EP2104845A1 - Procédé et système pour évaluer un risque et une incertitude de zones d'intérêt à explorer - Google Patents

Procédé et système pour évaluer un risque et une incertitude de zones d'intérêt à explorer

Info

Publication number
EP2104845A1
EP2104845A1 EP07865726A EP07865726A EP2104845A1 EP 2104845 A1 EP2104845 A1 EP 2104845A1 EP 07865726 A EP07865726 A EP 07865726A EP 07865726 A EP07865726 A EP 07865726A EP 2104845 A1 EP2104845 A1 EP 2104845A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reservoir
prospect
risk
uncertainty
tools
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP07865726A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2104845A4 (fr
Inventor
Kiet Tran
William D. Wiggins
Timothy R. Mchargue
Larry J. Sydora
Barry Katz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chevron USA Inc
Original Assignee
Chevron USA Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chevron USA Inc filed Critical Chevron USA Inc
Publication of EP2104845A1 publication Critical patent/EP2104845A1/fr
Publication of EP2104845A4 publication Critical patent/EP2104845A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/06—Resources, workflows, human or project management; Enterprise or organisation planning; Enterprise or organisation modelling
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q10/00—Administration; Management
    • G06Q10/04—Forecasting or optimisation specially adapted for administrative or management purposes, e.g. linear programming or "cutting stock problem"

