Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
  • H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
  • H01H33/7069—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by special dielectric or insulating properties or by special electric or magnetic field control properties
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H2033/028—Details the cooperating contacts being both actuated simultaneously in opposite directions
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
  • H01H33/02—Details
  • H01H33/24—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
  • H01H33/245—Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring using movable field electrodes

Definitions

• the invention relates to high or medium voltage circuit breakers, the opening distance between the contacts is reduced and the cut improved.
• the invention relates to the presence of an insulating tube for distributing the electric field more regularly during the cut and to reduce the gradients exerted on the arcing contacts.
• the cylinder can also be used for one actuation by transmission of forces in the opposite direction of the contacts in order to reduce the operating energy and / or for a separate displacement between the arcing contact and the main contact of the same block of contact. contact.
• the medium and high voltage switchgear apparatus comprises a pair of movable contacts relative to each other between a closed position in which the electric current can flow and an open position in which the electric current is interrupted.
• a “main contact” is an electrical contact (with its corona cover) through which the nominal current flows; it is associated with an “arc contact” which ensures the cutoff function itself.
• the “contact” is the main contact and arc contact directly connected to the operating member.
• the speed of separation between the contacts is one of the main parameters to guarantee the dielectric strength of the circuit breaker when it is opened.
• the "opposite moving contact” also composed of a main contact and an arc contact, is then moved via a kinematic, which is itself connected to the "moving contact”.
• the document EP 0 822 565 describes a circuit breaker for high and medium voltage in which a lever with two arms, one being connected to a nozzle secured to a first contact and the other to a second contact, allows that the movement of the first contact simultaneously causes the second contact in the opposite direction.
• the return system can be made by a belt, or chain, closed around two gears: see document FR 2 774 503.
• the opening distance between the contacts remains however important because of the electric field present between the contacts during the cut, as well as because of the high voltages at keep in the open position (eg during shocks).
• Document DE 199 02 835 proposes only a partial solution for modifying the field lines at the end of the opening stroke and only at the level of the arc contact rod.
• the invention proposes, among other advantages, to overcome the disadvantages described above, and to better distribute the electric field at the contacts.
• This effect is obtained by the introduction of an insulating tube, which, by its dielectric properties optimizes the equipotential lines during the opening of the contacts and, in addition, can make possible a system of double movement of the contacts and effectively protect the main contacts from the hot gases generated by the cut.
• the invention relates to a breaking chamber for a circuit breaker high or medium voltage comprising two contacts each comprising in particular a so-called main contact and an arcing contact.
• the contacts are relatively movable relative to each other, between an open position of the interrupting chamber and a closed position, actuating means for moving a movable contact.
• the other contact may be fixed, or the two contacts may be movable in translation in a direction opposite to each other, in which case they are preferably moved by the same actuating means; it can furthermore be a slip between the main contact and the arc contact of the second opposite moving contact.
• the breaking chamber according to the invention is further provided with an insulating tube located between the main contacts and the fixed contacts, whether their position is open or closed.
• the first contact is associated with a blowing nozzle, also located in the insulating tube, and the breaking chamber is filled with dielectric gas.
• the insulating tube is fixed to the first movable main contact, and is guided in translation in the second main contact (fixed or mobile opposite), for example by a ring; the guiding system can be sealed, which then makes it possible to avoid reflux of hot gases from the nozzle outlet to the main contacts.
• the insulating tube makes it possible to move the equipotential lines, to reduce the electric field applied to the contacts during the cut. It may be of different materials, including fiber arrangements, for example windings, in a resin; the material of the tube can also be loaded, on the surface or in the mass. To modulate the distribution of the field, the insulating tube may be provided with protuberances and / or thickenings, particularly at its ends, in particular at the rod-shaped arc contact. It is also possible to associate a metal field electrode to further decrease the gradient.
• the two contacts are movable and actuated via the insulating tube.
• the tube is then connected to a contact and to the actuating means so that the tripping of the circuit breaker and the subsequent displacement of the contact cause the actuating means.
