EP2071186A2 - Pompe à vide et procédé de son fonctionnement - Google Patents

Pompe à vide et procédé de son fonctionnement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2071186A2
EP2071186A2 EP08020360A EP08020360A EP2071186A2 EP 2071186 A2 EP2071186 A2 EP 2071186A2 EP 08020360 A EP08020360 A EP 08020360A EP 08020360 A EP08020360 A EP 08020360A EP 2071186 A2 EP2071186 A2 EP 2071186A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum pump
operating
cooling
temperature
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08020360A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2071186A3 (fr
EP2071186B1 (fr
Inventor
Gernot Bernhardt
Jürgen Metzger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH
Original Assignee
Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH filed Critical Pfeiffer Vacuum GmbH
Publication of EP2071186A2 publication Critical patent/EP2071186A2/fr
Publication of EP2071186A3 publication Critical patent/EP2071186A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2071186B1 publication Critical patent/EP2071186B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B49/00—Control, e.g. of pump delivery, or pump pressure of, or safety measures for, machines, pumps, or pumping installations, not otherwise provided for, or of interest apart from, groups F04B1/00 - F04B47/00
    • F04B49/06—Control using electricity
    • F04B49/065—Control using electricity and making use of computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B25/00—Multi-stage pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B37/00—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00
    • F04B37/10—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use
    • F04B37/14—Pumps having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B35/00 for special use to obtain high vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B2205/00—Fluid parameters
    • F04B2205/11—Outlet temperature
    • F04B2205/112—Outlet temperature between two stages in a multi-stage pump

