EP2049703A1 - Einstufiges verfahren zur aufbringung einer metallschicht auf ein substrat - Google Patents
Einstufiges verfahren zur aufbringung einer metallschicht auf ein substratInfo
- Publication number
- EP2049703A1 EP2049703A1 EP07787205A EP07787205A EP2049703A1 EP 2049703 A1 EP2049703 A1 EP 2049703A1 EP 07787205 A EP07787205 A EP 07787205A EP 07787205 A EP07787205 A EP 07787205A EP 2049703 A1 EP2049703 A1 EP 2049703A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- substrate
- group
- containing precursor
- precursor compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 269
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 267
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 125
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 106
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 96
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 63
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000002524 organometallic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002230 thermal chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229960004592 isopropanol Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000995 aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003333 secondary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003509 tertiary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M (z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O POILWHVDKZOXJZ-ARJAWSKDSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004703 alkoxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012990 dithiocarbamate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004659 dithiocarbamates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002485 formyl group Chemical class [H]C(*)=O 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 44
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 25
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 22
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cu2+ Chemical compound [Cu+2] JPVYNHNXODAKFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- -1 aromatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 5
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L nickel(2+);(z)-4-oxopent-2-en-2-olate Chemical compound [Ni+2].C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O.C\C([O-])=C\C(C)=O BMGNSKKZFQMGDH-FDGPNNRMSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical group [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005595 acetylacetonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000000231 atomic layer deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N copper;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Cu].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O ZKXWKVVCCTZOLD-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002389 environmental scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Substances [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009991 scouring Methods 0.000 description 3
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical class [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052713 technetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229940007392 tylan Drugs 0.000 description 3
- WBPYTXDJUQJLPQ-VMXQISHHSA-N tylosin Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](C)O[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1N(C)C)O)O[C@@H]1[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)CC(=O)O[C@@H]([C@H](/C=C(\C)/C=C/C(=O)[C@H](C)C[C@@H]1CC=O)CO[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H](OC)[C@H](O)[C@@H](C)O1)OC)CC)[C@H]1C[C@@](C)(O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O1 WBPYTXDJUQJLPQ-VMXQISHHSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000019375 tylosin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropanamine Chemical compound CC(C)CN KDSNLYIMUZNERS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrazine Chemical compound NN OAKJQQAXSVQMHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel(2+) Chemical compound [Ni+2] VEQPNABPJHWNSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N chelidonic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC(=O)C=C(C(O)=O)O1 PBAYDYUZOSNJGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FCEOGYWNOSBEPV-FDGPNNRMSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FCEOGYWNOSBEPV-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013110 organic ligand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005268 plasma chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N (1z,3z)-cycloocta-1,3-diene Chemical compound C1CC\C=C/C=C\C1 RRKODOZNUZCUBN-CCAGOZQPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000006527 (C1-C5) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- LFKXWKGYHQXRQA-FDGPNNRMSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;iron Chemical compound [Fe].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O LFKXWKGYHQXRQA-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910017937 Ag-Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017984 Ag—Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020630 Co Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002440 Co–Ni Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910016523 CuKa Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017061 Fe Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018054 Ni-Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003271 Ni-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018481 Ni—Cu Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001649 bromium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(2+) Chemical compound [Co+2] XLJKHNWPARRRJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N cobalt;(z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one Chemical compound [Co].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O FJDJVBXSSLDNJB-LNTINUHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000058 cyclopentadienyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC1)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004985 dialkyl amino alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005265 dialkylamine group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001654 germ layer Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000006747 infectious mononucleosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004694 iodide salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001182 laser chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002488 metal-organic chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005693 optoelectronics Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/06—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material
- C23C16/18—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of metallic material from metallo-organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/06—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals
- C03C17/09—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with metals by deposition from the vapour phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/44—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating
- C23C16/448—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the method of coating characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials
Definitions
- CVD Gas phase chemical vapor deposition
- ALD atomic layer deposition
- CVD processes are understood as meaning coating processes for producing thin layers, in particular of metal or metal oxide, on substrates in which the coating material is converted into the gas phase, for example by chemical methods, in order subsequently to be deposited on a substrate.
- the metals to be deposited or the metallic components of the layer material are used in the form of a "precursor compound” or “precursor”. This precursor compound reacts to supply energy to the Substratoberfiumblee to form, for example, a metal or metal oxide layer.
- a "precursor compound” or “precursor” is understood to mean compounds which are preferably vaporisable and contain the material-constituent chemical constituents of the layer to be formed and thus serve as transport means for the metallic components of the layer material.
- precursor compounds are organometallic and organometallic compounds.
