EP2687830B1 - Procédé de surveillance de l'état d'un appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage fonctionnant selon le principe du radar et appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage correspondant - Google Patents

Procédé de surveillance de l'état d'un appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage fonctionnant selon le principe du radar et appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage correspondant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2687830B1
EP2687830B1 EP13002524.0A EP13002524A EP2687830B1 EP 2687830 B1 EP2687830 B1 EP 2687830B1 EP 13002524 A EP13002524 A EP 13002524A EP 2687830 B1 EP2687830 B1 EP 2687830B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring device
level measuring
wall section
fill level
antenna
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13002524.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2687830A2 (fr
EP2687830A3 (fr
Inventor
Vincent Pichot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krohne SAS
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Krohne SAS
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2687830A2 publication Critical patent/EP2687830A2/fr
Publication of EP2687830A3 publication Critical patent/EP2687830A3/fr
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/284—Electromagnetic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/80—Arrangements for signal processing
    • G01F23/802—Particular electronic circuits for digital processing equipment
    • G01F23/804—Particular electronic circuits for digital processing equipment containing circuits handling parameters other than liquid level
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fill level measuring device working according to the radar principle, with at least one transmitter/receiver unit for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic signals, and with at least one antenna for conducting, radiating and receiving the electromagnetic signals, the antenna having at least one interior space, and wherein the antenna is characterized by a transmission characteristic with regard to the transmission of electromagnetic signals, the interior space being the interior space within the antenna of the level measuring device between a first seal facing the medium and a second seal which, for example, protects the environment, electronic components or facing a remote control point.
  • radar level gauges are often used to determine the level of media such as liquids, bulk materials or sludge within containers such as tanks or silos.
  • the running time method implemented by the measuring devices is based on the physical law that the running distance z.
  • an electromagnetic signal is equal to the product of transit time and propagation speed.
  • the distance traveled corresponds to twice the distance between an antenna radiating and receiving the electromagnetic signal and the surface of the medium.
  • the useful echo signal - i.e. the signal reflected on the surface of the medium - and its transit time are determined using the so-called echo function or the digitized envelope.
  • the Envelope represents the amplitudes of the echo signals as a function of the distance "antenna - surface of the medium".
  • the level can be calculated from the difference between the known distance of the antenna to the bottom of the container and the distance from the surface of the medium to the antenna determined by the measurement.
  • the electromagnetic signals sent and received are mostly microwave radiation.
  • Dielectric resonators are often used as antennas. Such dielectric antennas have a similar resonance behavior as waveguides, but since they do not have metal walls, they can radiate electromagnetic energy and thus function as antennas.
  • a dielectric material e.g. B. a ceramic
  • the guidance and radiation of the electromagnetic waves is used.
  • low-loss materials with low permittivity are used.
  • Teflon or polypropylene are used.
  • the microwave signals are guided along a cable or a rod.
  • Measuring devices are usually sealed against the process or against the medium whose level is to be measured. Depending on the application, additional encapsulation of the measuring device may be necessary in relation to a remote control point or in relation to an electronics unit that is separate from the process. Such a second seal or encapsulation is particularly important if, for example, aggressive, environmentally harmful or explosive media are involved or if high pressures or high temperatures are present in the processes.
  • Horn antennas for filling level measuring devices working according to the radar principle which are provided with a protection and thus close the opening of the antenna, can be found in the published application, for example U.S. 2003/0151560 A1 .
  • a known method of checking whether the seal facing the medium is tight is to create an opening between the two seals, e.g.
  • the pamphlet U.S. 7,586,435 B1 relates to a radar system for level measurement with periodically arranged impedance transitions on the waveguide so that the transmitted signal is reflected at each impedance transition.
  • the waveguide can be designed, for example, as a coaxial probe with spacers.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a filling level measuring device that works according to the radar principle, the monitoring of the seal facing the medium being simpler than in the prior art.
  • the stated task is initially and essentially achieved in that the electromagnetic signals are at least partially radiated or conducted in the direction of a wall section of the interior of the antenna, in that the received electromagnetic signals are evaluated with regard to the transmission characteristics of the antenna , and that the result of the evaluation is compared with at least one stored comparison value.
  • the interior space is in particular the interior space within the antenna of the filling level measuring device between the first seal facing the medium and the second seal facing, for example, the environment, electronic components, or a remote control point. If the medium penetrates into the interior, in particular as a result of a leak in the first seal, the transmission characteristic of the antenna changes if the medium, a medium within the interior and the nature of the wall section are matched appropriately.
