EP2013384B2 - Vliesstoff - Google Patents

Vliesstoff Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2013384B2
EP2013384B2 EP07724352.5A EP07724352A EP2013384B2 EP 2013384 B2 EP2013384 B2 EP 2013384B2 EP 07724352 A EP07724352 A EP 07724352A EP 2013384 B2 EP2013384 B2 EP 2013384B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
polymer
woven fabric
filler
weight
filament
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP07724352.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2013384A1 (de
EP2013384B1 (de
Inventor
Steffen Bornemann
Markus Haberer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fitesa Germany GmbH
Original Assignee
Fiberweb Corovin GmbH
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Application filed by Fiberweb Corovin GmbH filed Critical Fiberweb Corovin GmbH
Priority to PL07724352T priority Critical patent/PL2013384T5/pl
Publication of EP2013384A1 publication Critical patent/EP2013384A1/de
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Publication of EP2013384B1 publication Critical patent/EP2013384B1/de
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/04—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins
    • D01F6/06—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyolefins from polypropylene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43828—Composite fibres sheath-core
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4282—Addition polymers
    • D04H1/4291—Olefin series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334—Polyamides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326—Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435—Polyesters
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825—Composite fibres
    • D04H1/43832—Composite fibres side-by-side
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D04H1/43912—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres fibres with noncircular cross-sections
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D04H1/43914—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres hollow fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2927—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including structurally defined particulate matter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material
    • Y10T442/642—Strand or fiber material is a blend of polymeric material and a filler material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/699—Including particulate material other than strand or fiber material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nonwoven fabric made of polymer threads, comprising a thermoplastic polymer and an inorganic filler and the production of nonwovens.
  • soft-particle-containing polyolefin fibers and filaments having improved properties in terms of their solidification behavior during thermobonding are known to produce a broader consolidation window compared to nonwoven webs of fibers or filaments without particles. An indication of the retention of the mechanical properties or the permeability of the nonwovens is not given.
  • US 2006/084346 A1 is based on gas-permeable spun-bonded sheet materials, which have a higher liquid barrier than traditional products and also have good physical properties.
  • filament strands are formed as a three-dimensional, integral network.
  • halocarbon-based solvents are used.
  • EP 0 841 415 A2 discloses fibers containing fine inorganic particles in high concentration, aiming for good processability and physical properties. However, in order to ensure this, it is necessary to add high molecular weight substances having polar groups which are absorbed at the interface of the fine inorganic particles or which have a high affinity for the interface of the inorganic particles and improve the thermodynamic compatibility between the polymer and the filler.
  • EP 0 298 767 A2 discloses yarns with high filler contents and their preparation. In order to improve the strength properties of the highly filled yarns, orientation within the yarns during spinning and drawing is sought, which is associated with a drastic reduction in extensibility.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a nonwoven fabric of polymer filaments having a higher filler content, wherein a nonwoven fabric produced from the polymer yarn, compared to a nonwoven fabric of a polymer thread having a filler content ⁇ 10% by weight, have substantially unchanged properties should.
  • the air permeability, the water column, the average pore size, the penetration times and the mechanical properties, measured as maximum tensile force and maximum tensile elongation are examples of those nonwoven properties that remain substantially unchanged at the filler content of the invention.
  • the core idea of the invention is the recognition that, when the filler content is significantly increased, the particle size of the filler plays a decisive role in ensuring the constancy of the properties of the polymer thread or of the nonwovens produced therefrom.
  • the inventors have recognized that with increased filler content especially the uniform dispersion of the filler in the polymer matrix ensures the consistency of the material properties and they have recognized that the uniformity of the dispersion is essentially dependent on the size and shape of the particles of the filler.
  • the range of the appropriate average particle size was determined. This is at a filler content of more than 10% by weight slurry ⁇ 6 microns (D 50 ).
  • a “thread” in the sense of the invention is a line-shaped structure which forms the basic element of a textile fabric.
  • the term “thread” is to be understood as a common generic term for the terms “filament” and “fiber”.
  • a “fiber” differs conceptually from a “filament” by its finite length. “Filaments” are thus u.a. to understand as endless fibers.
  • Polymers are macromolecular substances that are composed of simple molecules (monomers) by polymerization, polycondensation or polyaddition.
