Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
  • C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
  • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
  • B32B17/069—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of intumescent material

Definitions

• the present invention relates to anti-fire glazing comprising glass sheets associated with one or more layers of hydrated alkali silicate.
• the exposure to fire of these glazings causes the formation of an opaque foam which opposes the transmission of radiation and maintains the glass sheets to which the alkali silicate layer (s) are associated.
• the invention relates more particularly to the glazings in question, the intumescent layer of which is prepared by drying an alkaline silicate solution.
• the invention is more particularly directed to glazings in which the intumescent layer consists of mainly sodium silicates.
• Fireproof glazing is qualified according to its resistance to standardized tests. Three qualities are analyzed, the flame-tightness (E), the radiation shield (W) and the insulation (I) formed by the foam developed by the silicate layer exposed to a high temperature rise. The classification is made according to the time during which the glazings tested offer the properties in question, as described in the standards EN1363, EN1364-1, EN13501-2 and EN357. Traditionally glazings are classified by 30 minutes of resistance: 30, 60, 90 minutes etc. These products carry the E, EW or EI mark according to whether they offer watertightness alone, watertightness and radiation shielding, or sealing and insulation. This symbol is followed by the number indicating the protection time in minutes.
• E 30 or EW 30 type the products for which the insulating nature is not particularly sought after, by far the vast majority of the products marketed are of the E 30 or EW 30 type.
• the E 60 or EW 60 products represent a much narrower market share, and superior resistance products do not are currently manufactured at the moment of demand and for very exceptional applications, and in the latter case most often in unusual small dimensions which make the required performance less difficult to achieve.
• glazings E (W) 30 and E (W) 60 are prepared under conditions that must be as economical as possible. For this reason the elements that constitute them must be standardized. For this reason in particular the layers of intumescent material are usually always prepared from the most common raw materials on the market and for this reason the least expensive.
• the basic raw material consists of solutions of alkali silicates which find applications in the most varied industries, cleaning products, paints ...
• solutions of alkaline silicates are characterized by a solids content of the order of 35% and a molar ratio SiO 2 / Na 2 O close to 3.3.
• the fluidity of these solutions and their stability over time contribute significantly to the choice of these solutions.
• intumescent layers from alkaline silicate solutions has developed logically from these most common products. This way of proceeding conditions the process of preparation of the layers and in particular the drying cycle to which the solution is subjected. In the experiment, the inventors have also found that this choice involves constraints and limitations with regard to the structures and qualities of the glazings comprising these intumescent layers. Nevertheless the benefit of the convenience of industrial implementation of a single product or at least a limited number of products (the silicate solutions indicated above) prevails. Reserving only a single or a small number of components, also producing only one type of layer or a limited number of intumescent layers in facilities operating in a given mode, have imposed themselves to practice.
• the inventors have shown that it is possible to meet the new requirements without modifying the structure of the previous glazings, conferring on the intumescent layers used a creep temperature "Td" increased. The measurement of this temperature is explained below.
• the intumescent layers based on sodium silicates used in the glazings according to the invention have a Td of not less than 440 ° C. and preferably not less than 450 ° C.
• the intumescent layers of the glazings the invention have a Td at least equal to 460 ° C.
• the Td increase of the intumescent layers according to the invention is advantageously obtained by the use of alkali silicates whose SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio is at least 3.5, and preferably at least 3, 8.
• the increase of the SiO 2 / Na 2 O ratio is preferably obtained starting from solutions of commercially available silicates having the same ratio. If the most usual solutions have a ratio of the order of 3.3 as indicated above, it is possible to obtain solutions having a slightly higher ratio. The solicited producers thus propose solutions whose ratio is 3.85, and 4.1 and if necessary still a little higher. But starting from solutions of stable silicates prepared industrially, the ratio does not exceed 5. Beyond these values to remain stable, as indicated later, the solutions should be too diluted. Their use would then be discarded for reasons of cost of drying.
• the SiO 2 / Na 2 O molar ratio in the intumescent layers of the glazings according to the invention is in the range from 3.5 to 5 and preferably from 3.8 to 4.5.
• a typical glazing E 30 consists of two sheets of glass of 3mm each bound by an intumescent layer of 1.5mm.
• the characteristic "soft impact resistance" of this type of glazing can be sensitive to the modification of the ratio SiO 2 / Na 2 O.
