EP1963764A1 - Système de dégivrage - Google Patents

Système de dégivrage

Info

Publication number
EP1963764A1
EP1963764A1 EP06805559A EP06805559A EP1963764A1 EP 1963764 A1 EP1963764 A1 EP 1963764A1 EP 06805559 A EP06805559 A EP 06805559A EP 06805559 A EP06805559 A EP 06805559A EP 1963764 A1 EP1963764 A1 EP 1963764A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
defrost
refrigeration system
receiver
defrosting
refrigeration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06805559A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Lennart Rolfsman
Alexander Cohr Pachai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Johnson Controls Denmark ApS
Original Assignee
Johnson Controls Denmark ApS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Johnson Controls Denmark ApS filed Critical Johnson Controls Denmark ApS
Publication of EP1963764A1 publication Critical patent/EP1963764A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
    • F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/02—Subcoolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a defrost system for defrosting components on which frost is formed, where the defrost system comprises at least one compressor, which compressor has a hot gas outlet, which is connected to condensing means, from where primarily liquid refrigerant is connected to pressure reduction means, from where the flashing refrigerant is led through evaporator means.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for defrosting a refrigeration system comprising at least one refrigeration system component on which frost is formed, where defrosting is performed by heating the refrigeration system component in periods of no operation of that refrigeration system component.
  • Prior art shows that it is possible to use glycols or brines to defrost a refrigeration coil.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is the associated problems with erosion if the liquid moves too fast through the pipes especially in the bends.
  • a way to solve this problem would be to use traditional hot gas-defrost with a compressor also as seen in prior art.
  • the disadvantage of this system is the oil management problems when working with many compressors at different suction pressures as in the European patent EP 1 409 936.
  • a way to solve this problem could be to pump the CO2 into a vessel and then heat/evaporate this and use the generated hot gas to defrost the coil as in the patents US 5,400,615 or GB 2,258,298.
  • the simple solution to solve this problem is to use the brine circuit at a pressure designed for a high working pres- sure and with CO2 as the working fluid condensing at an appropriate temperature.
  • This solution solves the problems found in the brine solution and eliminates the problems seen with oil management in the traditional hot gas solutions. It also eliminates the use of high-pressure pumps as seen in the boiling out system.
  • US 6588221 describes a method of defrosting a refrigeration system having a main compressor connected by a main hot gas discharge line to a condenser, the condenser being connected by a main liquid line to thermal expansion valves and subsequent cooling coils, each thermal expansion valve and cooling coil being in parallel connection with the other thermal expansion valves and cooling coils, and each cooling coil being connected by a suction line to the main compressor.
  • the defrosting method includes passing hot gas from the main hot gas discharge line through a selected cooling coil to defrost same, compressing cooled gas which has passed through the cooling coil by means of a separate dedicated defrost compressor, and returning the compressed hot gas to the main hot gas discharge line.
  • the object of the invention is to perform effective defrosting by means of a separate defrost system thus avoiding oil management problems.
  • a further object is to achieve a lower system cost.
  • defrost system is formed as an independent cooling system, where the condensing means are transmitting heat to the defrosting components.
  • Tt can hereby be achieved that the defrost system can operate completely independent of the refrigeration system. All negative effects with traditional defrost operation of refrigeration, systems are overcome by this solution where the defrost system operates as a system without any influence from the refrigeration system. Even the working fluid can be different so that the refrigeration system can use CO2, the defrost system cart operate with a traditional refrig- erant like 134A. In this way, it becomes possible to build the defrost circuit with other pressure conditions than those of the refrigeration system. In fact, this defrost system is operating as a heat pump where the condensing heat is used for defrosting.
  • the defrost system can only operate if the refrigerant after passing through the condensing means is sent through at least an expansion valve and evaporator means before the refrigerant is returned to a compressor. in this way, a waste of cooling energy is performed.
  • This cooling energy could be used in combination with the refrigeration system.
  • the evaporator from the defrosting system could be used as a part of an air condition system.
  • the evaporator can be used in combination with condensing or subcooling of refrigerant.
  • the evaporator of the defrost system can be cooperating with external cooling means or with the refrigeration system.
  • the defrost system can be operating in conjunction with a refrigeration system, where the condensing means of the defrost system is cooperating with cooling components cooled by the refrigeration system.
  • an evaporator can comprise another circuit for circulating and condensing the defrost refrigerant. In this way, it is possible to perform defrost in non-operating periods of the refrigeration system.
  • evaporators can be cut out of operation, and defrost can be performed in different evaporators.
  • the refrigeration system can be stopped, and the defrost system can be started.
  • the refrigeration system can be defrosted without having to reverse the refrigeration system.
  • the defrost system can operate in conjunction with a refrigeration system, which refrigeration system is in standstill, where the condensing means of the defrost system is cooperating with cooling components cooled by the refrigeration system,. This can lead to a fast defrosting of evaporators or other cooling means.