  • “Filament-forming polymers” in the context of the invention are polymers which have properties in their melt or solution which fulfill the conditions of spinnability.
  • the conditions for the spinnability of polymers were described by Nitschman and Schrade (Helv. Chem. Acta 31 (1948) 297 ) and through Hirai (Rheol. Acta 1 (1958) 213 ) as well as by Ziabicki and Taskerman-Krozer (Colloid Z. 198 (1964) 60 ).
  • a “filler” within the meaning of the invention relates to particles and other forms of materials that can be added to the polymer extrusion mixture, wherein the particles do not affect the polymer and distribute evenly throughout the extrusion mixture.
  • the filler can be made of different materials, with variations in the shape and size of the particles.
  • Texttile fabrics in the context of this description are woven, knitted, knitted or nonwoven fabrics. “Nonwovens” are thus a subspecies of textile fabrics. They consist of fiber webs, e.g. are solidified by mechanical methods or by binding fibers or chemical aids or combinations thereof.
  • the filler of the nonwoven fabric according to the invention of polymer threads consists of an alkaline earth carbonate, in particular of calcium carbonate.
  • Calcium carbonate is an ideal filler, which is characterized by the following, among others by JT Lutz, and RF Grossman (Eds.), "Polymer Modifiers and Additives", Marcel Dekker, Inc. 2001, page 125 et seq. Characteristics characterized: chemically inert to the polymer or other additives; low specific gravity, desired refractive index and color, low cost.
  • calcium carbonate is normally derived from natural chalk deposits and that local geological conditions determine the level of additional minerals in the chalk.
  • additional minerals e.g., in the chalk, among other alkaline earth carbonates, e.g. also metal oxides such as e.g. Be contained iron oxide.
  • the filler consists of at least 90% by weight, preferably 95% by weight, in particular 97% by weight of calcium carbonate.
  • fillers include iron oxides, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or silica (SiO 2 ) or calcium oxide (CaO) or magnesium oxide (MgO) or barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) or magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) or aluminum sulfates (AlSO 4 ) or aluminum hydroxide (AlOH 3 ).
  • iron oxides iron oxides, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) or silica (SiO 2 ) or calcium oxide (CaO) or magnesium oxide (MgO) or barium sulfate (BaSO 4 ) or magnesium sulfate (MgSO 4 ) or aluminum sulfates (AlSO 4 ) or aluminum hydroxide (AlOH 3 ).
  • alumina kaolin
  • zeolites kieselguhr
  • talc mica or carbon black.
  • Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is also a common filler which can in principle also be used in connection with the invention.
  • titanium dioxide TiO 2
  • the filler content is between 15 and 25 percent by weight, based on the weight of the polymer thread.
  • the preferred range of the fillers used according to the invention is ⁇ 6 ⁇ m. This preferably corresponds to a top cut (D 98 ) of the filler particles of ⁇ 10 ⁇ m. The value in this case indicates that only 2% of the filler particles are> 10 ⁇ m.
  • the particle size is 2-6 microns.
  • the mentioned lower limit makes no statement on the feasibility of the invention with even smaller particle sizes, but characterizes the range of those particle sizes which ensure a uniform dispersion and at the same time are available at favorable cost prices.
  • the particle shape of the filler a distinction is made between spherical (eg glass or silicate spheres), cube-shaped (eg calcium carbonate), cuboid (eg barium sulfate or silica), platelet-shaped (eg talc or mica) or cylindrical particles.
  • thermoplastic compounds for the recovery of the nonwoven fabric of polymer threads according to the invention are generally all thermoplastic compounds in question.
  • the important thread-forming, spinnable thermoplastic polymers are polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides or halogen-containing polymers.
  • the class of polyolefins includes i.a. Polyethylene (HDPE, LDPE, LLDPE, VLDPE, ULDPE, UHMW-PE), polypropylene (PP), poly (1-butene), polyisobutylene, poly (1-pentene), poly (4-methylpent-1-ene), Polybutadiene, polyisoprene, and various olefin copolymers. Besides these, heterophasic blends are also among the polyolefins.
  • polyolefins in particular polypropylene or polyethylene, graft or copolymers of polyolefins and ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids or carboxylic anhydrides, polyesters, polycarbonate, polysulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polystyrene, polyamides or a mixture of two or more of said compounds can be used.