- Organometallic compounds are usually very toxic and extremely sensitive to oxygen or air and moisture, while organometallic compounds such as diketonates are more stable, but require the addition of reducing agents such as hydrogen for the deposition of metal layers.
- reducing agent hydrogen is usually used when it is desired to deposit in a reducing atmosphere. Hydrogen is known to be easily flammable and requires a correspondingly high security effort.
- reactant is to be understood as meaning a starting material for a chemical reaction with the metal-containing precursor compound.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to apply metal layers, in particular from organometallic precursor compounds which are dissolved in a preferably organic solvent, in a one-step process, the metal being released from the metal-containing precursor compound by means of the organic reactant.
- metal layers in particular from organometallic precursor compounds which are dissolved in a preferably organic solvent, in a one-step process, the metal being released from the metal-containing precursor compound by means of the organic reactant.
- no inorganic reducing agents such as hydrogen must be used.
- a great advantage of the method according to the invention can be provided by the fact that the method according to the invention makes it possible to deposit metal layers on metal oxide substrates, which are slightly reduced, for example by strongly reducing reagents such as hydrogen.
- This provides a particular advantage of the method according to the invention which is suitable for coating sensitive substrates such as metal oxides with metal layers.
- Deposition of metal layers by conventional methods provides for reduction with hydrogen, which would also reduce a metal oxide substrate to be coated.
- the process according to the invention which preferably uses mild or clearer milder reactants and / or reducing agents than hydrogen, allows sensitive substrates such as metal oxide substrates to be coated with metal layers.
- the organic reactant and the metal-containing precursor compound form a mixture, more preferably the metal-containing precursor compound is dissolved in the organic reactant.
- Suitable organic reactants have at least one function of an organic compound selected from the group consisting of alcohol (s), aldehyde (s), amine (s), ether and / or thiol (s), preferably a functional group selected from the group comprising OH , NH 2 , NH, and / or SH groups.
- the organic reactant may also have several identical and / or several different functions, for example in the case of polyols or ethanolamine.
- Method is the organic reactant selected from the group comprising alcohol (s), aldehyde (s), amine (s), ethers, thiol (s) and / or mixtures thereof.
- alcohol (s) are particularly preferred.
- the alcohol is selected from the group comprising alcohols having an organic radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably R is Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl. Preference is given to using short-chain aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R is preferably C 1 -C 5 -alkyl.
- Particularly preferred alcohols are volatilizable alcohols.
- Preferred alcohols are selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, phenol and / or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred alcohols are selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and / or isopropanol.
- alcohols selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and / or iso-propanol are that they have in particular suitable dissolution properties for metal-containing precursor compounds, in particular organometallic precursor compounds.
- Particularly preferably usable alcohols are methanol and ethanol, in particular ethanol.
- Deposited metal layers are preferably not or only to a very small extent contaminated, for example, with oxygen or carbon, metal oxide, or metal carbide or similar by-products, often caused by organic solvents and / or ligands of the organometallic precursor compounds.
- metal layers can be deposited freely or almost free of impurities.
- the solvent is preferably an organic solvent.
- Suitable solvents are, for example, selected from the group comprising alcohol (s), aldehyde (s), amine (s), ether and / or thiol (s), preferably alcohols selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, phenol and / or mixtures thereof.
- Particularly preferred alcohols are selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and / or iso-propanol.
- the solvent may be the same or different from the organic reactant.
- the metal-containing precursor compound is dissolved in the organic reactant. This is particularly advantageous in the use of metal-containing precursor compounds with low volatilization. It is particularly preferable that the organic reactant is usable as an organic solvent for the metal-containing precursor compound.
- a metal is deposited from a metal-containing precursor compound from a gaseous phase on the substrate, dissolving the metal-containing precursor compound in an organic reactant, converting this mixture to the gaseous phase, releasing the metal from the metal-containing precursor compound by means of the organic reactant with the released metal being deposited on the substrate.
- the organic reactant is an organic reducing agent.
- an "organic reducing agent” is to be understood as meaning organic compounds, in particular organic reactants, whose reaction with the metal center of the metal-containing precursor compound can induce a reduction of the metal.
- the process is a one-step process for depositing at least one metal layer on a substrate by a gas phase chemical vapor deposition process, coating a substrate with a metal layer by forming a metal from a metal containing precursor compound Depositing gas phase on the substrate, dissolving the metal-containing precursor compound in an organic reducing agent, converting this mixture into the gaseous phase, releasing the metal from the metal-containing precursor compound by means of the organic reducing agent, thereby depositing the released metal onto the substrate.
