EP2039215B1 - Transducteur électroacoustique - Google Patents

Transducteur électroacoustique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2039215B1
EP2039215B1 EP07763720.5A EP07763720A EP2039215B1 EP 2039215 B1 EP2039215 B1 EP 2039215B1 EP 07763720 A EP07763720 A EP 07763720A EP 2039215 B1 EP2039215 B1 EP 2039215B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sound
electroacoustic transducer
transducer according
laser
light
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP07763720.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2039215A1 (fr
Inventor
Balthasar Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
XARION Laser Acoustics GmbH
Original Assignee
XARION Laser Acoustics GmbH
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Publication of EP2039215A1 publication Critical patent/EP2039215A1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
    • H04R23/008—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00 using optical signals for detecting or generating sound

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the faithful conversion of acoustic signals (sounds, speech and music) into electrical signals.
  • the electrical signals can then be transmitted or stored using conventional methods.
  • a microphone is introduced, which converts the sound waves directly into optical and then into electrical signals, without the help of moving components such as a membrane would be necessary.
  • the novel microphone uses the influence of sound waves, more precisely their pressure fluctuations, on the speed of light of a laser beam, which traverses the medium of the sound field.
  • the change in the speed of light ⁇ c is proportional to the sound pressure p .
  • this small change .DELTA.c can be determined and then converted into an electrical signal proportional to the sound pressure. This is the output of the new microphone.
  • the sound pressure deforms elastic components, e.g. a membrane.
  • the deformation is converted into the electrical measurement signal.
  • Examples of electroacoustic transducers without mechanical parts can be found in the JP 60 028100A , of the US 6,590,661 and the GB 386,315 being found.
  • the mechanical systems have natural oscillations and their deflection is limited, whereby the electrical output signal is partially falsified. It is difficult to reliably compensate for such influences in the wide pressure range (threshold of hearing 20 pPa, threshold of pain 100 Pa) and in the wide frequency range (20 Hz to 20 kHz).
  • the mechanical systems also respond to structure-borne noise and air currents, which can lead to interference signals.
  • Sensitive, accurate and low-noise microphones are usually not sufficiently small and thus disturb the sound field to be measured.
  • Electromagnetic stray fields can affect the output signal in the case of electrically measuring systems (capacitor, plunger coil).
  • What is desired is a sound transducer that converts the sound waves undistorted into electrical signals and thereby manages without moving components. It should work in the entire audible frequency range and at all volumes.
  • the refractive index of air at 15 ° C and under a pressure of 0.101 MPa is 1.000326 for light of wavelength 0.2 ⁇ m and 1.000274 for light of wavelength 1 ⁇ m. It is thus greater by 326 ⁇ 10 -6 for UV light and 274 ⁇ 10 -6 for IR light than the refractive index 1 in vacuum.
  • the speed of light in air decreases by 0.9 m / s when the air pressure is increased by 1 Pa.
  • the change of the speed of light according to Eq. 3 can be used to determine the sound pressure: ⁇ c of the light beam is proportional to the sound pressure p in the sound field traversed.
  • the one beam After the division at the mirror B, the one beam is guided through the sound field S on the path of the length L 1 .
  • the other beam travels along the path of length L 2 through the sound-isolated housing G. Heide rays interfere behind the mirror C.
  • the detector H determines the intensity of the light and outputs a proportional electrical signal.
  • Trigonometric transformation I I 0 - I 0 cos ⁇ c M L 1 - L 2 cos ⁇ c M L 1 ⁇ c c M - I 0 sin ⁇ c M L 1 - L 2 sin ⁇ c M L 1 ⁇ c c M
  • the source of radiation is a laser diode made of a powerful green laser pointer. It is a diode-pumped neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet laser (Nd: YAG laser) with frequency doubling. The wavelength is 532 nm, the output power is a maximum of 5 mW.
  • the laser has been removed from the housing and mounted on the optical table by means of a holder element.
  • beam splitter cubes are used, since they separate the beam cleaner, in comparison to a semitransparent mirror, ie do not cause any secondary reflections.
  • silvered mirrors are used to achieve the highest possible reflectance.
  • the detector is a photodiode that provides an output signal of 0.4 A / W with an already integrated preamplifier (Newport Battery Biased Silicon Pin Detector). The output of the detector is fed to a digital storage oscilloscope (Tektronix TDS220).
  • the sound source is an Elac TM speaker connected to a small amplifier.
  • the signals are generated by a function generator (KR-Lab Sweep Generator F 47).
  • three sine tones generated by the tone generator at 500 Hz, 1 kHz and 2 kHz were measured by the diaphragmless microphone and displayed on the oscilloscope as a function of time.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Electrostatic, Electromagnetic, Magneto- Strictive, And Variable-Resistance Transducers (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Transducteur électroacoustique sans membrane avec :
    une source laser (A),
    un détecteur (H) avec un récepteur optique,
    deux paires de miroirs parallélépipédiques immobiles,
    un séparateur de faisceau (B), qui divise un faisceau laser d'une source laser (A) en un premier faisceau et un deuxième faisceau,
    un champ acoustique (S) à travers lequel le premier faisceau est guidé, et
    un boîtier insonorisé (G), à travers lequel passe le deuxième faisceau,
    la vitesse de propagation du premier faisceau variant selon la pression acoustique dans le champ acoustique (S), le détecteur (H) générant un signal électrique, qui dépend au moins de la variation de la vitesse de propagation du premier faisceau,
    les deux faisceaux étant respectivement réfléchis plusieurs fois entre les deux paires de miroirs (par.: D, E) parallélépipédiques immobiles et une paire de miroirs (D, E) et son espace intermédiaire étant exposés au son, caractérisé en ce que la deuxième paire de miroirs et son espace intermédiaire sont protégés du son.
  2. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la variation de la vitesse de propagation du premier faisceau est saisie par interférence avec le deuxième faisceau.
  3. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 1, une différence de chemin entre les deux faisceaux laser pouvant être réglée à λ/4 + λz, z étant un nombre entier.
  4. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la fréquence de pulsion de la source laser (A) se situe au-dessus de la gamme acoustique.
  5. Transducteur électroacoustique selon la revendication 1, pour lequel le boîtier (G) comporte une ouverture pour une compensation de pression entre l'intérieur du boîtier et l'atmosphère environnante.
EP07763720.5A 2006-06-27 2007-06-26 Transducteur électroacoustique Active EP2039215B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0108206A AT505021B1 (de) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 Membranloses mikrophon mit hilfe von lichtinterferenz
PCT/AT2007/000311 WO2008000007A1 (fr) 2006-06-27 2007-06-26 Transducteur électroacoustique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2039215A1 EP2039215A1 (fr) 2009-03-25
EP2039215B1 true EP2039215B1 (fr) 2018-08-08

