Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
  • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
  • B01J8/0221—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical shaped bed
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
  • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
  • B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
  • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
  • H01M8/0625—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material in a modular combined reactor/fuel cell structure
  • H01M8/0631—Reactor construction specially adapted for combination reactor/fuel cell
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
  • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
  • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
  • B01J2208/0053—Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
  • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
  • B01J2208/00539—Pressure
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
  • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to a reformer for a fuel cell system, comprising an oxidation zone, which stored fuel is fed by means of a primary Brennstoffzu 1500- device for reaction with Ox dationsffen; and a mixing zone arranged downstream of the oxidation zone, which stored fuel can be supplied by means of a secondary fuel supply means for mixing with emerging from the oxidation zone substances.
• the invention relates to a fuel cell system with such a reformer and a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell system.
• the invention further relates to a method for operating a reformer of a fuel cell system, comprising the steps of: supplying fuel located in a fuel tank to an oxidation zone in which the fuel with oxidant is convertible; and supplying fuel in a fuel tank to a mixing zone located downstream of the oxidation zone in which the fuel is miscible with materials exiting the oxidation zone.
• Fuel cell systems are used to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
• the key element in such systems is a fuel cell in which electrical energy is released by the controlled conversion of hydrogen and oxygen.
• Object of the present invention is the generic reformer, the generic fuel cell system, the generic motor vehicle and the generic
• the reformer according to the invention is based on the state of the art in that the primary fuel feed device and the secondary fuel feed device are designed to feed fuel in such a way that the fuel feed from the primary fuel feed device _, _
• the invention is based on the finding that different requirements are placed on the quality of the evaporation in the oxidation zone and the mixing zone.
• the oxidation zone it is sufficient if the fuel evaporates so well that a homogeneous combustion takes place and accordingly a homogeneous gas mixture enters the mixing zone.
• the mixing zone the requirements for evaporation are higher. There, it must be possible to achieve homogeneous evaporation, and at the same time, the fuel vapor must mix homogeneously with the gas mixture from the oxidation zone.
• the present invention solves this by the fact that the fuel supplied from the primary fuel supply device differs from the fuel supplied by the secondary fuel supply device in terms of fuel grade and / or state of aggregation and / or feed pressure and / or feed temperature.
• This has the advantage over the prior art that these parameters can be selected and adapted in such a way that optimum starting conditions are obtained for the respective evaporation in the corresponding zone.
• This has the further advantage of widening the performance modality, ie the work area, of the reformer because the reformer can be operated in an improved manner.
• a fuel of one type of fuel eg diesel
• a fuel of another type of fuel eg gasoline
• the reformer according to the invention can advantageously be further developed in that the primary fuel feed device is a low-pressure feed device with a feed pressure of at most 10 bar and the secondary fuel feed device is a high-pressure feed device with a feed pressure of more than 50 bar.
• the primary fuel feed device is a low-pressure feed device with a feed pressure of at most 10 bar
• the secondary fuel feed device is a high-pressure feed device with a feed pressure of more than 50 bar.
• the secondary fuel supply device is a high-pressure supply device with a supply pressure of 50 to 100 bar.
• the secondary fuel supply device is a high-pressure supply device with a supply pressure of 900 to 1100 bar.
• the reformer according to the invention may be further developed in that the primary fuel supply means is adapted to be connected to a first fuel tank, and the secondary fuel supply means is adapted to be connected to a separate second fuel tank. Due to the different evaporation temperatures, enthalpies and velocities of different types of fuel, supplying the oxidation zone and the mixing zone with different types of fuel makes it possible to vary the fuel grade. be selected that in the respective zone, the evaporation and the associated implementation proceeds optimally.