  • the latter is determined in particular by the electromagnetic signals being emitted or guided or directed as an excitation signal in the direction of the specified wall section.
  • the direction of emission or conduction is permanently directed towards the wall section, ie the wall section lies in the direction in which the electromagnetic signals are also sent or guided for normal measurements of the filling level.
  • the signals are only temporarily conducted or radiated in the direction of the wall section for monitoring the seal.
  • the wall section is part of the first seal in the direction of the process medium. In this embodiment, use is made of the fact that the wall section results in a special characteristic in the received electromagnetic signals, for example, and that this characteristic is absent or changes significantly when the seal is damaged.
  • the change in the characteristic can be due to the fact that the wall section itself is damaged and/or its position or orientation has changed.
  • modifications result from the fact that a foreign medium from the process enters the interior or that the medium that is in the interior escapes from it through a rupture of the seal.
  • the interior is filled with, in particular, dry air as the medium.
  • the interior is evacuated.
  • the invention is distinguished overall by a simple and therefore also cost-effective design.
  • at least one comparison value is stored for monitoring during an initialization measurement.
  • At least one wall section of the interior of a filling level measuring device mentioned at the outset that works according to the radar principle consists at least partially of a ceramic, in particular one that has a low permittivity.
  • the level gauge is particular for implementation of the method described above. Alternatively, however, other methods can also be used, or it is even possible for a second seal to be dispensed with entirely.
  • a ceramic has the advantage that it can be used in many different ways, e.g. B. aggressive media and process conditions such. B. can be exposed to high temperatures.
  • the wall section is in particular at least partially designed in such a way that it is at least partially electrically conductive. In one embodiment, at least one electrical conductor, e.g. B. arranged from a metal.
  • the wall section consists at least partially of a composite material and, according to the invention, at least partially of a ceramic material bound in a metallic matrix.
  • the latter composite material is a cermet (composed of the English terms ceramic and metal), which is characterized in particular by high hardness and wear resistance. Cermets are generally considered to be non-conductors.
  • the ceramic components are, for example, aluminum oxide or zirconium dioxide, the metallic component possibly being niobium, molybdenum, titanium, cobalt, zirconium or chromium.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment consists in that a second seal is arranged opposite the wall section, that at least one electrical conductor is routed through the interior space, and that the interior space has an electrically conductive wall—in particular coaxially—around the electrical conductor.
  • the interior is evacuated and, in an alternative variant, is filled with dry air.
  • the interior is filled with a medium that acts as a dielectric in the design.
  • the second seal is designed essentially like the wall section, ie it consists in particular of ceramic.
  • the electrically conductive wall is formed, for example, by a metal wall or a wall coated with a metal.
  • the dielectric constant also changes, as a result of which the electromagnetic waves with a - compared to the fault-free state with undamaged seal - propagate at a different speed, or as a result of which the transmission characteristics of the antenna as a whole change. If, in the normal case, the dielectric conductivity of the medium in the interior is essentially equal to one, the propagation speed slows down with the square root of the dielectric conductivity of the medium or mixture of mediums that occurs when the seal in the interior is broken. In this configuration, the interior of the antenna serves in particular to transmit the electromagnetic signals.
  • This configuration can also be described in such a way that behind the first seal and thus behind the ceramic wall section (in an alternative variant, the wall section consists of a material different from ceramic) there is a space in which the electromagnetic waves propagate and the closed with a second seal. Since the interior acts as a dielectric and since the interior is connected to the process space via a defective seal in the area of the wall section and the relative permittivity of the dielectric changes as a result, a break in the seal leads to a different transmission characteristic, which is an indicator of the condition of the seal can be used.
  • the wall section is flat on two sides. These are in particular the opposite sides that face the medium or the interior.
  • the wall section is surrounded by a metal layer or a metal ring. If the wall section is connected to titanium, for example, then the wall section as a whole can also be welded to stainless steel, for example. By contacting the wall section with a flange or with a part of a container or a pipe, etc., the interior of the antenna can also be partially formed by these additional elements.
  • a metal layer also allows electrical contact to be made with the electrically conductive wall, which in one configuration also consists at least partially of a metal.
  • an electrical conductor for conducting electromagnetic signals is passed through the wall section and fastened, for example, via metal pins.
  • a correspondingly designed control unit is provided for the execution of the method for status monitoring described above.
  • the control unit is designed to evaluate the received electromagnetic signals with regard to the transmission characteristics of the antenna.