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum pump according to the preamble of the first claim. It further relates to a method for operating a vacuum pump according to the preamble of the eighth claim.
  • Vacuum pumps of the coarse and fine vacuum range basically have a problem when compressing gas-vapor mixtures to atmospheric pressure. Without suitable countermeasures, condensation of the vapor content within the pump stages of the vacuum pump may occur. The vapor content is in many cases water vapor. Depending on how it is designed, a vacuum pump can compress water vapor without causing any unwanted problems. This is often referred to as "water vapor compatibility”. Gaede solved this problem for the first time by injecting gas ballast into the pumping stage. This method is presented in the DE-PS 702 480 , This problem solution has prevailed in the prior art and has been used for many decades in various forms.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a vacuum pump that can compress gas-vapor mixtures with larger amounts of vapor to atmosphere.
  • the provision of an operating electronics for the position of the cooling amount of the cooling device allows to reduce the cooling amount targeted.
  • the temperature of the vacuum pump increases as the amount of cooling decreases due to the heat of compression and the heat generated by the power loss of the drive. This reduces the risk of condensation of steam and the vacuum pump can compress gas-steam mixtures with higher vapor content to atmosphere.
  • the above-mentioned disadvantages, including the deterioration of the final pressure, are largely avoided.
  • the temperature sensor connected to the operating electronics makes it possible to keep the temperature of the vacuum pump at a high but harmless value. Too high temperatures lead to premature aging of the components. In lubricant-lubricated vacuum pumps in particular the lubricant is exposed at high temperatures decomposition processes.
  • the temperature of the vacuum pump can be controlled by changing the cooling amount in a range in which such aging and decomposition does not take place. This is limited only by the maximum cooling possibility. To achieve these advantages, the measurement of a temperature, the subsequent determination of a necessary cooling amount and the setting of the determined cooling are necessary as method steps.
  • the vacuum pump can be advantageously further developed, in which a selection means is connected to the operating electronics, which allows the choice of different operating modes of the operating electronics. This makes it possible to adapt the conveying capacity for high vapor contents to the needs. Is a To promote low vapor content, a low operating temperature mode is selected. With increasing steam content, operating modes with increasingly high operating temperatures can be selected.
  • Another development suggests additionally providing a gas ballast access which can be shut off by a valve. As a result, the recoverable vapor content can be further increased.
  • a vacuum pump with a gas ballast access which can be shut off by a valve and a selection means can be further developed in that the switching states of the selection means and of the valve are coupled to one another.
  • a higher temperature operating mode is selected at the moment, even if a gas ballast amount is supplied. This can be set by a throttle. In this way, the operation of the vacuum pump is simplified and produced an optimal compatibility for high vapor content.
  • valve in the gas ballast access comprises a solenoid valve, which is connected to the operating electronics.
  • the operating electronics can supply additional gas ballast as needed. This makes it possible to promote high levels of vapor even when it is necessary to lower the temperature.
  • the cooling device comprises a fan whose speed is variable. In particular, it can be lowered from a standard value, so that the amount of cooling provided can be reduced by reducing the speed. This is a simple and inexpensive design.
  • the vacuum pump has a lubricant-sealed rotary vane pumping stage. Since here the lubricant performs many functions, in particular the sealing of the pump chamber, lubrication of the slide and the lubrication of the bearings, it is important that no vapors condense and enter the lubricant circuit. At the same time, it is important not to damage the lubricant by overheating.
  • the method according to claim 8 can be further developed by checking the selection means for its switching state in a further step and then determining the temperature to be reached. This makes it possible in a very simple and cost-effective manner to offer the user of the vacuum pump a plurality of operating modes, which differ in the compatibility for vapor fractions.
  • Another development proposes to effect the adjustment of the cooling by changing the speed of the fan. This is structurally very simple. In addition, can very quickly cause very accurate changes in the cooling.
  • the vacuum pump has a valve in a gas ballast access and the temperature of the vacuum pump is increased by reducing the speed of a fan when the valve is open. Due to the increase in temperature and the simultaneous feeding of the gas ballast, a maximum high conveying capacity for vapor fractions is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 shows a two-stage vacuum pump 1 of the first embodiment.
  • an end pump stage 2 and a fine vacuum stage 4 are arranged within the vacuum pump.
  • the inlet of the fine vacuum stage is connected to a recipient 3.
  • Gas is sucked from her from this and compressed by the Endpumplie so far that it can be expelled from the atmosphere of the vacuum pump.
  • Both pumping stages are driven by a motor 5. Its driving force is distributed by a gear 6 on both pumping stages.
  • both pumping stages may be disposed on a common shaft driven by the motor.
  • the pumping stages can be designed to be dry-compressing, for example according to the piston principle.
  • at least the final pumping stage may be a lubricant-sealed rotary vane pump.
  • the vacuum pump has a fan 7, which has a drive 5 independent of the motor.
  • An operating electronics 8 sets the speed of the fan.
  • the fan generates an air flow and thus a cooling amount, which is used for cooling the pump stages and the motor.
  • the airflow is in Fig. 1 represented by dashed arrows.
  • a selection means 12 is arranged on the vacuum pump so that it is accessible to the user. This selection means allows the selection of different operating modes. It may for example be designed as a multiple switch, in which each position stands for a mode. Alternatively it can be designed as a plug for a remote control. The operating modes differ in the temperature range to which the vacuum pump is heated.
  • a temperature sensor 13 is connected, which is arranged within the vacuum pump. In this example, it is located at the final pump stage. It can also be arranged in colder places, where the risk of condensation is particularly high, for example at the pump outlet, or at locations which are more critical with respect to excess temperature, for example the engine. Alternatively, a plurality of temperature sensors may be provided.
  • the operating electronics are connected to a solenoid valve 9, which is arranged in a gas ballast access 11.
  • This gas ballast access allows the supply of atmospheric gas in the final pump stage 2.
  • a throttle 10 which may also be connected to the operating electronics, allows regulating the amount of gas added via the gas ballast access.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 2 is a lubricant sealed rotary vane vacuum pump 1, hereinafter: rotary vane pump. It draws gas through a gas inlet 225 and expels compressed gas to atmosphere through a gas outlet 226. The gas is compressed in the pumping chamber 214 of a pumping stage. This is formed by a shaft 215 eccentrically passing through a cylindrical bore, the shaft carrying one or more slides 216. The shaft is rotatably mounted in plain bearings 217. Due to the rotation of the shaft, the slide runs in the bore, creating a sickle-shaped suction space between the cylinder walls and the slide. The rotation is effected in this example by permanent magnets 224 on the shaft and electric coils 223.