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to methods and systems for assessing the risk and uncertainty elements of exploration prospects prior to drilling, and more particularly, to enhancing hydrocarbon acquisition and development success rates by accurately forecasting potential risks and uncertainty elements in an integrated environment.
  • An exploration prospect can include one or more subsurface structures that may or may not be hydrocarbon reservoirs.
  • Several tools exist which assist in making such risk and uncertainty evaluations and predictions of quantity and commercial viability of hydrocarbons. These tools also assist in deciding how best to develop a field and how to plan for contingencies related to the uncertainties in the knowledge of the subsurface characteristics of the field in addition to uncertainties associated with implementing a particular field development scheme.
  • Software tools additionally exist for assessing the difference between actual and predicted outcomes for the development of the field which allow the user to predict volumetric output but not necessarily the ability to recover hydrocarbons, or the commercial viability of a specific hydrocarbon reservoir.
  • Such known software tools provide a single reservoir analysis without a broader understanding of risks elements of the entire prospect such as: structural integrity, reservoir quality, and amplitude of each reservoir within a prospect.
  • Available software tools provide methods for separate analysis of risk and uncertainty associated with a single reservoir risk element. In other words, the risk and uncertainty for each reservoir risk element is analyzed separately and such methods do not account for the interrelations and dependencies between the risk elements within a petroleum system.
  • risk and/or uncertainty elcment(s) means the risk and uncertainty associated with an identified subsurface characteristic of interest.
  • Another issue with the prior art software tools is that when different tools are used for risk and uncertainty evaluations of different characteristics of a particular prospect or reservoir, each of those tools will have differing graphical user interfaces that require the geologists or petroleum engineers to use valuable time to learn how to use each of the tools.
  • Increased widespread and variable inconsistencies between predicted reserves and field production show there is a need for methods, software tools and analyses which can assess the integrated risks and confidence of each of the hydrocarbon reservoirs and the entire prospect.
  • the present invention is intended to address this need.
  • the present invention overcomes the above-described and other shortcomings of the prior art by addressing the need for an integrated assessment of the risk and uncertainty of an exploration prospect.
  • the present invention includes an integrated environment wherein each risk elements of each reservoir of interest is evaluated and considered within the overall prospect review.
  • One embodiment of the present invention includes a method for integrating multiple analytical processes for evaluating risk and uncertainty elements of an exploration prospect.
  • the method includes defining at least one exploration prospect in an integrated environment, and defining at least one reservoir for a reservoir included in the exploration prospect.
  • the method also includes defining parameters for a plurality of reservoir evaluation tools for the reservoir in the integrated environment.
  • the method further includes applying one of the reservoir evaluation tools to a subset of reservoir information, and integrating the reservoir evaluation tool results and data regarding the exploration prospect and the reservoir to generate a risk and uncertainty scorecard in the integrated environment.
  • the method includes repeating the above- described steps for each of the plurality of reservoir evaluation tools wherein each reservoir evaluation tool is applied to a related subset of reservoir information, and each risk and uncertainty scorecard has a comparable output format.
  • the present invention utilizes the reservoir evaluation tools to determine the risk and uncertainty with such reservoir characteristics as reservoir amplitude, reservoir seal capacity or quality, reservoir volume and visualization, and hydrocarbon charge.
  • the present invention includes an integrated environment wherein each of the reservoir evaluation tools utilizes similar graphical user interfaces.
  • each of the reservoir evaluation tools utilizes similar graphical user interfaces.
  • the present invention includes a "reservoir evaluation tool" that term is used to describe evaluation tools that are used for assessing the risk and uncertainty associated with petroleum systems, prospects and reservoirs.
  • This element of the present invention greatly reduces the time a user will have to spend learning each of the evaluation tools by giving the user a similar "look" and "feel” for each of the reservoir evaluation tools in the integrated environment.
  • the risk and uncertainty scorecard generated for each of the reservoir evaluation tools include similar graphical outputs.
  • the integrated environment allows for information regarding an exploration prospect and associated reservoir to be stored in the integrated environment.
  • the present invention thus provides an efficient way of storing and accessing information regarding the prospect and reservoirs.
  • the reservoir evaluation tools of the present invention utilize the data stored in the integrated environment, the data used for each evaluation will be consistent.
  • analysis could be run at the portfolio level. That analysis could include identifying the high risk prospects, cost analysis and assessing which prospects or reservoirs are ready to go forward and be developed.
  • the integrated environment of the present invention additionally provides a method of ensuring that each prospect or reservoir within a company's portfolio goes through the same analysis and evaluations.
  • exploration prospect characteristics can include the name, location and type of the prospect and/or reservoir.
  • one embodiment of the present invention includes a security feature, wherein access privileges must be granted to a user.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flowchart illustrating an overview of steps taken in a preferred embodiment of the present invention for determining risk and uncertainty elements of an exploration prospect in an integrated environment
  • FIG. 2 shows a flowchart of the steps used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention for determining reservoir amplitude risk and uncertainty
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the steps used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention for determining reservoir seal capacity risk and uncertainty
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of the steps used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention for determining reservoir volume and visualization risk and uncertainly
  • FIG. 5 shows a flowchart of the steps used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention for determining hydrocarbon charge risk and uncertainty:
  • FIG. 6 shows a flowchart of the steps used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention for generating a risk and uncertainty scorecard.
  • the present invention provides a novel tool and method for integrating different evaluation processes for evaluating the risk and uncertainty elements of exploration prospects prior to drilling. Accurately forecasting potential risks and uncertainty elements increase hydrocarbon acquisition and development success rates.
  • the software tool of the present invention is referred to herein as the "Advisor Workflow" or program.
  • the Advisor Workflow is the software framework used to integrate the reservoir evaluation software tools, which evaluate the risk and uncertainty associated with various prospect and/or reservoir attributes. Capturing and integrating risk and uncertainty information for each reservoir within a prospect is important for a full understanding of the exploration prospect or petroleum system.
  • the reservoir evaluation software tools may include tools for determining the risk and uncertainty associated with reservoir amplitude, reservoir seal capacity or quality, reservoir volume and visualization, and/or hydrocarbon charge (referred to individually as “Reservoir Evaluation Tool” or collectively as “Reservoir Evaluation Tools”).