  • the defrost system comprises a liquid receiver, which receiver is connected to an expansion valve, where a gas connection from the upper part of the receiver can be connected to the evaporator through a modulating valve.
  • the receiver can be installed either in the liquid line or in the compressor suction line.
  • the evaporator of the defrost system can cooperate with the refrigeration system by forming the evaporator in a second heat exchanger which is heated by partly or fully liquefied refrigerant of the refrigeration system. It is hereby achieved that all the cooling effect that is achieved by the defrost operation is transmitted to the refrigeration system as cooling energy. This can lead to a very effective combination of a refrigeration system and a defrost system.
  • the cooling energy can be transmitted independently of the fact that the two systems can operate quite differently in pressure and also in the type of refrigerant.
  • the upper part of the receiver in the defrost system can be used as a liquid separator, where the top of the receiver is connected through a first heat exchanger for liquefying the gas, which liquid is led back towards the receiver, where the first heat exchanger is part of a cascade heat exchanger, which is part of the refrigeration system. It can hereby be achieved that if the defrost operation is not led to a complete condensation of the refrigerant; a relatively high amount of gas will enter the receiver. This can lead to a pressure increase in the receiver, and it is therefore necessary to condensate a part of that gas.
  • This condensation process can take place in a heat exchanger so that the extra heat is transported by a cascade refrigeration system, to the refrigeration system where the extra heat simply is sent directly to existing condensing means.
  • the pressure is reduced, and as such the defrost system is operating more efficiently.
  • the receiver can comprise a heat-exchanging coil in the upper part, which coil is connected to the liquid outlet from the receiver, where the coil is reducing the temperature of the gas in the top of the receiver.
  • This is an alternative method to condensate the amount of gas that might end in the receiver in certain operation situations. This coil will automatically lead to conden- sation of the gas, which also reduces the pressure.
  • the invention comprises one or more compressors, one or more coils to be defrosted with a separate defrost circuit designed for the refrigerant used, a liquid receiver, an expansion valve and an evaporator in thermal connection to a heat source that can be air or any type of liquid e.g. from other processes or heat loads coming from cooling other products.
  • the refrigerant can be any refrigerant pure or mixtures of HFC e.g. Rl 34a or CO2.
  • the advantage of the system is the fact that the defrost system is operating independently of the primary and secondary refrigeration system operating as a cascade refrigeration system.
  • the defrost system can be thermally connected whenever the design gives an opportunity to optimise the process.
  • the interaction is not limited to the refrigeration system itself, but it can be connected to other processes as well.
  • An advantage is also that defrost can take place regardless of whether the refrigeration system is running or not.
  • the defrost system can also be used with a one-evaporator system without requiring the refrigeration system to work.
  • Another advantage of the system is the freedom of choice of refrigerant. AU refrigerants can be used, but the preferred refrigerant is CO2.
  • the defrost method can be performed by an independent defrost system, which defrost system comprises at least compressing means for compressing and heating a defrost gas, which defrost gas is heating the refrigeration system components by condensing the defrost gas, which defrosting is performed in periods of no supply of refrigerant to the refrigeration system com- ponent from the refrigeration system, where the defrost system comprises a closed circuit for defrost fluid without connection to the refrigeration system.
  • This method can lead to a very energy effective defrost because the heat is generated from the defrost system operating as a heat pump, and the defrost fluid can be expanded in evaporation means connected to the refrigeration system. Because the defrost system is independent of the refrigeration system can different refrigeration media be used.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of how a CO2 system can be connected to the defrost coil
  • Figure 2 shows an example of how the defrost system and the cooling system can be combined in operation
  • FIG. 3 shows an alternative embodiment for the invention
  • Figure 4 shows an external load as the evaporator
  • Figure 5 shows a receiver comprises a coil
  • Figure 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of how a CO2 system can be connected to the defrost coil in an air-cooled evaporator.
  • Fig. 1 shows a defrost system 2 and a refrigeration system 4.
  • the de- frost system 2 comprises a compressor 10 which has a gas outlet line 12,14, where the line 12 is connected to a solenoid valve 20 from where a line 22 leads to condenser 30 placed in conjunction with a cooling system.
  • a line 32 which is combined with another line 34, ends up in a line 36, which leads to a liquid receiver 40.
  • This liquid receiver has a liquid outlet 42, which leads to an expansion valve 50, from where a line 52 leads to an evaporator 70.
  • a line 44 leads to a magnetic modulating valve 60 from where a line 62 leads to the line 52 near the inlet to the evaporator 70.
  • a line 72 is arranged, which leads to the inlet of the compressor 10.
  • the refrigeration system 4 comprises a compressor 80 which has a hot gas outlet line 82 connected to a cascade condenser 90.
  • the cascade condenser 90 is by a line 92 connected to a receiver 100 from where a line 102 over a control valve 110 is connected to a main receiver 120.
  • the main receiver 120 has an outlet line 122 connected to pumping means 130, from where a line 132 continues in not shown lines 134.
  • the line 132 is connected to an expansion valve 140 from where a line 142 leads to the evaporator 150.
  • a line 152 is combined by a line 154 to a line 156, which leads into the main receiver 120.
  • a line 124 connected to the suction side of the compressor 80 is arranged.