  • polyesters are i.a. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), but also degradable polyesters such as polylactic acid (polylactide, PLA) counted.
  • PET Polyethylene terephthalate
  • PTT polytrimethylene terephthalate
  • PBT polybutylene terephthalate
  • PEN polyethylene naphthalate
  • degradable polyesters such as polylactic acid (polylactide, PLA) counted.
  • the halogen-containing fiber-forming polymers include, for example, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PVDC polyvinylidene chloride
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • polyacrylates polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyoxymethylene, polyimide or polyurea, which come as a component of the polymer thread of the invention in question.
  • the polymer thread in the nonwoven fabric according to the invention may be formed as a mono- or also as a multicomponent filament.
  • the polymer composition of the individual components does not have to be uniform, but is variable within wide limits.
  • the weight fraction of the filler-containing component, based on the total weight of the multicomponent filament is greater than 50%.
  • bicomponent filaments When using bicomponent filaments, various shapes are available, e.g. Core / coat or side-by-side. Bicomponent filaments of various polyolefins, particularly polypropylene and polyethylene, are particularly preferred.
  • the filaments are placed on a tray for further solidification to a nonwoven or cut to the desired length for spinning fiber production (in the literature filaments are sometimes referred to as fibers after drawing, although the filaments have not been cut to length).
  • the consolidation of the filaments in melt spinning can be carried out in a manner known to the person skilled in the art by mechanical processes (mainly needling or hydroentanglement), by heat (welding by application of pressure with simultaneous heating) or by means of chemical methods (bonding agent).
  • the carding process, the meltblown process, the wet-laid process, the electrostatic spinning or aerodynamic nonwoven production process can be used.
  • nonwoven fabrics made from polyolefin fibers, in particular from polypropylene fibers and / or polypropylene-polyethylene bicomponent fibers, in particular core sheath fibers with PP core and PE sheath.
  • the nonwoven fabric consists of a blend of a polymeric thread with a uniform or multiple different natural fiber. Hemp, jute, sisal and tobacco leaves are used as natural fibers.
  • nonwoven fabric according to the invention upon its solidification, e.g. By varying temperatures and pressures during thermal consolidation during calendering, it can certainly help to vary the properties of the calcium carbonate filled nonwoven fabrics beyond the scope given herein.
  • nonwoven fabric In the context of the invention are also the many uses of the nonwoven fabric.
  • the most important possible uses for the nonwovens according to the invention are the production of interlining materials, personal hygiene articles (diapers, sanitary napkins, cosmetic pads), cleaning wipes and mop cloths, as well as filters for gases, aerosols and liquids, wound dressings, wound compresses.
  • the production of insulating materials, acoustic nonwovens and roof underlays is conceivable.
  • geo-tile is, according to the breadth of the preamble, very comprehensive.
  • geo-tiles are used in the attachment of dykes, as a layer in a green roof construction, as a layer of a landfill cover for the separation of earth layers and bulk solids or as an intermediate layer below the ballast bed of a road surface.
  • nonwovens are useful as covers for the field and vegetable economy.
  • Example 1 Nonwovens consisting of monofilaments
  • the calcium carbonate used is a granulated calcium carbonate, which can be obtained from Omya AG.
  • ZN-PP Moplen HP560R, manufacturer Basell
  • the proposed method is not limited to this type of PP, but are also others plastics suitable for fiber, filament or nonwoven fabric formation, such as, for example, metallocene PP, random and heterophasic propylene copolymers, polyolefin block and copolymer, polyethylenes, polyesters, polyamides, etc.
  • Table 1 summarizes the composition of the nonwoven fabrics produced as well as selected characteristic properties.
  • nonwoven fabric samples 12.1, 17.1 and 20.1 made by melt spinning and made of pure PP monofilaments.
  • melt-spun nonwoven samples 12.2, 17.2 and 20.2 were made from monofilaments consisting of a mixture of 90% PP and 10% calcium carbonate.
  • melt-spun nonwoven samples 12.3, 17.3 and 20.3 were made from monofilaments consisting of a mixture of 85% PP and 15% calcium carbonate.