• the invention provides a fuel cell system and a motor vehicle with such a fuel cell system, which deliver the advantages described above in a transferred manner.
• the generic method can advantageously be further developed in that the fuel supplied to the oxidation zone differs from the fuel supplied to the mixing zone in terms of fuel grade and / or state of aggregation and / or feed pressure and / or feed temperature.
• the invention is also based on the finding that different requirements are placed on the quality of the evaporation in the oxidation zone and the mixing zone. In the oxidation zone, it is sufficient if the fuel evaporates so well that a homogeneous combustion takes place and accordingly a homogeneous gas mixture enters the mixing zone. By contrast, in the mixing zone, the requirements for evaporation are higher.
• the present invention solves this by the fact that the fuel supplied from the primary fuel supply device differs from the fuel supplied by the secondary fuel supply device with regard to fuel grade and / or aggregate state and / or feed pressure and / or feed temperature. This has the advantage over the prior art that these parameters can be selected and adapted in such a way that optimum starting conditions for the respective evaporation in the corresponding _ _
• the inventive method can be further developed in that the fuel supplied to the oxidation zone with a supply pressure of at most 10 bar and the fuel supplied to the mixing zone with a feed pressure of more than 50 bar is supplied.
• the fuel supplied to the mixing zone is supplied with a feed pressure of 50 to 100 bar.
• the fuel supplied to the mixing zone is supplied at a feed pressure of 900 to 1100 bar.
• the method according to the invention can be developed such that the fuel supplied to the oxidation zone is supplied from a first fuel tank and the fuel supplied to the mixing zone is fed from a separate second fuel tank. Due to the different vaporization temperatures, enthalpies and velocities of different types of fuel, supplying the oxidation zone and the mixing zone with different fuel types makes it possible to vary the fuel grade. _ _
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a first embodiment
• Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a reformer GE measure the first embodiment
• Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a second embodiment.
• Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a reformer according to the second embodiment.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a first exemplary embodiment.
• the fuel cell system 10 installed in a motor vehicle comprises a reformer 12, to which fuel is supplied via a first fuel line 14 from a first fuel tank 16. Furthermore, the fuel is supplied to the reformer 12 from a second fuel tank 20 by means of a second fuel train 18.
• Suitable fuel types are diesel, gasoline, biogas, natural gas and other types of fuel known from the prior art.
• the reformer 12 is oxidized via a first oxidant strand 22 , For example, air supplied.
• the reformate produced by the reformer 12 is fed to a fuel cell stack 26 via a reformate train 24.
• the reformate is a hydrogen-containing gas which is converted in the fuel cell stack 26 by means of cathode feeds conveyed via a cathode feed line 28, with the generation of electricity and heat.
• the generated power can be tapped off via electrical connections 30.
• the anode exhaust gas via an anode exhaust gas strand 32 a
• the afterburner 36 can be supplied with fuel from the first fuel tank 16 via a third fuel line 38. Further, the afterburner 36 via a second oxidant medium strand 40 oxidizing agent can be supplied.
• the combustion exhaust gas which contains virtually no pollutants, flows through a heat exchanger 46 for preheating the cathode feed air and finally leaves the fuel cell system 10.
• FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the reformer according to the first embodiment.
• the reformer 12 prescribes an oxidation zone 48, which can be supplied with fuel to a primary fuel feed device 50.
• the fuel supply device 50 is connected to the first fuel train 14, so that the primary fuel supply device 50, the fuel is supplied, which is stored in the first fuel tank 16. Furthermore, an oxidant supply device 52 connected to the first oxidant strand 22 is provided, by means of which oxidizing agent can be fed to the oxidation zone 48. Within the oxidation zone 48, conversion of fuel and oxidant takes place in a combustion or exothermic, complete oxidation reaction. The resulting hot Artsgasström then occurs downstream, ie right in Fig. 2 in a mixing zone 54 a.
• the individual zones of the reformer are diagrammatically separated from one another in FIG. 2 by dashed lines. The zones may be separated by structural features or blended into each other.
• the mixing zone 54 additional fuel is added to the resulting product gas stream by means of a secondary fuel supply device 56.