- dissolving in the context of the present invention means that the metal-containing precursor compound is dissolved, emulsified or suspended.
- the organic reducing agent is preferably a liquid.
- liquid in the context of the present invention means that the organic reducing agent in a temperature range of 10 0 C to 100 0 C, preferably at room temperature, ie in a temperature range of 18 ° C to 25 0 C, liquid. It can also be provided that the organic reducing agent is verfiüssigbar.
- the organic reducing agent is an organic liquid.
- the organic reducing agent may advantageously act as a reducing agent and as a solvent.
- the solvent is an organic reducing liquid.
- a useful solvent is a solvent.
- no further reducing agents are used.
- no inorganic reducing agents are used.
- the process according to the invention makes it possible to apply metal layers, in particular from organometallic precursor compounds which are dissolved in an organic reducing agent, preferably an organic reducing liquid, in a one-step process, in which only organic compounds are used Reducing agent can be used.
- an organic reducing agent preferably an organic reducing liquid
- Reducing agent can be used.
- no inorganic reducing agents such as hydrogen are used.
- a great advantage of the method according to the invention can be provided by the fact that the method according to the invention makes it possible to deposit metal layers on metal oxide substrates, which are slightly reduced, for example by strongly reducing reagents such as hydrogen.
- This provides a particular advantage of the method according to the invention which is suitable for coating sensitive oxidic substrates such as metal oxides with metal layers.
- Deposition of metal layers by conventional methods provides for reduction with hydrogen, which would also reduce a metal oxide substrate to be coated.
- the process according to the invention which preferably uses mild or clearer milder reducing agents than hydrogen, allows sensitive substrates such as metal oxide substrates to be coated with metal layers.
- deposition without incubation time can advantageously be provided. It is of very particular advantage that the deposition of metal layers according to the method of the invention can proceed without incubation time and, for example, enables the deposition of very thin metal layers. Further advantages of the deposition of metal layers according to the method according to the invention are that, without incubation time, it is possible to deposit layers with significantly improved smoothness. In particular, the deposited layers may have a lower roughness.
- the usable organic reducing agent is a liquid organic solvent.
- the liquid organic solvent preferably has at least one function of an organic compound selected from the group comprising alcohol (s), aldehyde (s), amine (s), ether and / or thiol (s), preferably a functional group selected from the group comprising OH, NH 2 , NH, and / or SH groups.
- the organic reducing agent or the reducing liquid may also have a plurality of identical and / or a plurality of different functions, for example in the case of polyols or ethanolamine.
- the organic reducing agent is selected from the group comprising alcohol (s), aldehyde (s), amine (s), ether, thiol (s) and / or mixtures thereof.
- alcohol (s) are particularly preferred.
- An advantage of using organic reducing agents selected from the group consisting of alcohol (s), aldehyde (s), amine (s), ethers, thiol (s) and / or mixtures thereof is that they can provide suitable reduction properties.
- a particular advantage of using organic reducing agents is that their reaction with the metal center of the metal-containing precursor compound can induce reduction of the metal.
- Particularly suitable organic reducing agents with suitable reducing properties are alcohols.
- An advantage of the use of alcohols is, in particular, that alcohols can be handled easily and without increased safety precautions.
- Suitable alcohols may be selected from the group comprising primary, secondary and / or tertiary alcohols.
- Suitable alcohols preferably have the formula R-OH, wherein R is a suitable organic radical from the group alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl and Aralkyl, preferably R is Ci-Cio-alkyl. It is possible to use in particular alcohols which are liquid at room temperature and have an organic radical having up to 10 carbon atoms. Also suitable are aromatic alcohols.
- the alcohol is selected from the group comprising alcohols having an organic radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably R is Ci-C ⁇ -alkyl. Preference is given to using short-chain aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preference being given to R C1-C5-alkyl. Particularly preferred alcohols are volatilizable alcohols.
- Preferred alcohols are selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, tert-butanol, phenol and / or mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred alcohols are selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and / or iso-propanol.
- alcohols selected from the group comprising methanol, ethanol, n-propanol and / or iso-propanol are that they have in particular suitable dissolution properties for metal-containing precursor compounds, in particular organometallic precursor compounds.
- Particularly preferably used alcohols are methanol and ethanol, in particular ethanol, which can provide particularly advantageous properties in terms of a combination of Lisseeigenschaft, reduction effect and handling and costs.
- a major advantage of using alcohols, especially ethanol or methanol as a reducing agent, is that they are easy to handle and do not require increased safety precautions such as the highly flammable and explosive gas hydrogen.
- especially ethanol or methanol are particularly inexpensive.
