Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D17/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
  • F04D17/08—Centrifugal pumps
  • F04D17/10—Centrifugal pumps for compressing or evacuating
  • F04D17/12—Multi-stage pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
  • F04D27/02—Surge control
  • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
  • F04D27/02—Surge control
  • F04D27/0269—Surge control by changing flow path between different stages or between a plurality of compressors; load distribution between compressors
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
  • F25J3/04012—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling
  • F25J3/04018—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit by compression of warm gaseous streams; details of intake or interstage cooling of main feed air
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
  • F25J3/04109—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers
  • F25J3/04115—Arrangements of compressors and /or their drivers characterised by the type of prime driver, e.g. hot gas expander
  • F25J3/04127—Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
  • F25J3/04563—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating
  • F25J3/04575—Integration with a nitrogen consuming unit, e.g. for purging, inerting, cooling or heating for a gas expansion plant, e.g. dilution of the combustion gas in a gas turbine
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04521—Coupling of the air fractionation unit to an air gas-consuming unit, so-called integrated processes
  • F25J3/04593—The air gas consuming unit is also fed by an air stream
  • F25J3/04606—Partially integrated air feed compression, i.e. independent MAC for the air fractionation unit plus additional air feed from the air gas consuming unit
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
  • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
  • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
  • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
  • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
  • F25J3/04781—Pressure changing devices, e.g. for compression, expansion, liquid pumping
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2240/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for expanding of process streams
  • F25J2240/40—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval
  • F25J2240/42—Expansion without extracting work, i.e. isenthalpic throttling, e.g. JT valve, regulating valve or venturi, or isentropic nozzle, e.g. Laval the fluid being air

Definitions

• Multi-stage compressor, air separation apparatus comprising such a compressor and installation
• the present invention relates to a multistage compressor, an air separation apparatus comprising such a compressor and an installation.
• ASU air separation apparatus
• This arrangement is used to adapt the operation of the gas turbine which is generally designed to burn a higher calorific gas than that generated by the gasifier.
• the pressure of the air extracted from the gas turbine is generally higher than that normally used in I 1 ASU. In order to avoid any loss of energy, it is advantageous to use this air in the ASU at the pressure at which it is available. In the event that this air is only part of the ASU's power supply, the rest of the necessary air must be compressed in an independent compressor. It will be preferable to compress this second airflow to the same pressure as that of the airflow from the gas turbine compressor so that the process is not dependent on the proportion of air extracted from the turbine. gas, this proportion may vary at any time.
• the independent air compressor supplying the ASU is therefore subject to a flow reduction of up to 50% or 60% (if the flow reduction of the ASU is added an increase in the proportion of air extract).
• the flow rate of a compressor can be reduced to a certain extent by using internal adjustment members, for example example of the blades at the entrance of the floors.
• internal adjustment members for example example of the blades at the entrance of the floors.
• the yield loss would be 5 to 10% and then the air would have to be expanded to the required pressure.
• the characteristic of the compressor wheels is such that it will result in an increase of flow, so that it will be necessary to go even further in the action on the blades with a yield loss further increased.
• it is therefore necessary to vent 20% of the nominal flow rate and to constrict the compressed air to reduce its pressure to the required pressure.
• a compressor comprising a first and a second stage mounted on a common axis with means for supplying the first stage with a gas to be compressed, means for transferring compressed gas from the discharge of the first stage at the inlet of the second stage and means for producing a pressurized gas at the discharge of the second stage characterized in that it comprises a throttling valve for reducing the pressure of the compressed gas downstream of the discharge of the first stage and in upstream of the inlet of the second stage, means for sending the compressed gas from the discharge of the first stage to the inlet of the second stage via the throttling valve and means for sending a portion of the compressed gas into the first stage in the air.
• the compressor comprises a third stage, means for transferring the pressurized gas from the discharge of the second stage to the inlet of the third stage, a throttling valve to reduce the pressure of the compressed gas downstream of the discharge of the second stage and upstream the inlet of the third stage and means for sending a portion of the compressed gas in the second stage to the air.
• the first stage comprises moving blades for controlling the flow rate.
• the compressor comprises at least one stage downstream of the third but no means of expansion between the discharge of the third stage and the stage (s) downstream of the third stage.
• the throttle valve is upstream of a compressor stage and upstream or downstream of a cooler adapted to cool the air for this stage.
• a cryogenic distillation air separation apparatus comprising at least one compressor as described above.
• an installation comprising a first air compressor, a combustion chamber, a gas turbine, means for sending air from the first air compressor to the air chamber. combustion, means for supplying combustion gases to the gas turbine, an air separation apparatus, means for supplying air from the first air compressor to the air separation apparatus, a second compressor and means for supplying air from the second air compressor to the air separation apparatus characterized in that the second compressor is as described above.
• an integrated method of producing energy and an air gas in which air is compressed in a first air compressor at a first pressure, sends a portion of the air from the first compressor to a combustion chamber, sends combustion gases to a gas turbine, sends a portion of the air from the first compressor to an air separation apparatus, and compresses air in a second compressor at the first pressure and sent to the air separation apparatus, the second compressor comprising at least two stages and in which to compress a nominal flow rate at the first pressure for air separation apparatus, the air is sent from a first stage of the second compressor to a second stage thereof characterized in that, to produce a reduced reduced pressure flow for the separation apparatus air, we send some of the air com in the first stage is air-conditioned and the pressure of the remaining air from the first stage is reduced in a throttling valve upstream of the second stage.