• the actuating means are furthermore connected by connection means to the second contact, so that the displacement in one direction of the tube causes displacement in the opposite direction of the second contact.
• the actuating means are in the form of a lever pivoting about an axis.
• the connection means may be rigid rods or rods connected to the lever arms, and the dimensioning of the lever arms may be adjusted to optimize the speed ratio between the first and the second contact, or even between the main contact and the contact arc of the same moving contact.
• the invention relates to a high or medium voltage circuit breaker provided with an interrupting chamber having an insulating field distributor tube, which can further participate in one actuation of the contacts.
• Figure 1 shows, in longitudinal sectional view, schematically a cutting chamber, according to the prior art for an upper half, and provided with an insulating tube according to an embodiment of the invention for a lower half.
• Figures 2A and 2B show, also in longitudinal sectional view, in two orientations about its axis, a breaking chamber according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
• a high or medium voltage circuit breaker illustrated in the upper part of FIG. 1, comprises an interrupting chamber 10 which can be filled with an SF 6 type dielectric gas.
• the breaking chamber 10 comprises a first movable contact 12, composed of an arc contact 12a, for example in the form of a tulip, and a main contact 12b, and a second contact 14, fixed in this embodiment, composed of a contact arc 14a, here in the form of rod, and a main contact 14b.
• the main contacts 12b, 14b separate, then the arcing contacts 12a, 14a separate, after a possible latency period created by the length of one racking, forming an electric arc which extinguished by the subsequent spacing of the contact 12.
• the first contact 12 is usually secured to a nozzle 16 of insulating material, which itself extends a gas compression volume.
• This dielectric nozzle 16 serves as a nozzle for blowing the gas from the compression volume in the direction of the electric arc.
• an insulating cylinder 18 is positioned at the contacts 12a, 14a, in order to distribute differently the equipotential lines V, as illustrated on the part bottom of Figure 1.
• the cylinder 18 is positioned between the main contacts 12b, 14b and the arcing contacts 12a, 14a, regardless of the open or closed position of the contacts 12, 14.
• the presence of a tube 18 in a material of high relative permittivity acts on the field lines E, which are offset with respect to their conventional position.
• the field E on the arc rod 14b is then reduced.
• the insulating tube 18, 118 is an inner hollow right cylinder (FIG. 1, FIGS. 2A and 2B) which does not constitute an otherwise known nozzle or insulating nozzle in the usual breaking chambers.
• the insulating nozzle 16, 116 performs a partial function of distribution of the electric field as usually performed in the usual breaking chambers, while the insulating tube 18 according to the invention provides a further modification of the equipotential electric field lines.
• the insulating tube 18, 118 has dielectric properties that optimize the equipotential lines during the opening of the contacts.
• the shape and the local thickness of the tube 18 so as to modulate its influence.
• the thickness of the tube 18 increases at the level of the arc contact rod 14a, for example by the presence of an excess thickness 20 at one end of the tube 18, the effect of modifying the field lines E is increased, and the field Ei 4 on said rod 14a is further decreased.
• Relative permittivity of the tube 18 acts directly on the distribution of the equipotential lines V.
• the tube 18 may be a hollow cylinder made of thermoplastic or thermosetting polymer.
• thermoplastic polymers there may be mentioned in particular the families of unsaturated polyesters, or phenoplasts, or epoxy resins in reaction with anhydride hardeners of acids, or polybismaleides, or vinylester resins; among the thermoplastic polymers, there may be mentioned in particular families of thermoplastic polyesters, or polyamides, or polycarbonates, or polyphenylene oxides, or polysulfones, or polyphenylenesulfides, or polyetherketones, or liquid crystal polymers, or polyimides, or fluorinated polymers of PTFE type (polytetrafluoroethylene). An alloy of these materials can also be used.