- Another significant advantage of using alcohols, especially ethanol or methanol is that they are almost completely recoverable, for example, by evaporating the alcohol after it has been evaporated a cold trap can be condensed and can be available for reuse.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is therefore likewise that the method is more environmentally friendly in comparison with known methods.
- a surprising advantage in the use of alcohols as solvents, in particular for organometallic precursor compounds and at the same time as the sole reducing agent in the deposition of the metal layers by means of chemical vapor deposition is that pure metal can be deposited.
- Deposited metal layers are preferably not or only to a very small extent contaminated, for example, with oxygen or carbon, metal oxide, or metal carbide or similar by-products, often caused by organic solvents and / or ligands of the organometallic precursor compounds.
- metal layers can be deposited freely or almost free of impurities.
- deposited metal layers had a conductivity which hardly deviated from that of the pure metals.
- a deviation was only in the range of 0.1 ⁇ cm to 3 ⁇ cm compared to that of the pure metals.
- nitrogen compounds in particular with functional NH 2 and / or NH groups, for example primary and secondary amines, aromatic amines, or hydrazine (N 2 H 4 ).
- Preferred amines are selected from the group comprising diethylamine, n-propylamine, iso-propylamine, n-butylamine, tert-butylamine and / or isobutylamine.
- a substrate to be coated can be placed in a coating chamber or reactor.
- precursor compounds are preferably passed over the substrate by means of a carrier gas.
- Precursor compounds or precursors which are suitable according to the invention are metal-containing compounds, preferably organometallic compounds.
- Suitable are solid, gaseous and / or liquid metal-containing precursor compounds and / or colloidal-disperse solutions.
- Preferred metal-containing precursor compounds are selected from the group comprising ionic or inorganic metal-containing compounds such as Halogen compounds, nitrates, carbonates and sulfides, organometallic and / or organometallic compounds, or mixtures thereof.
- Preferred gaseous or soluble halogen compounds are in particular selected from the group comprising fluorides, chlorides, bromides and / or iodides.
- Further preferred ionic or inorganic metal-containing precursor compounds are metal nitrates.
- Preferred organometallic precursor compounds are high valence organometallic compounds, for example, cyclopentadienyl compounds.
- a further advantage of the method according to the invention is that any metal-containing precursor compound is usable for the deposition of metal layers, in particular also organometallic precursor compounds are less sensitive to air, light and moisture and expensive than organometallic precursor compounds, wherein in the process according to the invention no further Reducing agents such as hydrogen must be used.
- Preferred organometallic precursor compounds are selected from the group consisting of metal alkoxides, metal carbonyls, metal dithiocarbamates, metal borides, metal amidinates, metal carboxylates, metal dithiophosphates and / or metal diketonate.
- Particularly preferred organometallic precursor compounds are metal ⁇ -diketonates, in particular selected from the group comprising metal acetylacetonates, metal hexafluoroacetylacetonates and / or metal triisopropoxides.
- Very particularly preferred metal-containing, in particular organometallic, precursor compounds are selected from the group comprising metal acetylacetonates and / or metal hexafluoroacetylacetonates, in particular nickel (II) acetylacetonate, copper (II) acetylacetonate, cobalt (II) acetylacetonate, silver nitrates, and / or (hfac) Ag ( l, 5 COD), where COD is cyclooctadiene and hfac is hexafluoroacetylacetonate.
- a most preferred organometallic precursor compounds is ferrous acetylacetonate.
- the metal of the metal-containing precursor compounds is preferably selected from the group comprising transition metals of the subgroups of the Periodic Table.
- Preferred transition metals are selected from the group consisting of Sc, Y, La, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd and / or Hg.
- Particularly preferred metals of the metal-containing precursor compounds are selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ce, Rh, Ru, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag and / or Au, most preferably selected from the group comprising Ni, Cu, Co and / or Ag.
- the metal of the metal-containing precursor compounds is a semi-precious metal, especially Ag.
- the metal of the metal-containing precursor compounds is a non-noble metal, in particular selected from the group comprising Mo, Fe, Co, Cr, Ni and / or W.
- the metal of the metal-containing precursor compounds is a very non-noble metal, in particular selected from the group comprising Ti and / or Fe.
- the process according to the invention permits deposition of iron, for example starting from iron (II) acetylacetonate, using ethanol as organic reactant by means of thermal CVD processes.
- the layer is non-porous and there are no impurities, which can likewise be determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis.
- SEM scanning electron microscopy
- the thickness of the deposited layer is then available as a quotient of volume and known area of the coated substrate.