• the second compressor comprises at least three stages and for compressing a nominal flow rate at the first pressure intended for the air separation unit, the air is sent from a second stage of the second compressor to a third stage of this unit; characterized in that, to produce a reduced reduced pressure flow rate for the air separation apparatus, a portion of the compressed air is sent into the first stage in air and the pressure of the air is reduced. remaining air from the second stage in a throttling valve upstream of the third stage.
• the volume flow rate of compressed air at the inlet and / or the discharge of the second (and third) stage (s) is substantially constant between a nominal step and a reduced step.
• the solution proposed by the invention is to add a throttling valve at the inlet of the second compression stage, and if necessary, at the entrance of the third and subsequent stages.
• This valve has the effect of reducing the suction pressure of the next stage so that, if its compression ratio is maintained by reducing its discharge pressure in the same proportion as its suction pressure, its volume flow will be preserved, but its mass flow will be reduced in the same proportion as its input pressure. Maintaining the nominal compression ratios of the following stages, i.e. by reducing the pressures in the same proportions, will achieve the same reduction in flow on all these stages without any loss of efficiency since all these stages will work almost at their nominal point. This results in a reduced flow rate for all stages after the throttling valve with reduced discharge pressure and reduced energy in the same proportions, without loss of efficiency.
• FIG. 1 and 2 show a compressor according to the invention
• FIG. 1 shows an installation according to the invention.
• a compressor C2 with five stages 1, 2, 3,
• the blades of the first stage 1 reduce the air flow 7 to 70% of the nominal flow.
• a flow rate representing 12.2% of the nominal flow rate is sent to the air through the pipe 17 and the expansion valve VD1.
• the rest of the air, representing 57.8% of the nominal flow rate is sent to the cooler R1 and then to the throttling valve which reduces its pressure to 57.8% of the nominal value of the pressure.
• This reduced flow in pressure is sent by the pipe
• the flow is then compressed in the stages 2, 3, 4 and 5 without undergoing pressure reduction between two adjacent stages except for the pressure drops of the coolers R2, R3, R4. and R5.
• the final air pressure will be 8.9 bar.
• the volume flow remains substantially constant between the nominal run and the reduced run.
• FIG 2 there is illustrated another compressor C2 five stages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 with a cooling means between each stage and downstream of the last stage R1, R2, R3, R4, R5.
• the air 7 is sent to a first stage 1 which has movable speed control vanes.
• the blades of the stage 1 do not reduce the flow rate, the compressed air in the first stage 1 passes entirely through the lines 15, 19, 21 via a throttling valve V1 without pressure reduction. Downstream of the second stage 2, it is cooled by the cooler R2 and then passes into the throttle valve V2 without being reduced in pressure. The flow is then compressed in stages 3, 4 and 5.
• the blades of stage 1 reduce the air flow 7 to 70% of the nominal flow rate.
• a flow rate representing 12.2% of the nominal flow rate is sent to the air through the pipe 17 and the expansion valve VD1.
• the rest of the air, representing 57.8% of the nominal flow rate, is sent to the cooler R1 and then to the throttling valve, which reduces its pressure to 57.8% of the nominal pressure.
• a reduced pressure flow is sent via the pipe 21 to the inlet of the second stage 2. This flow rate is compressed in the second stage and divided in two.
• air is compressed in the adiabatic compressor C1 and divided into two.
• Part 9 is cooled (not shown) and sent to an ASU air separation unit.
• Part 10 is sent to a combustion chamber CC for combustion with a fuel 12, such as natural gas or coal.
• the combustion gases 13 are expanded in a turbine T1 coupled to the compressor C1.
• the air separation apparatus is also supplied with air 8 by a compressor C2 according to the invention, which may be as described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
• nitrogen 11 of the separation apparatus of FIG. The air can be sent to the gas turbine and the air separation apparatus also produces oxygen 12 for a gasifier.
• a nominal flow rate of 100 Nm 3 / h is assumed and a nominal discharge pressure of 16 atm abs. It is assumed a 5-stage compressor.
• the energy of each stage is evaluated as equal to the product 0,1 * log (P re f / P as p) * flow, P re f being the discharge pressure and P asp the suction pressure, which gives a realistic value in kW and it is assumed that the energy of the compressor is the sum of the energies of the stages.
• the first reduced case shows the energy obtained by using blades on each stage, assuming that the mass flow can be reduced to 70% without loss of efficiency (very optimistic hypothesis).
• the second reduced case shows the use of blades only on the first stage and a throttling valve suction of the second stage, so a compressor according to the invention.
• this solution is not enough to reduce the pressure and the flow rate to the desired value, but we gain about 14% on energy consumption compared to the solution using only blades.
• a compressor according to the invention is used and, with respect to the case N 0 2, a suction valve of the third stage is added, which makes it possible to further reduce the discharge pressure and the flow rate on the stages. following.
• the energy reduction compared to the base case is about 20%.
• This invention claims, for a multi-stage compressor subjected to simultaneous reductions in mass flow and discharge pressure exceeding 25%, the use of a suction throttling valve of the second stage and the, or next floor (s) if necessary.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2006
  • 2006-03-14 FR FR0650863A patent/FR2898645B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-03-05 CN CN200780017591.1A patent/CN101443558B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-03-05 CA CA002645202A patent/CA2645202A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-03-05 JP JP2008558858A patent/JP2009530528A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-03-05 EP EP07731695A patent/EP1996816A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-03-05 WO PCT/FR2007/050878 patent/WO2007104878A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2007-03-05 US US12/282,209 patent/US20090025364A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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