EP2109344A2 - Heizkörper eines Elektroradiators, der einen Metallheizfaden in spiralförmiger Aufwicklung mit differenzierten Spiralzonen umfasst - Google Patents

Heizkörper eines Elektroradiators, der einen Metallheizfaden in spiralförmiger Aufwicklung mit differenzierten Spiralzonen umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2109344A2
EP2109344A2 EP09305304A EP09305304A EP2109344A2 EP 2109344 A2 EP2109344 A2 EP 2109344A2 EP 09305304 A EP09305304 A EP 09305304A EP 09305304 A EP09305304 A EP 09305304A EP 2109344 A2 EP2109344 A2 EP 2109344A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turns
helical winding
zones
heating element
filament
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09305304A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2109344A3 (de
Inventor
Vincent Aminot
Benoît Williamson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Atlantic Industrie SAS
Original Assignee
Atlantic Industrie SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Atlantic Industrie SAS filed Critical Atlantic Industrie SAS
Publication of EP2109344A2 publication Critical patent/EP2109344A2/de
Publication of EP2109344A3 publication Critical patent/EP2109344A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of electric radiator heaters, more particularly the heaters of the type comprising an electric heating resistor associated with a metal diffuser, as well as radiators incorporating such heating bodies.
  • the heating resistors of the electric radiator heating bodies comprise a core formed of at least one metal filament which is embedded in a lining of both thermal conductor material and electrical insulator (dielectric material).
  • the most frequently used packing is magnesia (MgO) in the form of compacted grains.
  • MgO magnesia
  • the metal filament connected to the power supply serves as an electrical resistance and is usually in the form of a regular helical winding.
  • the metal filament is introduced into one or more recesses formed directly in the metal diffuser of generally flat shape.
  • the housing is then filled with magnesia which is compacted by surrounding the filament and holding it in place along the longitudinal axis of said housing.
  • the helically wound metal filament is placed in a metal tube, along the longitudinal axis of said tube and surrounded by compacted magnesia.
  • the filament / magnesia / tube assembly here constitutes a tubular heating resistor which is directly fixed, for example by welding, to the surface of the metal diffuser to form the heating body of the electric radiator.
  • the heating element may comprise either a single heating resistor disposed in the central part of the diffuser, for example according to a single central longitudinal positioning, or several heating resistors according to parallel longitudinal positions extending between the two transverse edges of the diffuser.
  • said tubular resistor may meander on at least one of the faces of the diffuser, with rectilinear portions, preferably parallel and arranged longitudinally and curved portions located near the transverse edges of the diffuser.
  • the main function of the metal diffuser is to diffuse and distribute the calories emitted by the heating resistor by increasing the exchange surface with its environment.
  • the diffuser may be in the form of a substantially flat plate for the insertion of the heating body preferably in radiating electric radiators, or be in the form of perforated fins as in electric convectors.
  • the temperature of the diffuser is not homogeneous over its entire surface.
  • the central zone of the diffuser is, for the same distance from said resistance, hotter than the end zones of the filament located near the transverse edges of the diffuser.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to improve the homogeneity of the diffuser temperature of the electric radiator heater body, without increasing the dimensions of the diffuser or the associated heating resistor (s) (s) ( s).
  • Another object of the present invention is to improve the homogeneity of the temperature of the diffuser without modifying the positioning of the electric heating resistance nor the structure of the diffuser, with respect to the current heating bodies.
  • Another object of the present invention is to reduce the dimensions of the diffuser and therefore of the heating element in order to achieve material and cost.
  • the present invention relates to an electric radiator heater body, of the type comprising an electric heating resistance associated with a metal diffuser, in the form of a plate or fins, the heating resistor comprising a core formed of at least a helically wound metal filament embedded in a lining of electrically conductive thermal and insulating material, such as magnesia, characterized in that the helical winding of the metallic filament has at least two zones of differentiated turns, differing from a zone to another by their linear power of heating.
  • This differentiation of the linear heating power of said zones can be obtained by turns differentiating from one zone to another by parameters geometric (eg arrangement of turns, shape of turns, diameters of filament) and / or the nature of their constituent material.
  • the helical winding comprises two zones of turns, called end zones of the winding, disposed near at least one of the edges of the diffuser, and at least one intermediate coil zone, disposed between said zones. end, the turns of said intermediate zone being different from the turns of at least one of said end zones of the winding.
  • the winding of the turns of at least one of said end zones has a pitch different from that of the turns of at least one intermediate zone.
  • the pitch of the turns of at least one of the end zones of the helical winding is less than the pitch of the turns of at least one intermediate zone of said winding.
  • the helical winding is tighter in at least one of the end zones near a transverse edge of the diffuser; the linear power of the diffuser is then increased in this or these zone (s), making it possible to compensate, at least partially, the heat losses.
  • the pitch of the turns is progressively decreasing from said at least one intermediate zone to at least one of the end zones of the helical winding.
  • the turns of at least one of the end zones of the helical winding have a diameter different from that of the turns of at least one intermediate zone.
  • the diameter of the turns corresponds to the diameter of the helical winding of the metallic filament.