- a suitable growth rate is adjustable via a variation of the process parameters, in particular selected from the group comprising temperature of the substrate, evaporation temperature of the precursor compound, pressure in the reactor and / or gas flow of the carrier gas. This makes it possible to adjust the availability of the precursor compound on the substrate.
- the growth rate of deposition can be varied widely. It is an advantage of the method according to the invention that high growth rates of the deposition can be achieved.
- metal layers having a growth rate in the range of> 0.5 nm / min to ⁇ 100 nm / min, preferably in the range of> 10 nm / min to ⁇ 30 nm / min, can be applied.
- metal layers of any thickness can be applied.
- the inventive method allows the application of thin as well as thick layers, and is thus suitable for coating substrates for a variety of applications.
- layers with a layer thickness of up to 1 mm can be applied, as they are used as corrosion protection or for decorative applications.
- metal layers with a layer thickness in the range of> 0.1 nm to ⁇ 1 mm can be applied.
- metal layers with a layer thickness in the range of> 0.3 nm to ⁇ 200 nm, preferably in the range of> 0.5 nm to ⁇ 100 nm, particularly preferably in the range of> 0.5 nm to ⁇ 25 nm are applied.
- the inventive method allows the deposition of very thin metal layers.
- metal layers with a layer thickness in the range of in the range of> 0.1 nm to ⁇ 10 nm, preferably in the range of> 0.3 nm to ⁇ 5 nm can be applied.
- very thin layers for example in a range of> 0.3 nm to ⁇ 10 nm, can be applied, which can completely cover the substrate. This allows, for example, applications in the field of optoelectronics or sensors.
- thin metal layers can be produced, which are uniform, can have a uniform density and / or can be free of cracks.
- the layers are preferably non-porous. This can further lead to the deposited layers having uniform magnetic and / or electrical properties.
- the deposition of metal layers can proceed according to the method of the invention using organic reducing agents as the solvent and the only reducing agent without incubation. This makes it possible to control the deposition process, which is not achievable in known deposition methods due to the incubation time, which can be in the range of several minutes to hours depending on the substrate to be coated.
- metal layers could be formed already at a deposition time of only a few seconds, forming the substrate completely cover. This is of significant advantage over a deposition which takes place only after an incubation period, since under such conditions neither such thin layers can be applied nor the resulting layers have a corresponding uniformity.
- deposited metal layers, in particular nickel, silver and copper layers had an electrical resistance which differed only slightly from the resistance of the pure metal. This is especially available without aftertreatment of the deposited metal layer.
- An advantage of the method according to the invention is that it makes it possible to provide metal layers in a purity which corresponds to the purity of metal layers which are deposited by means of multi-step processes using hydrogen as the reducing agent.
- a great advantage of the method according to the invention is to be able to deposit metal layers of high quality, which can be done in a one-step process without the addition of further reducing agents, and also have much lower hazard potential as for example in the usual use of highly flammable and in air explosive hydrogen gas is the case.
- metal layers are further advantageously formed smooth.
- a significant advantage of the method according to the invention is that it makes it possible to provide metal layers which are smooth, completely cover the substrate even during the deposition of thin layers and / or have a uniform crystalline morphology.
- metal layers for example nickel, cobalt, silver and / or copper layers in the region of a layer thickness thinner than 25 nm, may permit an application in the field of magnetic and / or electrical applications.
- the application of metal layers according to the invention can take place in varying pressure ranges, for example at reduced or elevated pressure, for example also above 1 bar.
- the application of metal layers according to the invention is preferably carried out under reduced or atmospheric pressure, preferably at a pressure in the range of> 1 mbar to ⁇ 1 bar, preferably in the range of> 10 mbar to ⁇ 200 mbar, more preferably in the range of> 20 mbar to ⁇ 100 mbar.
- the application of metal layers according to the invention can take place in the case of a gas flow of the carrier gas, which can vary within wide ranges.
- a gas flow of the carrier gas can vary within wide ranges.
- the deposition takes place at a gas flow in the range> 0.5 slm to ⁇ 2 slm, particularly preferably in the range of> 1 slm to ⁇ 1.5 slm.
- the deposition of metal layers according to the method of the invention can be carried out at temperatures of the substrate, which can vary within wide limits.
- the substrate may be tempered, for example.
- the deposition is carried out at a temperature of the substrate in the range of> 400 K to ⁇ 1000 K, preferably in the range of> 440 K to ⁇ 800 K, preferably in the range of> 460 K to ⁇ 680 K. ,
- metal oxides can be coated as substrates with a metal layer.
- the process according to the invention which uses organic reducing agents, makes it possible to coat substrates sensitive to these, preferably mild reducing agents, with metal layers, such as metal oxide substrates.