  • a separating element 218 is arranged, which is constructed of non-magnetic material. This may include, for example, glass.
  • the control of the electric coils is carried out by an operating electronics 208. This is designed so that they next to the coils of the Drive also drives a fan 207.
  • the operating electronics are in particular designed so that they cause different speeds of the fan.
  • the fan generates a flow of air in the Fig. 2 is shown by dashed arrows.
  • the air flow is directed to the heat-conducting components of the rotary vane pump, in particular to the area containing drive and pumping stage. Heat generated in this area is taken up by the passing air, so that cooling of this area is effected. In particular, heat is removed from that lubricant which surrounds the housing of the pumping stage and is heated by it.
  • the degree of cooling depends on the strength of the air flow and this depends on the speed of the fan.
  • a temperature sensor 213 is disposed in the rotary vane pump in the vicinity of the drive and outputs a signal dependent on the temperature. It is in communication with the operating electronics 208. This is designed to use the temperature dependent signal to determine the necessary cooling. The determined cooling is then adjusted by the operating electronics by changing the speed of the fan. If a temperature increase is necessary, the cooling must be reduced, therefore the speed is reduced. If the temperature is to be lowered, the speed is increased to increase the cooling amount also. Since the temperature sensor is located in the vicinity of the drive and thus temperature-critical electronic components, its signal can be used to prevent overheating of the electronic components.
  • the switch 212 allows setting of different modes.
  • the operating modes differ in the temperature range to which the vacuum pump is tempered, so that the operating modes also differ in the water vapor compatibility.
  • the switch can therefore be labeled with values or value ranges for the compatibility with water vapor.
  • the operating electronics can have an electronic interface via which a software parameter within the operating electronics is changed.
  • the means for Modification of the software parameter may include a handset, a computer, or the like, and be separably connected to the operating electronics.
  • a gas ballast access 211 connects the sump 214 of the rotary vane pump to the atmosphere.
  • the inlet into the suction chamber is arranged so that at any time the slide causes a separation to the gas inlet of the rotary vane pump.
  • the atmosphere-side inlet of the gas ballast access is designed in this example as an opening 221, which can be completely or partially closed by a sleeve 220. The sleeve and opening together form a gas ballast valve 209.
  • the rotary vane pump has a heat sink 222, which contributes to the passive cooling. It is arranged on the surface of the housing and gives off heat that is generated in it to the ambient air.
  • the rotary vane pump of this example is drawn in one stage, but there may be multiple serially or in parallel arranged pumping stages.
  • FIG. 3 shows in the first line the switching state S of the selection means 12 and the switch 212 over the time t.
  • the cooling amount C over the time t is given, which is provided for example by a variable speed fan.
  • the course of the temperature T over time t is reproduced in the third line.
  • the switching state S 0 is set.
  • the temperature of the vacuum pump rises from a cold value T C , which is for example the room temperature, to a normal value T N. This is after the typical Values in the prior art and depends on the operating conditions, such as the ambient temperature and the amount of gas to be delivered. Since heat of compression and drive losses heat the vacuum pump, a cooling amount C N is necessary to maintain the temperature T N.
  • the switching state is changed to the state S 1 , thereby selecting an operating state with a higher water vapor compatibility.
  • the operating electronics use the signal of the temperature sensor to set the cooling quantity C of the coolant.
  • the switching state S 1 is given, the operating electronics is in a control mode. In switching state S 0 it is sufficient if it works as a controller.
  • the temperature of the vacuum pump must be increased from the normal value T N to a higher value in the range between a lower limit temperature T B and a maximum temperature T T. To achieve this, the temperature is first measured. If the current temperature of the vacuum pump is below the temperature T B , the cooling amount is lowered to a low value C 1 . Due to the reduced cooling, the vacuum pump heats up due to the heat of compression and the drive losses. At time t 2 , the vacuum pump reaches the lower limit temperature T B. Now, the cooling amount is set to a middle value C 2 to slow down the heating. Upon reaching the maximum temperature T T , the cooling amount is increased to a turn higher value C 3 in order to cool the vacuum pump and to avoid overheating. Due to the strong cooling, the temperature drops to finally reach the lower limit temperature T B again at time t 4 . Upon reaching this temperature, the cooling amount is reduced again to the value C 2 , so that the vacuum pump heats up again.
  • the switching state is changed from S 1 to S 0 .
  • the normal cooling capacity C N is set so that the temperature of the vacuum pump drops to the normal value T N.
  • the FIG. 4 shows two easy ways to adjust the amount of cooling.
  • the cooling rate C is indicated in the upper diagram, in the second diagram the speed f of the fan in a first operating mode and in the lower diagram finally the speed f 'of the fan in a second operating mode.
  • the vacuum pump Before the time t ' 1 , the vacuum pump is in an operating state in which the cooling amount after the heat input by compression and drive losses is measured. With the maximum cooling quantity C ' N , heating of the vacuum pump to impermissible values is prevented even under the most unfavorable operating conditions, eg a very high ambient temperature of 40 ° C. At time t ' 1 is selected by the selection means an operating state with higher water vapor compatibility, which is terminated only at the time t' 3 again.
  • the rotational speed of the fan is lowered from one of the cooling amount C ' N adapted speed f N to a lower speed f 1 . This reduces the amount of cooling. From the time t ' 2 a higher cooling capacity is required, therefore, the speed is set to a value f 2 between f N and f 1 . From t ' 3 the fan runs again at the original speed f N.
  • the speed control can also be infinitely variable instead of discrete speed values.
  • the cooling amount is provided by a pulsed operation of the fan. Between the times t ' 1 and t' 2 is the Fan at a lower speed, which also includes the standstill of the fan, operated and switched only for pulses 41 to another speed. This may be the speed f N in a simple embodiment. Averaged over the time interval t ' 1 to t' 2 results from the pulsed operation, a smaller amount of cooling. In the time interval t ' 2 to t' 3 , a higher cooling amount is required. This results by using several pulses 42. By changing the pulse height, pulse duration and pulse rate, the cooling amount can be set to the required level.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Applications Or Details Of Rotary Compressors (AREA)
  • Compressor (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
EP08020360.7A 2007-12-12 2008-11-22 Pompe à vide et procédé de son fonctionnement Active EP2071186B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007059938A DE102007059938A1 (de) 2007-12-12 2007-12-12 Vakuumpumpe und Verfahren zum Betrieb