• the primary and secondary fuel supply means 50, 56 are respectively an injection nozzle and preferably a Venturi nozzle, however, the fuel may also be supplied to the oxidation zone 48 and the mixing zone 54, respectively, by means of an evaporation type fuel supply having a porous evaporation unit.
• the secondary fuel supply device 56 is connected to the second fuel strand 18, so that in the second fuel tank 20 stockpiled fuel from a different fuel type than in the first fuel tank 16, the secondary fuel feed means 56 can be fed.
• the mixing zone 54 is supplied with oxidizing agent.
• the mixed with the additional fuel gas mixture enters a reforming zone 58, where it is in an endothermic reaction in a hydrogen-rich - -
• This reformate i. hydrogen-rich gas mixture leaves the reformer 12 via the Reformatstrang 24 and is available for further use for the fuel cell stack 26.
• fuel of the same fuel grade is stored in the first fuel tank 16 and the second fuel tank 20, but differs in its aggregate state (i.e., gaseous, liquid).
• one fuel can be present in liquid form in one of the fuel tanks and fuel in the other fuel tank can be present in a gaseous state, which is achieved in that both in one
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a fuel cell system according to a second exemplary embodiment.
• the fuel cell system 10 of the second embodiment differs from the fuel cell system shown in FIG. 1 in that instead of the first and second fuel tanks 16 and 20, only a single fuel tank 60 is installed in the vehicle. This fuel tank 60 supplies the first, second and third - -
• Fuel strands 14, 18 and 38 with fuel of the same type of fuel are provided.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of a reformer according to the second exemplary embodiment.
• the reformer 12 of the second embodiment has, instead of the primary fuel supply means of Fig. 2, a primary fuel supply means 62 formed as a low pressure supply system.
• the primary fuel feeder 62 is a low-pressure injector having a single-fluid nozzle, but may be an evaporation-type fuel feeder having a porous vaporization unit such as a non-woven evaporation unit.
• the low-pressure supply system works with a feed pressure of up to 10 bar.
• the reformer 12 of the second embodiment has a secondary fuel supply device 64, which is designed as a high-pressure feed system.
• the high-pressure feed system is an injection system which is operated at 900 to 1100 bar, and can preferably with approx.
• This pressure can be realized for example with a common rail system.
• the high-pressure feed system can be operated with a feed pressure of 50 to 100 bar, which can be achieved for example by means of a pressure surge injection system.
• the primary fuel supply device 62 is designed as an injection nozzle and the secondary fuel supply device 64 is designed as an evaporation-type fuel supply device which has a porous evaporation unit, for example a fleece evaporation unit.
• the primary fuel supply 62 and the secondary fuel supply 64 are formed or operated such that the fuel supplied from the primary fuel supply 62 has a different temperature from that supplied to the corresponding zone of the reformer 12 the secondary fuel supply 64 supplied fuel.
• this different feed temperature of the fuel can also be achieved by means of a heating or cooling device in the first and / or second fuel strands 14, 18. This temperature difference may also cause the fuel to be supplied to the primary fuel supply 62 in a different state than to the secondary fuel supply 64.
• suitable delivery devices such as, for example, pumps or blowers and / or control valves for flow regulation, may be provided in the fuel strands 14, 18 and 38, in the oxidant strands 22 and 40 and in the cathode air strands 28.
• suitable delivery devices such as, for example, pumps or blowers and / or control valves for flow regulation

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=38825243

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (11)

Family Cites Families (9)

• 2006
  • 2006-07-13 DE DE102006032469A patent/DE102006032469B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2007
  • 2007-06-19 KR KR1020097000500A patent/KR20090017698A/ko not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-19 BR BRPI0714206-4A patent/BRPI0714206A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2007-06-19 EA EA200970026A patent/EA200970026A1/ru unknown
  • 2007-06-19 JP JP2009518712A patent/JP2009543303A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-06-19 US US12/305,783 patent/US20100212977A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-06-19 EP EP07764384A patent/EP2040831A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-06-19 WO PCT/DE2007/001080 patent/WO2008006331A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2007-06-19 AU AU2007272139A patent/AU2007272139A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-06-19 CA CA002657502A patent/CA2657502A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-06-19 CN CNA2007800265763A patent/CN101489664A/zh active Pending

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