  • defrost compressors 10 and the solenoid valve 20 in front of defrost coil 30 that is to be defrosted start/open In the beginning of the process, there will be a lot of defrost liquid returning to the liquid receiver 40. Later in the defrost cycle, there is a larger amount of defrost gas returning to the receiver 40, and the pressure will increase. The surplus defrost gas can be removed by a modulating valve 60 and led to the evaporator. The efficiency of the evaporator will deteriorate but the main object of the evaporation is to generate warm defrost gas for the defrosting of the coil 150.
  • the defrost system can be designed with CO2, R744 as two phase defrost agent. It must be ensured that the pressure in the receiver 40 is controlled by means of cooling by air or by the circuit itself.
  • the defrost system can be equipped with an additional condenser allowing it to act as an in- dependent refrigeration system when not used for defrosting. Then it can be used for other purposes like air conditioning or as a cooling process.
  • the heat can when not needed be used for heating with an air coil or heating of water for other purposes when there is no need for the defrost capacity, or if parts of the full capacity are not needed.
  • the compressors 10 are built into a centrally based system. The capacity on each rack can be adjusted to fit all sorts of capacities.
  • the system comprises: 1. A closed refrigerant loop designed only to defrost with a compressor, defrost coil/condenser, expansion valve and evaporator and may be a modulating bypass valve.
  • the evaporator can be heated by the main system or other heat load.
  • the refrigerant can be the same as in the refrigerant used in the main system
  • the refrigerant can be different from the refrigerant used in the main system
  • the defrost cycle can be part of another process and defrost on demand enhancing the running conditions of the process because the condensing pressure might be lowered.
  • Figure 1 shows an example of how the defrost system and the cooling system can be combined in operation. Most of the components are equal to the description of fig. I, and the following description will only concern features not mentioned before.
  • the first difference is that the liquefied refrigerant from the refrigeration system 4 in the line 102 passes through a heat exchanger 210 where this liquid refrigerant is heat exchanged with the defrost refrigerant from the line 52 which is expanded in the expansion valve 50 where this refrigerant is evaporated in the heat exchanger 210 before the defrost refrigerant is led through the line 72 towards the compressor 10.
  • the sub-cooled refrigerant is from the heat exchanger 210 by line 212 led to a control valve 110 from where it is sent to the main receiver 120.
  • a second difference to fig 1 is a heat exchanger 200, which is placed as part of the cascade heat exchanger 90 for heat exchanging to a primary refrigerant, where the heat exchanger 200 is connected to the top of the receiver 40 by a line 202 and where a line 204 leads primary liquid defrost refrigerant into the line 36 towards the receiver 40. Gas with high temperature and high pressure can hereby be sent to condensing in the cascade heat exchanger 200.
  • the main idea about this cycle is to use the cooling capacity for sub-cooling the liquid used in the main system.
  • the disadvantage of this solution is that defrost can only take place when the main system is working, and the capacity is dependent on the liquid available,
  • Fig 3 shows an alternative embodiment for the invention, where it is assumed that all or nearly all refrigerant is condensed when returned to the receiver. Adding an air-coil to the defrost circuit will help giving the capacity even if the main system is not running
  • Fig. 4 shows nearly the same system as shown in fig. 1 and the only difference is that an external load 220 is shown as the evaporator.
  • the cooling capacity is used for cooling an external load.
  • This solution requires a constant load on the cooling side of the defrost cycle.
  • this receiver 240 comprises a coil 242 for internal heat exchange in the top of the receiver 240.
  • the outlet 42 from the receiver 240 leads to a regulation valve 244 from where a line 245 leads to the coil 242.
  • the outlet from, this coil 242 1 eads to the expansion valve 50.
  • the expansion valve 50 keeps up the pressure in the defrost coil, and the valve 60 controls the superheat on the air-coil.
  • the valve 60 opens only in case of an increase in pressure of the receiver 40.
  • Fig. 6 describes an alternative embodiment of the invention.
  • the same numbers are used as in previous figures so only the differences will hereafter be described.
  • the cooling energy generated by the defrost system is now transmitted by a heat exchanger 370 into the cascade condenser 390 of the refrigeration system 4.
  • a receiver 340 is operating as previously described, and from here, liquid defrost fluid is sent through the expansion valve 50 towards the heat exchanger 370.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de dégivrage permettant de dégivrer des composants sur lesquels du givre s’est formé, le système de dégivrage comprenant au moins un compresseur, ledit compresseur présentant une sortie de gaz chaud, qui est connecté à des moyens de condensation, depuis lesquels un réfrigérant principalement liquide est connecté à un moyen détendeur, duquel le réfrigérant de purge est acheminé vers un moyen d’évaporation. L’objet de l’invention consiste à réaliser un dégivrage effectif par un système de dégivrage. On peut obtenir ce résultat si le système de dégivrage est formé comme système de refroidissement indépendant, les moyens de condensation transmettant la chaleur aux composants de dégivrage, et l’évaporateur coopérant avec un moyen de refroidissement externe ou depuis le système de réfrigération, permettant un dégivrage sans défléchir le système principal. L’invention permet alors au système de dégivrage de fonctionner de manière complètement indépendante d’un autre système de réfrigération. Tous les effets négatifs du dégivrage traditionnel des systèmes de réfrigération sont éliminés grâce à cette solution, le système de dégivrage fonctionnant comme système sans subir l’influence du système de réfrigération.
EP06805559A 2005-11-11 2006-11-10 Système de dégivrage Withdrawn EP1963764A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK200501574A DK200501574A (da) 2005-11-11 2005-11-11 Defrost system
PCT/DK2006/000621 WO2007054095A1 (fr) 2005-11-11 2006-11-10 Système de dégivrage