  • a reservoir evaluation tool may determine the risk and uncertainty associated with the likelihood of deepwater reservoir presence.
  • the integrated environment of the present invention can also include related analytical tools associated with evaluating the prospects and/or reservoirs such as column height calculator, volume estimation tool, and analog catalog for deepwater reservoirs.
  • reservoir characteristics or attributes such as amplitude, seal capacity and/or volume and visualization are quantified through the collection and analysis of geological data.
  • Two main types of data come from well log and seismic data. Seismic data is considered in the art to be "soft" data. Seismic data must go through multiple highly interpretive and analytical steps before the data can be used to interpret the attributes of a prospect or reservoir. Even after the data is processed and imaged, an experienced geologist must still interpret the various 2D and 3D geological models to identify potentially hydrocarbon-bearing subsurface formations.
  • Well data is considered to be "hard” data as actual geological formations are sampled or recorded to provide a more realistic determination of the subsurface geology.
  • exploratory wells are expensive and during the initial stages of exploration may not be available for a particular area. Even if well logs are available for a particular prospect or reservoir they generally provide sparse information on an entire prospect's or reservoir's geology as well logs are accurate only for the geology in the vicinity of the borehole. Petroleum companies are constantly evaluating the quality and the risk and uncertainty of the data for a given prospect or reservoir to determine the commercial viability of exploration prospects and producing reservoirs.
  • the present invention provides an integrated environment wherein reservoir evaluation tools which determine multiple risk and uncertainty elements efficiently analyze the same data, characteristics and parameters of a given prospect or reservoir.
  • a prospect is identified as having potential recoverable hydrocarbons.
  • Geological and geophysical data is collected for the subsurface characteristics of the potential reservoirs within the prospect.
  • the reservoirs comprising the prospect can be addressed individually or can be addressed collectively on a prospect level using the Advisor Workflow.
  • the program user answers questions related to subsurface characterization data availability and quality for each risk aspect within each Reservoir Evaluation Tool.
  • the Advisor Workflow links and integrates the Reservoir Evaluation Tools creating a common interface and common output formats, permitting users to learn one tool with the ability to access and use all of the Reservoir Evaluation Tools.
  • the Advisor Workflow uses a weighted system, the Advisor Workflow generates a risk and uncertainty scorecard for subsurface attributes or characteristics using the results from a Reservoir Evaluation Tool, and the information regarding the prospect and reservoir characteristics.
  • Each Reservoir Evaluation Tool can be applied to each reservoir identified within a prospect.
  • the Advisor Workflow will provide a risk and uncertainty scorecard for each Reservoir Evaluation Tool applied to a reservoir within a prospect.
  • each Reservoir Evaluation Tool analyzes a specific prospect or reservoir attribute using a series of questions.
  • a user answers those questions using a set of answers which have been generated and weighted by experienced geologists, petroleum engineers, geophysicists and other analysts. The weighted answers are then utilized to generate the risk and uncertainty scorecards.
  • less experienced personnel can benefit from the experience of a company's more seasoned personnel.
  • This is extremely important in the petroleum industry, where as mentioned; much of the interpretation, processing and even in some cases obtaining data is highly interpretive.
  • Successful petroleum companies have been through many trials and tribulations in finding and producing commercially viable hydrocarbon reserves.
  • the experiences and analytical skills of the seasoned personnel are invaluable.
  • the present invention provides a method whereby the experiences and analytical skills of a company's seasoned personnel can be preserved and utilized by less experienced personnel.
  • the present invention thus provides an analytical tool which provides a consistent evaluation of a company's portfolio of prospects and reservoirs.
  • Petroleum companies typically receive data in various formats from multiple vendors and the present invention additionally provides a method for efficiently gathering and processing data to provide a complete analysis of the prospect for commercial viability.
  • the Advisor Workflow results for each reservoir are available for evaluation and comparison at the reservoir level and at the prospect level, providing an efficient and complete analysis of the entire prospect.
  • the calculated scorecard is used as a basis for the prospect production forecasts and reserves estimates and can be performed before investment in drilling and the collection of hard data, such as well log data. ⁇ s the prospect evaluation process matures and more information becomes available the initial Advisor Workflow results can be used for comparative review and updating. This provides a mechanism to continuously fine-tune the prospect evaluation process to accurately forecast potential risks and uncertainty elements and increase hydrocarbon acquisition and development success rates.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a workflow of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • ⁇ prospect is defined as having a potential of a plurality of hydrocarbon recovery reservoirs.
  • the first step in the Advisor Workflow process is to define an exploration prospect using geographical and geological information 10.
  • a user enters information in the integrated environment of the Advisor Workflow such as the prospect name, residing country, block, latitude and longitude to define the prospect.
  • Other prospect information which can also be entered is expected hydrocarbon type: oil, gas, and/or mixture; the basin and geologic type, such as: 4- way trap, stratigraphic trap, compressional flood, salt related structure, U/T or D/T fault trap, and channel/overbank.
  • the Advisor Workflow is a secured environment, permitting the user to identify members and access privileges.
  • the next step illustrated in Fig. 1 is defining the geological and geophysical data that has been collected for the subsurface characteristics of the potential reservoirs within the prospect 20.
  • the reservoirs comprising the prospect can be addressed individually or can be addressed collectively on a prospect level using the Advisor Workflow.
  • the Advisor Workflow user enters generic reservoir information for each reservoir of interest in the prospect.
  • Information relating to a reservoir such as the reservoir name, status, structural trap type, true vertical depth (TDDss), depth below mudline, age, expected hydrocarbon type, stratigraphic trap type, and depth of water, to define and characterize each reservoir.
  • Reservoir status information relates the level of the reservoir evaluation process, for example: concept, lead, prospect, discovery, dry, or goes to appraisal and development.
  • Reservoir structural trap type for example: 3-way, salt weld, combination, fault/salt weld, faulted 4-way or none.
  • the TDDss is the measured depth to the crest of the reservoir structure, including water depth and depth below mudline.
  • Reservoir age is entered such as Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene. Oligocene. Eocene, Triassic, and/or Permian.
  • Expected hydrocarbon types include oil, gas, condensate and/or oil and gas mixture.
  • Stratigraphic trap type entries may include: none, truncation, lateral pinchout, lateral fades change, channel, and/or other.
  • Each reservoir of interest within an exploration prospect is defined as described above using available geological and geophysical data and information. Additional reservoirs can be added to a prospect within the Advisor Workflow as the prospect evaluation process matures and additional reservoirs are identified.
  • the user determines the subsurface characteristics of interest and selects the corresponding Reservoir Evaluation Tool for determining the risk and uncertainty associated with the subsurface characteristic of interest.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation Tools may include tools for determining the risk and uncertainty associated with reservoir amplitude, reservoir seal capacity or quality, reservoir volume and visualization, and/or hydrocarbon charge.