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2071186A2 true EP2071186A2 (fr) 2009-06-17
EP2071186A3 EP2071186A3 (fr) 2014-09-03
EP2071186B1 EP2071186B1 (fr) 2017-11-22

Family

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EP08020360.7A Active EP2071186B1 (fr) 2007-12-12 2008-11-22 Pompe à vide et procédé de son fonctionnement

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EP (1) EP2071186B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5496498B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102007059938A1 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102280965A (zh) * 2010-06-12 2011-12-14 中国科学院沈阳科学仪器研制中心有限公司 真空泵用屏蔽电机
CN104019035A (zh) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-03 上海千山远东制药机械有限公司 真空冷冻干燥机的真空泵气镇装置
EP3434905A1 (fr) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-30 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Pompe à vide et procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une pompe à vide
CN111734615A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-10-02 安图实验仪器(郑州)有限公司 用于真空系统的后级泵控制系统及控制方法
CN112032021A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-04 北京通嘉宏瑞科技有限公司 一种真空泵用温度调控装置及使用方法
EP3916225A3 (fr) * 2021-09-29 2022-03-09 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Pompe à vide
EP4043733A3 (fr) * 2022-06-17 2023-01-04 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Pompe à vide pourvue d'aérateur pouvant être commandée séparément
WO2026057966A1 (fr) * 2024-09-10 2026-03-19 Edwards Limited Empêchement de condensation de vapeur avec des pompes à vide mécaniques