• a typical glazing E 60 consisting for example of three sheets of glass respectively 3, 8 and 3mm thick, and two intumescent layers each 1.5mm thick, without difficulty retains the soft impact resistance required when you increase a little the SiO 2 / Na 2 O ratio.
• the compositions of the intumescent layers are characterized by a water content of 20 to 35% by weight of the layer, and preferably of 22 to 31%.
• the choice of these contents results from a compromise between the cost of the drying operations, the fireproofing properties and also the conditions which guarantee the transparency of the glazings at their production as well as over time.
• compositions used for the formation of the intumescent layers may contain sugars which complement the action of the polyols.
• Other traditional additives consist of TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate) or MTEOS (trimethoxy-methyl-silane) type compounds. These compounds are introduced into the layers in particular to improve the mechanical properties. Their introduction is at levels that do not exceed 3% by weight of the layer.
• the amine compounds preferably do not exceed 2% by weight of the layer.
• Other amino compounds such as TMAH (tetramethyl amine hydroxide) or a salt thereof, can improve aging behavior (haze).
• surfactants are frequently introduced into the initial compositions.
• the drying operation is carried out on a solution placed under a thin layer.
• the liquid composition is cast in the form of a film of uniform thickness on a support which can be conventionally constituted by a glass sheet intended to form part of the final glazing.
• the sheet covered by the solution is introduced into a chamber regulated temperature and humidity.
• the heated air circulating in the chamber gradually entrains part of the water contained in the solution.
• the drying can also be carried out in a known manner, the composition being deposited in a thin layer on a flexible support constituting a temporary support or not. In the first case the layer is separated after drying, in the second the flexible support can be incorporated in the final glazing with the intumescent layer that it supports during the drying operation.
• the drying of the solution is carried out until the water content is brought back to the values indicated above. It continues normally even after the solution has formed a gel.
• compositions and glazings comprising the intumescent layers prepared from these compositions.
• the temperature values "Td” are determined as follows.
• a glazing is formed of two sheets of glass between which is included the fireproof layer to be characterized.
• a 50mm square sample is cut from the side and pierced with a central hole 15mm in diameter.
• the sample is pre-expanded at 230 ° C. for 30 minutes and then cooled to room temperature.
• the Td measurement is carried out in a furnace (brand TONININDUSTRIE, model 5705) with temperature control, charging device, measuring thermocouples and differential measuring device.
• alumina shims the sample is positioned against the lower probe, which thus characterizes the lower face of the sample.
• the second probe passes through the sample through the central hole and thus characterizes the upper face of the sample.
• a load of 2.5kg is applied to the sample.
• differential measurement of the two probes one follows the dilation / compression of the sample when the temperature increases by 5 ° C / minute.
• the temperature Td is that at which the sample begins to flow, which results
• Example 1 The base composition consists of a sodium silicate solution having an SiO 2 / Na 2 O ratio of 3.9 and an initial water content of 70% by weight.
• the composition is applied to a glass sheet 3 mm thick.
• the creep temperature Td of the layer obtained is measured at 462 ° C.
• a "traditional" layer prepared under the same conditions but with a SiO 2 / Na 2 O ratio of 3.35 has a Td of 428 ° C.
• the laminated glazing thus constituted is arranged in a frame consisting of a simple steel profile, not insulated (model "Presto" marketed under the name
• the glazing according to the invention thus reaches 62 minutes.
• a composition analogous to that of Example 1 is prepared from a sodium silicate solution with a SiO 2 / Na 2 O 4 O ratio and a water content of 82% by weight.
• the solutions are dried as before.
• the intumescent layer prepared with a thickness of 1.8 mm has the following composition:
• the creep temperature of the layer thus produced is measured at 517 ° C.
• Glazing made as before with a central sheet of glass 8mm thick, subjected to the fire test has a resistance of 66 minutes.
• a composition analogous to that of Example 1 is prepared from a sodium silicate solution with an SiO 2 / Na 2 O 4 .15 ratio and a water content of 75% by weight.
• the solutions are dried as before.
• the prepared intumescent layer 1.1 mm thick, has the following composition: - 30% water
• the creep temperature of the thus produced layer is measured at 494 ° C.
• a glazing consisting as before of two sheets with the intumescent layer associated with a central sheet, subjected to the fire test has a resistance of 64 minutes.
• Example 1 Three sheets prepared in Example 1 are assembled with a fourth glass sheet 3 mm thick in a structure thus comprising 4 sheets of glass and 3 intumescent layers.
• the glazing thus formed subjected to the standard test withstands 72 minutes fire.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
• Fireproofing Substances (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=36997913

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (2)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2007
  • 2007-04-18 WO PCT/EP2007/053774 patent/WO2007118886A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2007-04-18 EP EP07728236A patent/EP2010383A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events