  • the user defines the Reservoir Evaluation Tool parameters for the selected Reservoir Evaluation Tool to be used 30 as illustrated in Fig. 1. It should be appreciated that other types of the Reservoir Evaluation Tools may be used and are considered within the scope of the present invention.
  • Parameters for a Reservoir Amplitude Evaluation Tool may include information related to the interpreter to account for interpretation bias, expected amplitude versus offset (AVO), top of overpressure TVDss depth, and seismic data type and scope. While parameters for a Reservoir Seal Evaluation Tool may include information related to the interpreter, fault name, top seal analog basin, type of fluid contacting the seal, fault seal calculation type, lop seal name, fault seal analog basin, top seal lithology and pore pressure. The selected Reservoir Evaluation Tool is then applied to the parameters.
  • the user can enter parameters for one or more Reservoir Evaluation Tools and apply each Reservoir Evaluation Tool to a one or more reservoirs defined within the prospect.
  • the user selects and applies the Reservoir Evaluation Tool corresponding to the entered parameters.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation Tool provides a set of answers to a series of questions related to each of the process with the selected Reservoir Evaluation Tool.
  • the questions for each Reservoir Evaluation Tool have been designed to capture information and assumptions known by experienced geologists and geophysicists to influence the risk and uncertainty associated with the subsurface characteristic of interest.
  • the questions asked within each Reservoir Evaluation Tool overlap, providing a process check and ensuring data integrity in data considered in the integrated Advisor Workflow.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation Tools illustrated are the Reservoir Amplitude Evaluation Tool 100, the Reservoir Seal Capacity Evaluation Tool 200, the Reservoir Volume and Visualization Evaluation Tool 300, and the Hydrocarbon Charge Evaluation Tool 400.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation Tools will be described in greater detail later in the specification.
  • the last step in the Advisor Workflow is to generate a risk and uncertainty scorecard for each Reservoir Evaluation Tool applied to a reservoir 40.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation Tools calculate a score for associated risk and uncertainty static and dynamic characterizations, and provides a measure of how robust or technically consistent a proposed development scheme is given the complexities and uncertainties in the definition of the scheme and of the reservoir(s).
  • the scores allow comparison with other development schemes and with other projects, assist in planning additional subsurface technical work by highlighting the key uncertainties which are likely to impact the outcomes, and are valuable in determining the relative confidence of the probabilistic production estimates for the field.
  • the information analyzed by each of the Reservoir Evaluation Tools is interrelated and dependant on the information analyzed by the other Reservoir Evaluation Tools within the integrated environment of the Advisor Workflow.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation fool also identifies issues and problems with the data that the Tool has used in its evaluation process.
  • the Reservoir Evaluation Tool also identifies whether or not the data for a prospect or reservoir is complete and where gaps, if any, in the data are. Identification of strengths and weaknesses of each of the components analyzed in each of the Reservoir Evaluation Tools is graphically displayed to indicate the level of "goodness" and level of confidence associated with each component.
  • Steps 20 through 40 of the workflow illustrated in Figure 1 can be repeated to score additional reservoirs in the same prospect.
  • the present invention allows for the evaluation process to be continuously updated as new information or data becomes available.
  • Reservoir Evaluation Tool for various reservoirs are comparable within a prospect and with other reservoirs in different prospects.
  • the scorecards generated from the various Reservoir Evaluation Tools within a reservoir are integrated because the questions asked within each Reservoir Evaluation Tool are comparable.
  • the output of the Reservoir Tools include a graphical format, such as a spider graph, to indicate areas lacking sufficient data scope or quality, and the level of confidence associated with each component analyzed.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates one embodiment of the workflow of the Reservoir Amplitude Evaluation Tool 100.
  • the workflow includes querying the user on various topics relating to reservoir amplitude, specifically regarding the quality and type of data, and the analysis which went into determining the reservoir amplitude.
  • Evaluation Tool Information is first entered 110 such as date, user, version and the status of the exploratory stage or development.
  • the Reservoir Amplitude Evaluation Tool 100 then generates a series of questions each with a related set of answers for the user to choose from directed to seismic data 120, seismic data quality 130, well log data 140, forward modeling 150, and seismic data to well data calibration 160. Once those steps have been completed the scorecard for qualitative/quantitative seismic amplitude analysis and risk is generated 170.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates one embodiment of the workflow of the Reservoir Seal Capacity Evaluation Tool 200. Similar to the Reservoir Evaluation Tool 100, the workflow includes querying the user on various topics relating to reservoir seal capacity, again regarding the quality and type of data, and the analysis which went into determining the reservoir seal capacity. Evaluation Tool Information is first entered 210, and then the Reservoir Seal Capacity Evaluation Tool 200 generates a series of questions each with a related set of answers for the user to choose directed towards seismic data quality 220. rock and pressure data 230, top seal data quality 240, structural framework of the reservoir 250, and stratigraphy 260. Once those steps have been completed the scorecard for qualitative/quantitative reservoir seal capacity analysis and risk is generated 270.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates one embodiment of the workflow of the Reservoir Volume and Visualization Evaluation Tool 300.
  • the workflow includes querying the user on various topics relating to the reservoir volume and visualization regarding the quality and type of data, and the analysis that went into determining the reservoir and prospect volume and visualization.
  • Evaluation Tool Information is first entered 310, and the Reservoir Volume and Visualization Evaluation Tool 300 generates a series of questions each with a related set of answers for the user to choose directed towards geologic regional data 320, well data 330, seismic data coverage and quality 340, net/gross estimate from seismic data 350, seismic indicators of sand presence 360, and geological classification 370. Once those steps have been completed the scorecard for qualitative/quantitative reservoir volume and visualization analysis and risk is generated 380.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates one embodiment of the workflow of the Hydrocarbon Charge Evaluation Tool 400.
  • the workflow includes querying the user on various topics relating to the hydrocarbon charge regarding the quality and type of data, and the analysis that went into determining the hydrocarbon charge.
  • Evaluation Tool Information is first entered 401 , and the Hydrocarbon Charge Evaluation Tool 400 generates a series of questions each with a related set of answers for the user to choose directed towards source presence 420. source character 430. maturity and generation 440, migration and entrapment 450, quality alteration 460, and hydrocarbon volumes 470. Once those steps have been completed the scorecard for qualitative/quantitative hydrocarbon charge analysis and risk is generated 480.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates that each risk and uncertainty scorecard 40 utilizes the Defined Exploration Prospect Information 510, the Reservoir Evaluation Tool