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1963764A1 true EP1963764A1 (fr) 2008-09-03

Family

ID=35517028

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06805559A Withdrawn EP1963764A1 (fr) 2005-11-11 2006-11-10 Système de dégivrage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20090223232A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1963764A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN101365917A (fr)
DK (1) DK200501574A (fr)
WO (1) WO2007054095A1 (fr)

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US8789380B2 (en) * 2009-07-20 2014-07-29 Systemes Lmp Inc. Defrost system and method for a subcritical cascade R-744 refrigeration system
US20140260361A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Benoit RODIER Refrigeration apparatus and method
WO2015045354A1 (fr) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-02 パナソニックヘルスケア株式会社 Dispositif de réfrigération
MX366606B (es) * 2013-12-17 2019-07-16 Maekawa Seisakusho Kk Sistema de descongelacion por sublimacion para dispositivos de refrigeracion y metodo de descongelacion por sublimacion.
US9869492B2 (en) * 2015-10-12 2018-01-16 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Air conditioning and refrigeration system
US20190072299A1 (en) * 2017-09-06 2019-03-07 Heatcraft Refrigeration Products Llc Refrigeration system with integrated air conditioning by a high pressure expansion valve
CN109357438A (zh) * 2018-11-30 2019-02-19 山东陆海新能源技术有限公司 余热回收式的低温空气源热泵除霜系统
US11137185B2 (en) * 2019-06-04 2021-10-05 Farrar Scientific Corporation System and method of hot gas defrost control for multistage cascade refrigeration system
US12228318B2 (en) 2019-12-19 2025-02-18 Trane Technologies Life Sciences Llc System and method of hot gas defrost control for multistage cascade refrigeration system
US11841179B2 (en) * 2020-01-14 2023-12-12 Goodman Global Group, Inc. Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems and methods
US12152818B2 (en) 2021-02-24 2024-11-26 C. Nelson Mfg. Method and system for operating a refrigeration system

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101365917A (zh) 2009-02-11
WO2007054095A1 (fr) 2007-05-18
DK200501574A (da) 2005-11-25
US20090223232A1 (en) 2009-09-10

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