- a sensitive substrate such as cobalt oxide, CO3O4, can be coated with a metal without the metal oxide itself being reduced.
- a sensitive substrate can be protected from reduction to the metal.
- a deposition of metals such as silver on metal oxides is made possible, which is not possible by processes using strong reducing agents such as hydrogen.
- the inventive method allows, for example, metal-containing precursor compounds containing various metals can be dissolved in an organic reducing agent, in particular by dissolving in an organic reducing agent different metal-containing precursor compounds can be dissolved in different or equal molar concentrations, this allows, from the dissolved precursor compounds a mixture different metals, for example, in the form of a mixture or an alloy to be deposited.
- a mixture different metals for example, in the form of a mixture or an alloy to be deposited.
- the composition of an alloy to be deposited is adjustable by the different or equal molar concentrations of the dissolved precursor compounds.
- the metals released in each case can be deposited in different proportions of the respective metals to form a material gradient in a layer.
- Preferred mixtures of useful mixtures of metal-containing precursor compounds include, for example, precursor compounds of Co and Ni, Co and Cu and / or Ag and Cu.
- a mixture of at least two, preferably a mixture of several, preferably in the range of 2 to 5 metal-containing precursor compounds, used in the same or different concentrations and the respectively released metals to form a material gradient, multilayer coatings and / or an alloy are deposited on the substrate.
- mixtures of semi-precious, non-noble and / or very base metals can be deposited.
- preferred mixtures of useful mixtures of metal-containing precursor compounds include, for example, precursor compounds of Ag and Ni and / or Ni and Cu.
- Particularly preferred mixtures of useful mixtures of metal-containing precursor compounds include, for example, precursor compounds of Fe and Ni and / or Ni and Co.
- mixtures of semi-precious, non-noble and / or very base metals are separable.
- alloys of the semi-precious, non-noble and / or very base metals can be deposited using the method according to the invention.
- alloys of non-noble and / or very base metals can be deposited.
- Ag-Ni and / or Ni-Cu alloys are depositable.
- Ni-Fe, Fe-Co and / or Co-Ni alloys are depositable.
- the stoichiometry can be adjusted in a targeted manner, for example by a specific mixture of the precursor compounds containing at least two different metals. These may, for example, be contained in the same pulse in any ratio.
- An advantage of the method according to the invention is that a constant stoichiometry can be set through the entire layer.
- Preferred mixtures may be, for example, mixtures of copper and nickel, preferably in the form of nickel (II) acetylacetonate and copper (II) acetylacetonate, which may be dissolved in a predetermined mixing ratio in an organic reducing agent, in particular an alcohol, for example in ethanol or methanol.
- coatings which can contain at least two different metals in which the composition is gradually variable with the thickness of the layer can advantageously be produced. This can be provided, for example, by varying the composition of the mixture containing the metal-containing precursor compound in an organic reducing agent during deposition.
- multilayer feeds which comprise a plurality of layers containing the same or different metals.
- This can be made available, for example, by initially introducing at least two or more mixtures each containing a metal-containing precursor compound in an organic reducing agent, and alternately separating the mixtures, for example by alternating pulses of the various mixtures.
- the inventive method allows the deposition of one or more metal layers containing the same or different metals.
- a plurality of metal layers in the range of> 2 to ⁇ 50 metal layers can be applied to a substrate.
- the method according to the invention allows the deposition of metal layers on substrates making them usable for example for magnetic applications, for example for multilayer and granular layer systems of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metals, and for tunneling barriers insulating multi-layer and granular layer systems of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metals.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be used for applying at least one metal layer to substrates.
- Fig. 1 is a plot of the growth rate of a copper layer for the various solvents.
- the growth rate of the copper layer is significantly higher for methanol and ethanol than for tetrahydrofuran.
- Fig. 2 is a plot of the layer thickness of a copper layer relative to the substrate temperature for methanol and tetrahydrofuran as a solvent. It can be seen that the layer thickness of the copper layer in the case of methanol, in contrast to tetrahydrofuran, increases with an increase in the substrate temperature.
- the substrate temperature was 673 K and the deposition pressure was 45 mbar.
- the deposited copper layer had a typical copper-red color.
- the coating was carried out in a cold wall CVD reactor in the form of a pulse spray evaporation CVD process.
- the reactor comprised three extension parts, an evaporator zone (T1), a carrier gas zone (T3) and a transport zone (T4). These were above the cold wall CVD Chamber arranged. In the CVD chamber ceramic blocks were arranged, which served as insulating pedestals. Over this a flat heating device was arranged.