Family

ID=38441640

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07763720.5A Active EP2039215B1 (fr) 2006-06-27 2007-06-26 Transducteur électroacoustique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8301029B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2039215B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2009542128A (fr)
CN (1) CN101480068A (fr)
AT (1) AT505021B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008000007A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021005068A1 (fr) 2019-07-09 2021-01-14 Trumpf Gmbh + Co. Kg Dispositif et procédé permettant de réaliser une photo-acoustique à résolution spatiale

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102150439B (zh) 2008-09-12 2015-04-22 楼氏电子亚洲有限公司 换能器系统装置及方法
EP3173781B8 (fr) 2015-11-25 2024-06-12 Xarion Laser Acoustics GmbH Système d'essai par ultrasons en suspension dans l'air pour un objet de test
US10352911B2 (en) * 2008-09-12 2019-07-16 Balthasar Fischer Airborne ultrasound testing system for a test object
US8306429B2 (en) * 2009-03-30 2012-11-06 Panasonic Corporation Optical ultrasonic microphone
WO2011083760A1 (fr) * 2010-01-07 2011-07-14 パナソニック株式会社 Microphone optique
EP2389014A1 (fr) * 2010-05-20 2011-11-23 Nxp B.V. Microphone
CN104052555B (zh) * 2014-06-19 2016-04-27 北京交通大学 一种ofdm系统下无线信道多径参数估计的方法
DE102014012364B4 (de) * 2014-08-25 2019-02-14 Microtech Gefell Gmbh Trägheitsloser akustisch-optischer Analog-Digital-Umsetzer (ADU) zur Bestimmung der Dichte bzw. Dichteschwankungen von Gasen und Vorrichtungen zur Verarbeitung optischer Signale
US9906870B2 (en) * 2016-02-15 2018-02-27 Aalap Rajendra SHAH Apparatuses and methods for sound recording, manipulation, distribution and pressure wave creation through energy transfer between photons and media particles
EP3734267A1 (fr) 2019-05-01 2020-11-04 Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems, Inc. Dispositifs d'inspection comportant des émetteurs laser et des microphones optiques et systèmes et procédés associés
DE102020112494A1 (de) 2020-05-08 2021-11-11 Jenoptik Automatisierungstechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Airbag-Abdeckung mit einer Sollbruchlinie mit einem definierten Aufreißwiderstand
DE102020112495B4 (de) 2020-05-08 2026-04-16 Jenoptik Automatisierungstechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Prüfung einer Airbag-Abdeckung mit einer Sollbruchlinie mit definiertem Aufreißwiderstand
DE102022200623A1 (de) * 2022-01-20 2023-07-20 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Prüfsystem und Prüfverfahren zur Dichtheitsprüfung einer Bipolarplatte

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JPS6018100A (ja) * 1983-07-11 1985-01-30 Yasushi Miki マイクロホン
JPS6028100A (ja) 1983-07-26 1985-02-13 Nec Corp 不揮発性半導体メモリ素子の書込み回路
US5712840A (en) * 1990-03-16 1998-01-27 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Optical information recording/reproduciing apparatus having two-division detectors
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JP3858563B2 (ja) * 2000-04-05 2006-12-13 株式会社日立製作所 カーレンズモード同期可能な固体レーザー
IL152439A0 (en) * 2002-10-23 2003-05-29 Membrane-less microphone capable of functioning in a very wide range of frequencies and with much less distortions
US7304005B2 (en) * 2003-03-17 2007-12-04 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Laser irradiation apparatus, laser irradiation method, and method for manufacturing a semiconductor device
TW200613246A (en) * 2004-03-08 2006-05-01 Du Pont Highly purified liquid perfluoro-n-alkanes and method for preparing
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2021005068A1 (fr) 2019-07-09 2021-01-14 Trumpf Gmbh + Co. Kg Dispositif et procédé permettant de réaliser une photo-acoustique à résolution spatiale
DE102019210073B4 (de) 2019-07-09 2022-01-13 Trumpf Gmbh + Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Durchführung ortsaufgelöster Photoakustik

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20090257753A1 (en) 2009-10-15
EP2039215A1 (fr) 2009-03-25
US8301029B2 (en) 2012-10-30
JP2009542128A (ja) 2009-11-26
CN101480068A (zh) 2009-07-08
AT505021A4 (de) 2008-10-15
WO2008000007A1 (fr) 2008-01-03
AT505021B1 (de) 2008-10-15

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