for FIG. 16 with the means for channeling the magnetic fields, it is also possible here alternatively to have on the face of the magnetic structure opposite to that bordering the vertical free space, a pair of two magnets contiguous.
- ferromagnetic liquid in the vertical free space.
- the ferromagnetic liquid has a natural tendency to be located in areas where the magnetic field is the highest or its strongest variation forming ferrofluid / s and can, in addition to the improved heat dissipation, act as a pneumatic seal (if it is continuous) between the front and the back of the membrane and, in any case (continuous or not) improve the translational guidance of the mandrel in the vertical free space to allow the removal of outer mechanical guide elements of the mandrel such as the membrane edge and / or "spider".
- Magnetic field concentration means are therefore used in the magnetic structure (s), or even outside the magnetic structures (allows the use of magnetic structures of the invention that can be used with or without a ferrofluid, hence standardized) and additions. magnetic field concentration means for use of ferrofluid) at the levels where ferrofluid seals are desired.
- the ferromagnetic liquid can be arranged in the vertical free space on each side of the mandrel (bilateral joint or unilateral joints) but in variants it can be arranged only on one side of the mandrel (one-sided joint) or in the internal volume, ie in the external volume.
- ferrofluid ferromagnetic liquid seals can be made at different heights of the mandrel.
- ferrofluidic joints are horizontally extended at least between one of the two walls of the vertical free space (magnetic structure) and the corresponding face of the mandrel, forming a unilateral ferrofluid seal (internal or external evening), and at the most, extended horizontally ( at the same level), on one side, between a first of the two walls of the vertical free space and the corresponding face of the mandrel, and on the other side, between the other face of the mandrel and the second wall of the vertical free space, forming a bilateral ferrofluid joint.
- the sides of the placement of the unilateral seals can be related to the fact that the coil forms a protrusion on the mandrel and therefore that the mandrel will have to be further away from the face bordering the free space opposite (side of) the coil for that the latter does not rub on said face and then place the seals on the other side (if the coil is external side of the mandrel, the joints will be internal side of the mandrel).
- one of the ferrofluid joints will have to be continuous on the circumference of the mandrel (unilateral or bilateral joint) to pneumatically isolate the rear part of the membrane (inside the loudspeaker) of the front part of the membrane (which corresponds to the environment of the loudspeaker) because in a speaker having an edge type suspension, this edge acts as an isolation between the front and the back of the membrane avoiding an acoustic short circuit between the two faces of the membrane.
- Such a configuration without edge and "spider" is preferably implemented in a speaker whose membrane is a dome (concave or convex or combination of both).
- the means of confinement of the magnetic field in the gap which are in the internal and / or external magnetic structure (preferably in the two vis-à-vis) and which are fixed, remain effective to ensure the structural coherence of the ferrofluidic joints during the movements of the mandrel carrying the coil.
- each ferrofluid joint is, along the periphery of the mandrel, in a single plane perpendicular to the axis of symmetry of the mandrel.
- the joint along the perimeter of the mandrel can draw a contoured curve (sinusoidal, triangular, square frieze, rectangular ...) and form a contoured joint.
- a contoured curve sinusoidal, triangular, square frieze, rectangular .
- a single seal of this type can provide double guidance.
- These ferrofluidic joints are continuous (at least one) or discontinuous.
- vertical or oblique joint segments may be implemented. The means of confinement of the field are adapted accordingly.
- the substantially horizontal portions of joints in deformations of the mandrel play a predominant role of return function
- the (possibly) vertical or oblique portions of joints in deformations of the mandrel ensure a smooth sliding mandrel and a possible return function (according to the form of the deformations of the mandrel including their upper and lower ends).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0553331A FR2892886B1 (fr) | 2005-11-03 | 2005-11-03 | Transducteur electrodynamique, applications aux haut-parleurs et geophones |
| PCT/FR2006/051133 WO2007051949A2 (fr) | 2005-11-03 | 2006-11-02 | Transducteur electrodynamique, applications aux haut-parleurs et geophones |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1946607A2 true EP1946607A2 (fr) | 2008-07-23 |
| EP1946607B1 EP1946607B1 (fr) | 2017-09-20 |
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ID=36809121
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP06841994.4A Not-in-force EP1946607B1 (fr) | 2005-11-03 | 2006-11-02 | Transducteur electrodynamique, applications aux haut-parleurs et geophones |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8111870B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1946607B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2892886B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2007051949A2 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2919978B1 (fr) | 2007-08-09 | 2011-04-29 | Gilles Milot | Transducteur electrodynamique, notamment du type haut-parleur, a suspension ferrofluide et dispositifs associes |
| FR2921224B1 (fr) * | 2007-09-18 | 2009-12-04 | Orkidia Audio | Structure magnetique pour moteur sans fer de haut-parleur electrodynamique, moteurs et haut-parleurs |
| EP2114086B1 (fr) | 2008-04-30 | 2012-12-26 | Renault S.A.S. | Ensemble de moteur de transducteur à bobine sans fuites et sans fer |
| US8050144B2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-11-01 | Geospace Technologies Lp | Vertical geophone having improved distortion characteristics |
| US8098546B2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2012-01-17 | Geospace Technologies, Lp | Geophone having improved sensitivity |
