EP2041513A1 - Mesure du jeu radial sur des turbines - Google Patents

Mesure du jeu radial sur des turbines

Info

Publication number
EP2041513A1
EP2041513A1 EP07787723A EP07787723A EP2041513A1 EP 2041513 A1 EP2041513 A1 EP 2041513A1 EP 07787723 A EP07787723 A EP 07787723A EP 07787723 A EP07787723 A EP 07787723A EP 2041513 A1 EP2041513 A1 EP 2041513A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radial gap
turbine
radar sensor
turbines
zero crossing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07787723A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniel Evers
Andreas Ziroff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2041513A1 publication Critical patent/EP2041513A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/50—Systems of measurement based on relative movement of target
    • G01S13/58—Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D21/00—Shutting-down of machines or engines, e.g. in emergency; Regulating, controlling, or safety means not otherwise provided for
    • F01D21/003—Arrangements for testing or measuring
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B15/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electromagnetic waves or particle radiation, e.g. by the use of microwaves, X-rays, gamma rays or electrons
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/14—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring distance or clearance between spaced objects or spaced apertures
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/80—Diagnostics

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the inspection of the radial gap in turbines, the fine between the outer ends of the Turbmenschau- and the housing is present.
  • the radar sensor is now widely used in process automation and monitoring. With radar technology, the speed, position and presence of a microwave reflecting material can be measured directly.
  • Em associated disadvantage is the use of a underworfe wear ⁇ NEN component and the inherent need to employ mechanical elements.
  • Em fundamentally different measurement principle based on a capaci ⁇ tive proximity sensor which eliminates some of the disadvantages of the aforementioned systems. For measuring errors occur, which also depend on the blade geometry. In addition, the possible measurement accuracy is very limited.
  • the object underlying the invention is to provide a ⁇ be possible rhackungsloses test method for measuring the radial gap on turbines which avoids disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the solution of this object is achieved by the combination of features according to claim 1.
  • Prior ⁇ some embodiments may be the subclaims entnom ⁇ men.
  • the invention first uses a microwave-based measurement method for determining the radial gap.
  • a Doppler method is used for the evaluation. Which depends on the radial gap instantaneous relative speed al ⁇ so the speed between, for example, a Schau- enemies relative to the radar sensor is evaluated at various stages of passing or the passage of the turbine blade at the radar sensor, which is stationary located in the turbine wall.
  • the evaluation of the characteristic ristic time-dependent value of the instantaneous speed This history is recorded several times over time, and evaluated with the corresponding radar sensor being ⁇ sent to scattering centers, such as the extreme end of a turbine blade, the reflected radar microwaves ⁇ rays on the sensor receives and these are BEYOND alsower ⁇ tet. Because of these speeds of relative velocity evaluated at different moments, it is possible to determine the position of a single target at a particular time.
  • FIG. 1 shows the time profile of the Doppler shift in turbines
  • FIG. 2 shows a section through a turbine with an indicated turbine housing and the approximate relative positions between the radial gap and the radar sensor
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 each show the relative speeds in FIG.
  • the present invention uses a microwave measurement, a Doppler method and combines the resulting In ⁇ formationen to determine the radial gap on a turbine.
  • the dependent on the radial gap torque In ⁇ speed at various stages of passing of the turbine blade to the turbine mounted in the wall of the sensor is evaluated. It is essential that the evaluation of characteristic time-dependent relative velocities in the range around the passage of a turbine blade at the sensor repeatedly been taken ⁇ is.
  • the radar sensor transmits microwaves and receives reflected waves at scattering centers. Due to rela ⁇ tive speed gradients, it is possible to distinguish several goals from each other. As the main method ⁇ example, however, the determination of the position of a single target is valid at a particular time, for example, the position of the outermost end of a turbine blade relative to the transmitter.
  • Figure 1 shows the time course of a Doppler shift ⁇ environment for turbines. With increasing or larger radial gap shift the corresponding vibrations shown according to the arrows from left to right.
  • the depicting ⁇ development shows an evaluation of Doppler effects and it is ei ⁇ ne strong dependence of the radial gap to detect.
  • a measurement accuracy of 9.2 mm, for example, is feasible.