- a temperature control unit (HT-60, Horst). Nitrogen served as a carrier gas and was heated to a temperature of 498 K to prevent cooling effects and thus condensation of the precursor compound.
- the precursor compound was sprayed via a pulsed spray nozzle into the evaporation zone (T1). This evaporation zone was heated to a temperature of 453 K and transported with the flow of nitrogen into the subsequent transport zone (T4), which was heated to a higher temperature of 513 K.
- the gas pressure in the system was set at 45 mbar (Balzer Instruments), controlled and kept constant.
- the injection system is located in the evaporation zone (Tl) and was placed laterally in the evaporation zone to prevent dripping.
- a liquid nitrogen cooled cold trap was placed between the reactor and the centrifugal pump to trap the evaporated solvent before it reached the pump oil.
- the substrate temperature was 533 K and the deposition pressure was 45 mbar.
- the substrate used was glass fragments of 1.8 x 1.8 cm 2 .
- the glass substrate (1.8 ⁇ 1.8 cm 2 ) was washed once in the ultrasonic bath with scouring powder and then twice with warm distilled water and then with acetone and dried in air.
- the coating chamber was evacuated to 5 mbar using a centrifugal pump (VacUUbrand).
- the reactor was purged with nitrogen slm into the system using a mass flow controller (Model No. FC-260, Tylan) and the pressure was 45 mbar elevated.
- the evaporation zone, the carrier gas and the substrate were simultaneously adjusted to the desired temperature.
- the temperature of the various zones was controlled by means of thermocouples and resistance heaters. Substrates were cooled in vacuo to prevent oxidation.
- Nickel (II) acetylactonate (Ni (II) (acac) 2) (Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) was dissolved in a concentration of 5 mM in ethanol (Prolab, preferably analytical grade). The necessary amount of nickel (I ⁇ ) acetylactonate was weighed with a microbalance (Sauter fine scale, type 404/11). The mixture was placed in ethanol in an evaporator, heated to 303 K to 323 K (30 0 C to 50 0 C) and shaken constantly in an ultrasonic bath to maintain the complete solution.
- the thickness of the deposited metal layer was determined gravimetrically. To this end, the glass substrate was weighed before and after the coating, with a weight gain resulting in weight gain in the region of 34 ⁇ g. Taking into account the density of the nickel of 8.91 mg / cm 3 , the volume and the thickness of the deposited layer were calculated to be 12 nm. At a deposition time of 2 minutes, the growth rate of the deposited nickel layer was 6 nm per minute.
- the morphology of the layer was fitted by scanning electron microscopy in an XL-30 ESEM (PHILIPS) examined with an EDX spectrometer (PHILIPS). It was found that a layer of pure and crystalline nickel was deposited.
- the deposited nickel layer had a metallic appearance and also a layer of 8 nm thickness had good electrical conductivity.
- the coating was carried out in a cold wall CVD reactor in the form of a pulse spray evaporation CVD process.
- the reactor comprised three extension parts, an evaporator zone (T1), a carrier gas zone (T3) and a transport zone (T4). These were located above the cold wall CVD chamber.
- evaporator zone T1
- carrier gas zone T3
- transport zone T4
- ceramic blocks were arranged, which served as insulating pedestals. Over this a flat heating device was arranged.
- the injection system is located in the evaporation zone (Tl) and was placed laterally in the evaporation zone to prevent dripping.
- a liquid nitrogen cooled cold trap was placed between the reactor and the centrifugal pump to capture the vaporized solvent before it reaches the pump oil.
- the substrate temperature was 643 K and the deposition pressure was 40 mbar.
- the substrate used was glass fragments of 1.8 x 1.8 cm 2.
- the glass substrate (1.8 x 1.8 cm 2) was washed once in the ultrasonic bath with scouring powder and then twice with warm distilled water and then with acetone and dried in air.
- the coating chamber was evacuated to 5 mbar using a centrifugal pump (VacUUbrand). Subsequently, the reactor was purged with nitrogen into the system using a mass flow controller (Model No. FC-260, Tylan) and the pressure increased to 40 mbar. Subsequently, the evaporation zone, the carrier gas and the substrate were simultaneously adjusted to the desired temperature. The temperature of the various zones was controlled by means of thermocouples and resistance heaters.
- Iron (II) acetylactonate (Fe (II) (acac) 2) (Sigma-Aldrich, 95%) was dissolved in a concentration of 2.5 mM in ethanol (Prolab, preferably analytical grade).