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP7721251B2 (ja) * 2019-09-09 2025-08-12 ホシザキ株式会社 厨房機器
DE102022118955A1 (de) * 2022-07-28 2024-02-08 Boge Kompressoren Otto Boge Gmbh & Co. Kg Elektrisch angetriebenes Gerät zur Förderung eines Gases

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE702480C (de) 1935-12-22 1941-02-08 Wolfgang Gaede Dr Ein- oder mehrstufige Vakuumpumpe zur Erzeugung tiefer Druecke zum Absaugen von Daempfen und Gas-Dampf-Gemischen

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US4268230A (en) * 1979-04-26 1981-05-19 Varian Associates, Inc. Gas ballast for oil sealed mechanical vacuum vane pump
GB9223804D0 (en) * 1992-11-13 1993-01-06 Boc Group Plc Improvements in vacuum pumps
JP2001271777A (ja) * 2000-03-27 2001-10-05 Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd 真空ポンプにおける冷却装置
JP3858667B2 (ja) * 2001-10-29 2006-12-20 日立工機株式会社 スクロール形真空ポンプ
DE10156179A1 (de) * 2001-11-15 2003-05-28 Leybold Vakuum Gmbh Kühlung einer Schraubenvakuumpumpe
GB0506987D0 (en) * 2005-04-07 2005-05-11 Boc Group Plc Temperature control apparatus
DE102006058843A1 (de) * 2006-12-13 2008-06-19 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Vakuumpumpe

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE702480C (de) 1935-12-22 1941-02-08 Wolfgang Gaede Dr Ein- oder mehrstufige Vakuumpumpe zur Erzeugung tiefer Druecke zum Absaugen von Daempfen und Gas-Dampf-Gemischen

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102280965A (zh) * 2010-06-12 2011-12-14 中国科学院沈阳科学仪器研制中心有限公司 真空泵用屏蔽电机
CN102280965B (zh) * 2010-06-12 2013-07-24 中国科学院沈阳科学仪器股份有限公司 真空泵用屏蔽电机
CN104019035A (zh) * 2014-06-25 2014-09-03 上海千山远东制药机械有限公司 真空冷冻干燥机的真空泵气镇装置
EP3434905A1 (fr) * 2017-07-25 2019-01-30 Pfeiffer Vacuum Gmbh Pompe à vide et procédé destiné au fonctionnement d'une pompe à vide
CN111734615A (zh) * 2020-06-28 2020-10-02 安图实验仪器(郑州)有限公司 用于真空系统的后级泵控制系统及控制方法
CN111734615B (zh) * 2020-06-28 2022-03-18 安图实验仪器(郑州)有限公司 用于真空系统的后级泵控制系统及控制方法
CN112032021A (zh) * 2020-09-10 2020-12-04 北京通嘉宏瑞科技有限公司 一种真空泵用温度调控装置及使用方法
CN112032021B (zh) * 2020-09-10 2024-04-26 北京通嘉宏瑞科技有限公司 一种真空泵用温度调控装置及使用方法
EP3916225A3 (fr) * 2021-09-29 2022-03-09 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Pompe à vide
EP4043733A3 (fr) * 2022-06-17 2023-01-04 Pfeiffer Vacuum Technology AG Pompe à vide pourvue d'aérateur pouvant être commandée séparément
WO2026057966A1 (fr) * 2024-09-10 2026-03-19 Edwards Limited Empêchement de condensation de vapeur avec des pompes à vide mécaniques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5496498B2 (ja) 2014-05-21
EP2071186A3 (fr) 2014-09-03
DE102007059938A1 (de) 2009-06-18
EP2071186B1 (fr) 2017-11-22
JP2009144709A (ja) 2009-07-02

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