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un système pour intégrer de multiples procédés analytiques pour évaluer des éléments de risque et d'incertitude d'un système pétrolier. L'environnement intégré fournit un moyen cohérent d'analyse pour évaluer de multiples systèmes pétroliers comprenant des zones d'intérêt à explorer et des réservoirs, dans lequel de multiples outils d'évaluation peuvent être utilisés et chacun des outils a un « aspect » et un « ressenti » analogues, de telle sorte qu'un utilisateur peut utiliser efficacement la totalité des outils dans l'environnement intégré. Les outils d'évaluation analysent des ensembles de données communes à l'intérieur de l'environnement intégré, de telle sorte qu'une évaluation cohérente d'un système pétrolier peut être effectuée.
EP07865726.9A 2007-01-15 2007-12-15 Procédé et système pour évaluer un risque et une incertitude de zones d'intérêt à explorer Withdrawn EP2104845A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/623,286 US7467044B2 (en) 2007-01-15 2007-01-15 Method and system for assessing exploration prospect risk and uncertainty
PCT/US2007/087690 WO2008088636A1 (fr) 2007-01-15 2007-12-15 Procédé et système pour évaluer un risque et une incertitude de zones d'intérêt à explorer

Publications (2)

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EP2104845A1 true EP2104845A1 (fr) 2009-09-30
EP2104845A4 EP2104845A4 (fr) 2015-12-16

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US (1) US7467044B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2104845A4 (fr)
CN (1) CN101578512B (fr)
AU (1) AU2007343653A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0720925A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2673762A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA200970691A1 (fr)
NO (1) NO20092840L (fr)
WO (1) WO2008088636A1 (fr)

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NO20092840L (no) 2009-08-14
BRPI0720925A2 (pt) 2014-03-25
WO2008088636A1 (fr) 2008-07-24
AU2007343653A1 (en) 2008-07-24
EP2104845A4 (fr) 2015-12-16
CA2673762A1 (fr) 2008-07-24
US7467044B2 (en) 2008-12-16

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