  • at least one storage unit is provided for storing at least one comparison value.
  • the comparison value is preferably determined during the initialization phase indicated above.
  • Electromagnetic signals are generated by the transmitter/receiver unit 2 and received again, in particular after reflection on the surface of the medium (not shown here) whose fill level is to be determined. These are, in particular, microwave signals.
  • An antenna 3, which is used in the illustrated variant, serves to conduct, radiate and receive the signals is designed as a horn antenna and which has an interior space 4 in its expansion here, which is bounded by a wall section 5 in the direction of the medium (not shown here).
  • the wall section 5 consists in particular of a so-called cermet, ie a composite material on a ceramic and a metal.
  • the wall section 5 which is circular in this case, is surrounded by a metal ring 6 which serves to connect to the antenna 3 .
  • the control unit 7 is used to control the transmitter/receiver unit 2 and, for example, also evaluates the received signals with regard to the transmission characteristics of the antenna 3 .
  • the memory unit 8 may also be accessed, in which at least one comparison value for assessing the transmission characteristic is stored. If a liquid, a gas, dust or the like penetrates into the interior 4 from the process, the transmission characteristics of the antenna 3 change, which becomes clear and identifiable during the evaluation.
  • the 2 another type of antenna 3 is shown.
  • This is a fill level measuring device 1 with a microwave signal carried on a probe 10 .
  • the signal does not propagate freely in space, e.g. B. in the container in which the medium is located, but it is guided along the probe 10.
  • the interior space 4 of the antenna 3 which serves in particular to conduct the electromagnetic signals, lies behind the process closure, which is formed by the wall section 5 in the flange 11 .
  • the electromagnetic signals are conducted in this interior space 4, starting from the transmitter/receiver unit 2, via the electrical conductor 12, which in one variant is fastened via two pins in the wall section 5 made of cermet.
  • the wall section 5 made of cermet is opposite a second seal 9, which in the embodiment shown also consists of a cermet.
  • the interior space 4 is enclosed laterally and thereby coaxially by an electrically conductive wall 13 which is formed, for example, from a metal.
  • the electromagnetic waves can propagate in this special interior space 4, which is filled with dry air in the example shown, so that the dielectric of the interior space 4 normally has a relative permittivity of 1.
  • the control unit 7 and the memory unit 8 are as in the variant of 1 designed and take on the same tasks.
  • Links from the arrangement of the 2 two signal curves are shown schematically as a function of time t.
  • the inner signal curve is obtained when the first seal, which is provided by the wall section 5, is in order, ie is undamaged.
  • the upper signal is the excitation signal as a zero mark.
  • the next signal at the level of the end of the wall section 5 results from the transition of the electromagnetic wave from the interior 4 into the process space into which the probe 10 protrudes.
  • the impedance of the wall section 5 and the second seal 9 is equal to the impedance of the dielectric in the interior 4--at least for the purposes of consideration. If the seal is defective, the medium to be monitored enters the interior 4 from the process space, for example.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Levels Of Liquids Or Fluent Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Appareil de mesure de niveau de remplissage (1) fonctionnant selon le principe du radar, comprenant au moins une unité d'émission/réception (2) pour émettre et recevoir des signaux électromagnétiques, et au moins une antenne (3) pour acheminer, rayonner et recevoir les signaux électromagnétiques, l'antenne (3) présentant au moins un espace intérieur (4), et l'antenne (3) étant caractérisée en termes de transmission de signaux électromagnétiques par une caractéristique de transmission, l'espace intérieur (4) étant l'espace intérieur (4) à l'intérieur de l'antenne (3) de l'appareil de mesure de niveau de remplissage (1) entre un premier joint d'étanchéité tourné vers le milieu et un deuxième joint d'étanchéité (9) qui est tourné par exemple vers l'environnement, vers des composants électroniques ou vers un point de contrôle distant,
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une section de paroi (5) de l'espace intérieur (4) est composée au moins partiellement d'une céramique, présentant en particulier une faible permittivité, en ce que la section de paroi (5) fait partie du premier joint d'étanchéité en direction du milieu de processus, et en ce que la section de paroi (5) est composée au moins partiellement d'un matériau composite, et en ce que la section de paroi (5) est composée au moins partiellement d'un matériau céramique incorporé dans une matrice métallique.
  2. Appareil de mesure de niveau de remplissage (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième joint d'étanchéité (9) est disposé à l'opposé de la section de paroi (5), en ce qu'au moins un conducteur électrique (12) est acheminé à travers l'espace intérieur (4), et en ce que l'espace intérieur (4) présente autour du conducteur électrique (12) - en particulier de manière coaxiale - une paroi (13) électriquement conductrice.
  3. Appareil de mesure de niveau de remplissage (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, caractérisé en ce que la section de paroi (5) est entourée d'une couche de métal ou d'un anneau de métal (6) .
EP13002524.0A 2012-07-19 2013-05-14 Procédé de surveillance de l'état d'un appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage fonctionnant selon le principe du radar et appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage correspondant Active EP2687830B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012014267.6A DE102012014267B4 (de) 2012-07-19 2012-07-19 Nach dem Radar-Prinzip arbeitendes Füllstandmessgerät