• the tube 18 may also consist of a fiber arrangement, in particular mineral fibers such as glass fibers or polyester fibers or Kevlar TM type aramid fibers, each of which may be in the form of continuous yarns, long fibers (> 3 mm), short fibers ( ⁇ 3 mm), poles, or fabrics. It may alternatively or additionally contain, locally or in total, particulate reinforcements (alumina, alumina trihydrate, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide MgO, silica, wollastonite, calcium carbonate, titanium oxide, silicate-based compounds such as montmorillonites, vermiculites and kaolin), organic or inorganic.
• mineral fibers such as glass fibers or polyester fibers or Kevlar TM type aramid fibers, each of which may be in the form of continuous yarns, long fibers (> 3 mm), short fibers ( ⁇ 3 mm), poles, or fabrics. It may alternatively or additionally contain, locally or in total, particulate reinforcements (alumina, alumina trihydrate, calcium oxide,
• the hollow cylinder 18 is made of filament windings, the angle given to the winding can be 0 ° to 90 ° evenly over the entire cylinder 18 or variable (this second case allows modify the mechanical properties of the cylinder locally).
• the assembly is then, or previously, impregnated with resin (vacuum-produced or not), for example an epoxy resin of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, or cycloaliphatic type.
• resin for example an epoxy resin of bisphenol A, bisphenol F, or cycloaliphatic type.
• Various reinforcing materials can be added, such as mineral fibers such as glass fibers or polyester fibers or Kevlar TM type aramid fibers, each of which can be in the form of continuous yarns, long fibers (> 3 mm), fibers short ( ⁇ 3 mm), masts, or tissues.
• a varnish or a protective film for example a polyester film, may be deposited on the internal and / or external wall of the tube 18, for example on a approximately 30 ⁇ m layer, such as an aliphatic polyurethane.
• the material of the insulating tube 18 comprises, in a more or less localized manner, at the surface or in the mass, charge injections, which also make it possible to optimize the field distribution function.
• the cylinder 18 and its protuberances 20 may comprise epoxy resins bisphenol A, bisphenol F or cycloaliphatic with localized injection of charge, for example of the type zinc oxide or titanium oxide, optimizing its distribution function of the electric field.
• another material 22 may be overmolded on the inside and / or outside diameter of this cylinder 18, or deposited in a thin layer on its inside and / or outside diameter.
• the layer may be made of a polymer mixture (thermoplastic or thermosetting) with incorporation of charge (material which can have a high relative permittivity) of ZnO, TiO 2 or carbon black type, the mass charge ratio being between 0.1 % and 300% over a thickness of between 10 ⁇ m and 5 mm.
• the insulating tube 18 may be of variable geometry, in cylindrical form, preferably of revolution about the axis AA of the cutting chamber 10, or conical, or even polygonal; as specified above, local extra thicknesses 20 make it possible to modulate the distribution of the equipotential lines V according to predetermined criteria, for example by calculation and / or modeling.
• this electrode makes it possible to further reduce the gradients and the field Ei 4 on the rod 14a and to improve the cutoff.
• the location of this field electrode is not limited to the end of the tube 18.
• the insulating tube 18 can be coupled to the first contact 12, preferably to its main contact 12b, possibly fixedly, by its end 24.
• a guide member 26 is located between the outer wall of the insulating tube 18 and the inner wall of the second main contact 14b.
• the tube 18 being coupled to the movable contact 12, the contact 12 and the nozzle 16 are guided along the axis AA during their movement.
• the guide system 26 may be the surface geometry, but preferably comprises a solid or split ring, of small thickness, of insulating material having a low coefficient of friction (for example a PTFE loaded or not).
• Hot gases 28 can be projected into the vicinity of the main contacts 12b, 14b.
• the presence of these hot gases 28 can cause dielectric ignitions, potentially destructive for the circuit breaker: the usual management of these hot gases 28 causes oversize of the circuit breaker. Thanks to the invention, and in particular in the case where a system of guide 26, which can then be sealed, is provided, the hot gases are confined in the tube 18, and the dielectric reboots between the permanent contacts 12b, 14b are avoided, while maintaining a compact structure at the breaking chamber 10.
• the solution according to the invention can also be applied for a double-action breaking chamber 110.