| US8208347B2 (en) * | 2009-07-08 | 2012-06-26 | Geospace Technologies, Lp | Geophone having improved damping control |
| FR2954574B1 (fr) * | 2009-12-18 | 2014-08-08 | Hutchinson | Procede de fabrication d'un aimant moule. |
| FR2956273B1 (fr) * | 2010-02-10 | 2012-03-09 | Renault Sa | Moteur magnetique de transducteur electrodynamique |
| FR2971385B1 (fr) * | 2011-02-08 | 2014-02-14 | Renault Sa | Dispositif de moteur magnetique de transducteur electrodynamique |
| US9185491B2 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2015-11-10 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Reinforced diaphragm for a low profile loudspeaker transducer with two sets of inner and outer magnets |
| US9137607B2 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2015-09-15 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Low profile loudspeaker suspension system |
| US8879774B2 (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2014-11-04 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Loudspeaker magnet assembly with two inner magnets comprising a central bore |
| US8548191B2 (en) | 2011-04-12 | 2013-10-01 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Loudspeaker magnet having a channel |
| GB2489995A (en) * | 2011-04-15 | 2012-10-17 | Pss Belgium Nv | Magnetic circuit for a loudspeaker driver |
| HU229608B1 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2014-03-28 | Zoltan Bay | Loudspeaker |
| US11601761B2 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2023-03-07 | Shenzhen Shokz Co., Ltd. | Bone conduction speaker and compound vibration device thereof |
| US11528562B2 (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2022-12-13 | Shenzhen Shokz Co., Ltd. | Bone conduction speaker and compound vibration device thereof |
| JP6224324B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-06 | 2017-11-01 | ハーマン ベッカー ゲープコチレンジャー ジーアルト コールライトルト フェレルーシェグ タイヤーシャーシャイグ | 音響変換器アセンブリ |
| US9438998B2 (en) | 2013-03-06 | 2016-09-06 | Harman Becker Gepkocsirendszer Gyarto Korlatolt Felelossegu Tarsasag | Acoustic transducer assembly |
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| US11570556B2 (en) | 2014-01-06 | 2023-01-31 | Shenzhen Shokz Co., Ltd. | Systems and methods for suppressing sound leakage |
| WO2020220719A1 (fr) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-11-05 | 深圳市韶音科技有限公司 | Dispositif de sortie acoustique |
| US9130445B1 (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2015-09-08 | David Micah Katz | Electromechanical transducer with non-circular voice coil |
| GB2552100B (en) * | 2015-03-25 | 2020-04-29 | Halliburton Energy Services Inc | Geophone with magnetic self-damping system |
| CN204733374U (zh) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-28 | 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 | 扬声器 |
| CN204741558U (zh) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-11-04 | 瑞声光电科技(常州)有限公司 | 扬声器 |
| CN106375915B (zh) * | 2016-10-31 | 2024-04-16 | 深圳市冠旭电子股份有限公司 | 一种扬声器及耳机 |
| CN110383858B (zh) | 2017-03-07 | 2022-07-05 | 哈曼国际工业有限公司 | 扬声器 |
| US11450302B2 (en) * | 2018-03-07 | 2022-09-20 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Loudspeaker with magnets in ferrofluid |
| US12010497B2 (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2024-06-11 | Bose Corporation | Highly compliant miniature transducer |
| GB2593749B (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2024-01-03 | B & W Group Ltd | Improvements in and relating to loudspeaker magnet assemblies |
| FR3129023B1 (fr) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-04-26 | Devialet | Enceinte acoustique, notamment pour casque audio, comprenant des haut-parleurs coaxiaux à moteur magnétique sans pièce polaire |
| CN119815254A (zh) * | 2024-12-27 | 2025-04-11 | 潍坊歌尔丹拿电子科技有限公司 | 发声单体、发声模组、电子设备及加速度检测方法 |
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| US5142260A (en) * | 1991-03-08 | 1992-08-25 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Transducer motor assembly |
| DE4317775C2 (de) * | 1993-02-03 | 1995-02-02 | Foster Electric Co Ltd | Lautsprecher |
| FR2766028A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-08 | 1999-01-15 | Ensmse | Dispositif a fort couple d'accouplements magnetiques synchrones a entrefer cylindrique |
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| CA2441420C (fr) * | 2001-01-04 | 2009-03-31 | Vifa-Speak A/S | Haut-parleur a double dome |
| KR20020073876A (ko) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-28 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 진동스피커의 이중 마그네트 구조 |
| US6714655B2 (en) * | 2001-05-11 | 2004-03-30 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Speaker |
| EP1420610A4 (fr) * | 2001-07-23 | 2006-06-28 | Toshio Chikama | Protection magnetique de bobine de lecture de haut-parleur |
| JP4167859B2 (ja) | 2002-07-05 | 2008-10-22 | Tdk株式会社 | 光記録媒体用中間体および光記録媒体の製造方法 |
| US20040105568A1 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2004-06-03 | Po-Hsiung Lee | Speaker with enhanced magnetic flux |
| JP3963173B2 (ja) * | 2004-01-06 | 2007-08-22 | ソニー株式会社 | スピーカ |
| US7706563B2 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2010-04-27 | Harman International Industries, Incorporated | Concentric radial ring motor |
| EP1843628A1 (fr) * | 2006-04-07 | 2007-10-10 | Sonion Horsens A/S | Haut-parleur miniature et circuit magnetique avec passage de veine d'air integree |
| KR100845956B1 (ko) * | 2007-01-16 | 2008-07-11 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 마이크로스피커 및 마이크로 스피커 설계 방법 |
-
2005
- 2005-11-03 FR FR0553331A patent/FR2892886B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-11-02 WO PCT/FR2006/051133 patent/WO2007051949A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2006-11-02 US US12/092,593 patent/US8111870B2/en active Active
- 2006-11-02 EP EP06841994.4A patent/EP1946607B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2007051949A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US8111870B2 (en) | 2012-02-07 |
| EP1946607B1 (fr) | 2017-09-20 |
| WO2007051949A2 (fr) | 2007-05-10 |
| FR2892886A1 (fr) | 2007-05-04 |
| FR2892886B1 (fr) | 2008-01-25 |
| US20090028375A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
| WO2007051949A3 (fr) | 2007-07-12 |
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