- the necessary amount of the iron (II) acetyl lactonate was weighed with a microbalance (Sauter fine balance, type 404/11). The mixture was placed in ethanol in an evaporator, heated to 303 K to 323 K (30 0 C to 50 0 C) and shaken constantly in an ultrasonic bath to maintain the complete solution.
- the 2.5 mM solution of ferrous acetylactonate in ethanol was introduced into the reactor with a pulse duration of 25 ms and a pulse frequency of 1 Hz during a coating time of 200 minutes for coating the substrate. These conditions resulted in a growth rate of deposited iron layer of 0.4 nm per minute on glass substrate.
- the morphology of the layer was examined by scanning electron microscopy in an XL-30 ESEM (PHILIPS) equipped with an EDX spectrometer (PHILIPS). It was found that a layer of pure and crystalline iron was deposited.
- the deposited iron layer had a metallic appearance and also a layer of ⁇ 10 nm thickness had a good electrical conductivity.
- the X-ray diffractometer image shown in FIG. 3 shows that a pure cubic crystalline iron phase was deposited.
- Example 8 Under conditions similar to those of Examples 5 and 6, the coating was repeated with a solution of 5 mM nickel or cobalt (II) acetylactonate in n-butyl acrylate (Roth,> 99.5%).
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE200610033037 DE102006033037A1 (de) | 2006-07-14 | 2006-07-14 | Einstufiges Verfahren zur Aufbringung einer Metallschicht auf ein Substrat |
| PCT/EP2007/056923 WO2008006785A1 (de) | 2006-07-14 | 2007-07-09 | Einstufiges verfahren zur aufbringung einer metallschicht auf ein substrat |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2049703A1 true EP2049703A1 (de) | 2009-04-22 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP07787205A Withdrawn EP2049703A1 (de) | 2006-07-14 | 2007-07-09 | Einstufiges verfahren zur aufbringung einer metallschicht auf ein substrat |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2049703A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102006033037A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2008006785A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU92758B1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-12-30 | Luxembourg Inst Of Science And Tech (List) | Carbon-nanotube-based composite coating and production method thereof |
| LU92757B1 (en) | 2015-06-29 | 2016-12-30 | Luxembourg Inst Of Science And Tech (List) | Ceramic composite and production method thereof |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3193411B2 (ja) * | 1991-09-18 | 2001-07-30 | 日本酸素株式会社 | 化学気相析出用有機金属化合物の保存方法、および化学気相析出用の有機金属化合物溶液 |
| JP3393135B2 (ja) * | 1991-12-13 | 2003-04-07 | アドバンスド テクノロジィ マテリアルズ,インコーポレイテッド | 不揮発性反応物を送り出す装置及び方法 |
| US5376409B1 (en) * | 1992-12-21 | 1997-06-03 | Univ New York State Res Found | Process and apparatus for the use of solid precursor sources in liquid form for vapor deposition of materials |
| GB9515439D0 (en) * | 1995-07-27 | 1995-09-27 | Isis Innovation | Method of producing metal quantum dots |
| BR9610069A (pt) * | 1995-08-04 | 2000-05-09 | Microcoating Technologies | Disposição de vapor quìmico e formação de pó usando-se pulverização térmica com soluções de fluido quase super-crìticas e super-crìticas |
| US6534133B1 (en) * | 1996-06-14 | 2003-03-18 | Research Foundation Of State University Of New York | Methodology for in-situ doping of aluminum coatings |
| US6018065A (en) * | 1997-11-10 | 2000-01-25 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Method of fabricating iridium-based materials and structures on substrates, iridium source reagents therefor |
| JP2000239843A (ja) * | 1999-02-17 | 2000-09-05 | Nippon Sanso Corp | 金属薄膜の製造方法 |
| US6372364B1 (en) * | 1999-08-18 | 2002-04-16 | Microcoating Technologies, Inc. | Nanostructure coatings |
| JP2003055294A (ja) * | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-26 | Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo Kk | Cvd用原料化合物及びその製造方法並びにルテニウム又はルテニウム化合物薄膜の化学気相蒸着方法 |
| JP2004183046A (ja) * | 2002-12-03 | 2004-07-02 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | 化学気相成長用原料及びこれを用いたアルミニウム元素を含有する薄膜の製造方法 |
| US7285308B2 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2007-10-23 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Chemical vapor deposition of high conductivity, adherent thin films of ruthenium |
-
2006
- 2006-07-14 DE DE200610033037 patent/DE102006033037A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2007
- 2007-07-09 EP EP07787205A patent/EP2049703A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2007-07-09 WO PCT/EP2007/056923 patent/WO2008006785A1/de not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2008006785A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2008006785A1 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
| DE102006033037A1 (de) | 2008-01-24 |
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