• the general geometry of the chamber 110 may be similar to that previously described: two contacts 112, 114 and the nozzle 116 move along the principal axis AA of the breaking chamber 110, the two contacts 112, 114 each comprising an arc contact 112a, 114a, and a permanent contact 112b, 114b between which is an insulating tube 118; each element 110, 112, 114, 116, 118 is symmetrical around the axis AA.
• each of the contacts 112, 114 is actuated in spacing or approximation by means of a single actuating system 130; in fact, the displacement of the movable contact 112 during the tripping of the circuit breaker drives the actuating system 130 which displaces the opposite moving contact 114.
• the driving of the opposite moving contact 114 is done via the tube 118: this option allows a greater latitude of the actuating means 130 in view of the particularly complex geometry of the contact members 112, 114 of a high and medium voltage breaking chamber 110; the insulating tube 118, by its diameter, allows to transmit a displacement in a wide range of maneuvering forces.
• the tube 118 can remain of reduced thickness: indeed, since it is a solid cylindrical tube, the load is uniformly distributed, and the movement of the first movable contact 112 and the drive of the second opposite movable contact 114 do not require thick walls to be sufficiently strong; for example, the tube 118 may have walls of a few millimeters only to a few tens of millimeters.
• the insulating tube 118 is fixed by one end 124 to the first main contact 112, for example by a connecting pin, and preferably the actuating device 130 is located at its other end, on the opposite moving contact 114.
• the actuating means 130 may take various forms known to those skilled in the art.
• the actuating means 130 comprise a lever with two arms 132, 134 pivoting about an axis 136.
• the first arm 132 is connected to the insulating tube 118 (and thus indirectly to the first contact 112), for example at the level of an end protrusion 120. It therefore moves in the opposite direction of the second arm 134 connected to the second contact 114, and preferably to its main contact 114b.
• connection between the tube 118 and the first arm 132 is preferably carried out by a rotary attachment, for example an axis, 138 between the end of a first rigid rod 142 connected by a pivot at an end portion of the arm 132.
• a rod, or second rigid rod, 144 pivotally connects an end portion of the second arm 134 and the main contact 114b.
• connection at the opposite contact 114 may be at greater or lesser distance from the axis AA of displacement.
• the length of the arms 132, 134 of the lever may be the same or different. According to one embodiment, the length of the two arms 132, 134 is maximum, that is to say of the order of the diameter of the insulating tube 118, in order to optimize the forces.
• connection rods 142, 144 connecting, particularly at the lever 130, if a latency is recommended between the setting in motion of the two contacts 112, 114: for example, the second rod connection 144 of the opposite contact 114 may move a certain distance by sliding in a lumen (not shown) of the second arm 134 before initiating its translational movement along the axis AA.
• the arcing contact 114a and the main contact 114b of the opposite movable contact 114 are slippery with respect to each other, and thus have strokes and speeds different.
• the arcing contact 114a and the main contact 114b are then connected to the actuating system 130 by a different link and lever (not shown).
• the axis 136 of the lever 130 is orthogonal to the axis AA of displacement, so that the end of the arms 132, 134 and thus the connecting rods 142, 144 move in a plane movement allowing a less solicitation of their anchoring points.
• the axis 136 of the lever intersects the axis AA of displacement of the contacts 112, 114.
• the actuating means 130 comprise two levers, preferably axisymmetric, whose pivot axes are coincident; each arm of each lever is connected by a rod to the tube 118 or second contact 114, preferably at two diametrically opposite points.

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• Circuit Breakers (AREA)
• Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

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• 2006
  • 2006-10-09 FR FR0654160A patent/FR2906931B1/fr active Active
• 2007
  • 2007-10-08 US US12/443,920 patent/US8698033B2/en active Active
  • 2007-10-08 EP EP07820999A patent/EP2076914B1/de active Active
  • 2007-10-08 WO PCT/EP2007/060626 patent/WO2008043721A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2007-10-08 AT AT07820999T patent/ATE552603T1/de active
  • 2007-10-08 CN CN2007800375570A patent/CN101595545B/zh active Active

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