  • melt-spun nonwoven samples 12.4 and 20.4 were made from monofilaments consisting of a blend of 75% PP and 25% calcium carbonate. ⁇ b> Table 1 ⁇ / b>. Composition, process conditions, and characteristics of nonwovens made from monofilaments.
  • nonwovens of core / sheath bicomponent fibers were prepared.
  • Table 2 summarizes the composition and its characteristics.
  • melt-spun nonwoven samples 12.1B and 20.1B are made of pure PP bicomponent filaments having a core / sheath ratio of 50/50 and are intended as a reference.
  • the melt-spun nonwoven samples 12.2B and 20.2B consist of PP bicomponent filaments in which the core of the filaments consists of a blend of 90% PP and 10% calcium carbonate and the sheath of pure PP.
  • the core / shell ratio was 75/25. Based on the total fiber, the content of calcium carbonate is about 7.5%.
  • the melt-spun nonwoven samples 12.3B and 20.3B are made of PP bicomponent filaments in which both the core and the sheath of the filaments are a mixture of 90% PP and 10% calcium carbonate.
  • the core / shell ratio was 50/50. Based on the total fiber, the content of calcium carbonate is about 5%.
  • the melt-spun nonwoven fabric sample 20.4B consists of PP bicomponent filaments in which the core of the filaments consists of a mixture of 75% PP and 25% calcium carbonate and the sheath of pure PP.
  • the core / shell ratio was 50/50. Based on the total fiber, the content of calcium carbonate is about 12.5%.
  • the melt-spun nonwoven fabric sample 20.5B consists of PP bicomponent filaments in which the core of the filaments consists of a blend of 75% PP and 25% calcium carbonate and the sheath of pure PP.
  • the core / shell ratio was 75/25. Based on the total fiber, the content of calcium carbonate is about 18.75%.
  • the blends for producing the nonwoven fabrics may contain, in addition to the specified formulations, other additives or blends, in particular titanium dioxide or pigments.
  • other additives or blends in particular titanium dioxide or pigments.
  • Nonwovens used for personal care products are typically rendered hydrophilic.
  • the hydrophilizing agent Nuwet 237 from GE SILOCONES can be used for this purpose.
  • both pure PP nonwovens and those with a calcium carbonate content of 10% and a weight per unit area of 12 g / m 2 and 20 g / m 2 were obtained by a formulation consisting of 7.5% Nuwet 237 in water, hydrophilized by kiss roll application.
  • the amount of active substance applied in this way was about 0.2% based on the weight of the web.
  • the basis weight determination was carried out according to DIN EN 29073-1 on 10 x 10 cm specimens.
  • the nonwoven fabric thickness was measured as the distance between two plane-parallel measuring surfaces of a certain size, between which the nonwovens are below a predetermined measuring pressure.
  • the method was carried out analogously to DIN EN ISO 9073-2.
  • the average pore size of the nonwovens was determined by means of a capillary flow porometer (PMI Capillary Flow Porometer CFP-34RUF8A-3-X-M2T). In the process, a sample saturated with a special liquid is exposed in the porometer to a continuously increasing air pressure, and the dependence on air pressure and air flow is measured.
  • the measurement of the air permeability was carried out according to DIN EN ISO 9237.
  • the surface of the measuring head was 20 cm 2 , the applied test pressure 200 Pa.
  • the determination of the water column was carried out in accordance with DIN EN 20811. Gradient of the test pressure 10 mbar / min. As a measure of the watertightness of the water pressure in mbar or mm water column is specified, in which penetrates at the third point of the test area of the first drop of water through the test material.
  • the mechanical properties of the nonwovens were determined according to DIN EN 29073-3. Clamping length: 100mm, sample width 50mm, feed 200mm / min. "Maximum tensile force” is the maximum force reached when passing through the force-strain curve, “Maximum tensile strain” is the strain in the force-strain curve associated with the maximum tensile force.
  • the penetration times of the hydrophilized nonwovens were measured according to EDANA ERT 150.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Multicomponent Fibers (AREA)
EP07724352.5A 2006-04-28 2007-04-19 Vliesstoff Active EP2013384B2 (de)

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ES2340815T5 (es) 2014-04-30
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US20090104831A1 (en) 2009-04-23
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RU2408745C2 (ru) 2011-01-10
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US10087555B2 (en) 2018-10-02
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PL2013384T5 (pl) 2014-06-30
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