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2687830A2 EP2687830A2 (fr) 2014-01-22
EP2687830A3 EP2687830A3 (fr) 2018-01-03
EP2687830B1 true EP2687830B1 (fr) 2022-10-12

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EP13002524.0A Active EP2687830B1 (fr) 2012-07-19 2013-05-14 Procédé de surveillance de l'état d'un appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage fonctionnant selon le principe du radar et appareil de mesure du niveau de remplissage correspondant

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US9035823B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2687830B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN103575361B (fr)
DE (1) DE102012014267B4 (fr)

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US9304029B2 (en) * 2014-03-31 2016-04-05 Rosemount Tank Radar Ab Level gauging system for long narrow nozzles
EP3029433A1 (fr) * 2014-12-01 2016-06-08 Honeywell International Inc. Signal de diagnostic pour avertir d'une défaillance d'étanchéité primaire dans un émetteur de niveau
DE102015100414A1 (de) * 2015-01-13 2016-07-14 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung des Füllstands eines Mediums in einem Behälter
DE102015116273B4 (de) 2015-09-25 2017-04-20 Krohne S. A. S. Sondenhalterung mit Abstandhalter
US10209118B2 (en) * 2016-01-21 2019-02-19 Rosemount Tank Radar Ab Radar level gauge system and method with signal propagation path modeling
DE102016108665B4 (de) 2016-05-11 2020-09-17 Krohne S. A. S. Verfahren zur Überwachung eines nach dem Radarprinzip arbeitenden Füllstandmessgeräts und Füllstandmessgerät
CN108444568A (zh) * 2018-02-02 2018-08-24 广州和正盛信息科技有限公司 一种测量水位的方法、装置、系统及计算机设备
DE102018132285A1 (de) 2018-12-14 2020-06-18 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Füllstandsmessgerät
DE102024124753B4 (de) 2024-08-29 2026-03-12 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Zustandsüberwachung eines durch Laufzeitbestimmung elektromagnetischer Wellen arbeitenden Abstandssensors

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012014267A1 (de) 2014-01-23
CN103575361B (zh) 2019-08-06
US9035823B2 (en) 2015-05-19
US20140022112A1 (en) 2014-01-23
DE102012014267B4 (de) 2020-12-24
EP2687830A2 (fr) 2014-01-22
CN103575361A (zh) 2014-02-12
EP2687830A3 (fr) 2018-01-03

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