  • a microwave measurement can be carried out, for example, with a sensor which preferably operates at 77 GHz.
  • An essential determinant for the accuracy of a Dopp ⁇ Lersensors or a sensor that is evaluated by a Doppler method is the operating frequency.
  • a radar sensor to be used for the radial gap measurement according to the invention emits a microwave signal which, of course, "illuminates" a detection volume, which as a rule is predetermined.
  • ⁇ provides, you will need an extremely wide beam antenna to sen a sufficiently large section of the path of an extreme end of a turbine blade to erfas-. Parts of the radar signal are reflected at one of these targets re ⁇ and are recorded again by the sensor. Here then sensor and received signal are mixed together. The mixed signal encoding the relative Phasenver ⁇ shift between the transmitted and received signal. This phase difference depends on the transit time of the signal from the sensor to the target and back again.
  • the sensor and the received signal for example, in phase, a usual place ⁇ cher mixer provides a relatively large amplitude of the mixing Signal.
  • the mixer provides a relative minimum of the output amplitude.
  • FIG. 2 shows the conditions in a turbine.
  • the current in a turbine housing 4 turbine blades rotate according to the arrow shown in the figure in Time ⁇ gerraum.
  • a radar sensor 2 is installed in the housing wall in a through hole. The object is to measure a radial gap 3 at the point at which the sensor 2 is built in ⁇ . In this case only the outermost ends of a turbine blade 1 as a target to be examined and measured out ⁇ substantially.
  • the sensor 2 is radial, that is aligned with the center of the turbine, but does not terminate with the inner surface of the housing 4. Rather, the measuring window 6 is tightly closed by a closure that does not hinder microwave propagation.
  • This can advantageously be a polytetrafluoroethylene or a ceramic j ⁇ ULTRASONIC material.
  • the sensor itself is relatively wide abstrah- lend on or is associated with an antenna having a broad Abstrahlcha ⁇ rakteriding.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively show the course of the Doppierverschiebung and the relative speed for different radial gap sizes. This changes during the passage of a turbine blade tip, for example from plus to minus. If the speed at the zero crossing changes its sign very abruptly, there is a smaller radial gap size. This is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the likewise schematic representation according to FIG. 4 likewise shows the Doppler shift 5 in the same time window, but with larger radial gaps the zero gear of this Doppierverschiebung or the relative speed with a much flatter slope happens.
  • Advantages of the invention are based primarily on the non-contact measurement of the radial gap with high accuracy.
  • for additional measuring ⁇ sizes using this technique capture subjects that are important for example for the Maschinendia ⁇ Gnosticism.
  • a major advantage of the method consists in particular in the detection of targets in absolute close range that alone can not be performed with Doppler-based procedural ⁇ ren.
  • a significant advantage of a method described lies in the fact that in addition to the turbine blades with the smallest radial gap and turbine blades with a larger radial gap can be measured and thus are even detectable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne la mesure du jeu radial sur des turbines au moyen d'un procédé de mesure par micro-ondes et d'une évaluation de l'effet Doppler qui varie avec la taille du jeu radial. Selon l'invention, on loge dans la paroi d'un carter de turbine (4) au moins un capteur radar (2) réalisé sous forme d'unité émettrice et réceptrice et orienté radialement par rapport au centre de la turbine. La vitesse relative, qui dépend de la taille du jeu radial (3), de l'extrémité externe (1) d'une aube de turbine par rapport au capteur radar (2) est évaluée plusieurs fois lors du passage de l'aube devant ce capteur, l'allure de la courbe de la vitesse relative dans le temps au niveau du passage par zéro, obtenue grâce au rapport entre la valeur absolue de la vitesse relative et la pente de cette dernière au passage par zéro, constituant une mesure du jeu radial.
EP07787723A 2006-07-19 2007-07-19 Mesure du jeu radial sur des turbines Withdrawn EP2041513A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006033461A DE102006033461A1 (de) 2006-07-19 2006-07-19 Radialspaltmessung an Turbinen
PCT/EP2007/057465 WO2008009717A1 (fr) 2006-07-19 2007-07-19 Mesure du jeu radial sur des turbines

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2041513A1 true EP2041513A1 (fr) 2009-04-01

Family

ID=38654773

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07787723A Withdrawn EP2041513A1 (fr) 2006-07-19 2007-07-19 Mesure du jeu radial sur des turbines

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US7889119B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2041513A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102006033461A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008009717A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7889119B2 (en) 2011-02-15
DE102006033461A1 (de) 2008-01-31
US20090289832A1 (en) 2009-11-26
WO2008009717A1 (fr) 2008-01-24

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