  • the diameter of the turns of at least one of the end zones of the helical winding is greater than that of the turns of the at least one intermediate zone, and even more preferably the diameter of the turns is progressively increasing from said at least one intermediate zone to at least one of the end zones of the helical winding.
  • the length of the filament and thus the linear power of the helical winding is increased in the end zone (s) relative to the intermediate zone, allowing an increased heating of the edges of the diffuser and thus a better homogenization of the the temperature on the surface of the entire diffuser.
  • the zones of differentiated turns of the helical winding are differentiated from one zone to another by the nature of their constituent materials.
  • the turns of at least one of the end zones of the helical winding can be made of a material with a lower electrical conductivity than the constituent material of the turns of the at least one intermediate zone.
  • the helically wound metal filament prefferably has a larger filament section in at least one of the end zones of said winding than in said at least one intermediate zone.
  • the resistivity of the filament is increased in the end zone (s) and consequently the linear power of heating.
  • the helically wound metal filament may be either a continuous filament of a single section, or may consist of a filament comprising at least two sections arranged in series and interconnected. by electrical conductive connection means, each section substantially corresponding to a differentiated turn zone.
  • the turns of two end zones of the helical winding may be identical or different from each other by their arrangement, their shape, the nature of their constituent material, or the diameter of the filament, or by several of these parameters.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing the helical winding of the metal filament with zones of differentiated turns for a heating body as described above.
  • the method is characterized in that it consists, from a uniform helical winding, of selectively stretching or tightening at least a portion of the turns of the helical winding corresponding to said zones, for example by selectively stretching the turns of the central area intermediate of the helical winding or by "compressing" (or “compacting”) the turns of said helical winding in the end zones, before or during filling with the electrical insulating material.
  • the method according to the present invention may also consist, from a uniform helical winding, to increase the diameter of at least a portion of the turns of the helical winding corresponding to said end zones.
  • the present invention also relates to any electric radiator, radiator type electric radiator or electric convector, comprising a heating body disposed in an envelope, the heating body being as described above.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 are schematized heating bodies 1 according to the present invention, in which a diffuser 2, here of substantially flat and rectangular shape is associated with one or more heating resistors 3.
  • the diffuser 2 consists of extruded profiles (for example aluminum) or two stamped plates (for example aluminum or steel) contiguous, assembled by welding or screwing and leaving between them longitudinal housing 10.
  • a spiral-wound metal filament 5 is disposed along the longitudinal axis of said housing.
  • the filament / dielectric material assembly forms a heating resistor 3 connected to the power supply 4.
  • the Figures 3 and 4 show a second variant of construction of the heating body 1.
  • the heating resistor 3 is in the form of a metal tube 6 curved U-shaped, the two rectilinear branches are arranged parallel to the longitudinal edges of the diffuser, said tube being fixed for example by welding on one of the faces of the diffuser 2.
  • the diffuser 2 may be here, for example, a rectangular steel plate.
  • the figure 5 in section according to AA, a welding detail of the heating resistor 3 presented to the figure 3 .
  • the heating resistor 3 consists of a metal tube 6 in which is disposed, in its axial part, a metal filament 5 wound helically wound in a dielectric material (electrically insulating) 7, here a packing consisting of grains of magnesia (MgO ) compacted.
  • the tube 6 is fixed by welding points 8 to the metal plate forming the diffuser 2.
  • the figure 6 is a sectional view along BB of a portion of the heating resistor 3 of the figure 5 showing the helical winding of the filament 5 developing along a coaxial line, here rectilinear, of the tube 6.
  • this helical winding has a diameter d of turns of constant value and a regular winding, that is to say a constant pitch p between the turns.
  • the metal filament 5 forming the core of the heating resistor 6 is thus characterized by its pitch p which corresponds to the distance between two adjacent turns and its diameter d.
  • the linear heating power of the resistor and therefore of the heating element is substantially proportional to the length of the metal filament 5. This linear heating power increases when the diameter d of the helical winding increases or when his step p decreases.
  • the diameter and / or the pitch of the helical winding are modified so as to vary the linear power of heating, and therefore the temperature of the heating resistor, and thus of the associated diffuser, in specific zones.
  • the turns of the end zones Ze of the helical winding have a pitch Pe less than the pitch Pi of the turns of the intermediate zone Zi.
  • This modification of the pitch of the turns can be obtained by stretching the filament in the central intermediate zone Zi of said winding or by, as shown on FIG. figure 8 , the series series of helical windings sections of different pitch. These sections are put in series and interconnected by electrically conductive fixing strips 9.
  • the embodiment of the metallic filament schematized at figure 7 can be implemented in the heating bodies as presented to the Figures 1 and 3 .
  • each metal filament 5 is more "tight”, that is to say no shorter, in its end zones Ze 1 and Ze 2 , and more "loose”, that is, that is to say, no larger, in the intermediate zone Zi, located between the two end zones Ze 1 and Ze 2 .
  • the helical winding of the metal filament 5 is not shorter in the end zones Ze 1 and Ze 2 (where the helical winding develops around a straight coaxial line) located near a transverse edge 12 of the diffuser, with respect to the pitch of the turns of the intermediate zones Zi 1 and Zi 2 .
  • a further differentiated helical winding of the filament in a particular intermediate zone Zi 3 approximately corresponding to the curved portion of the electrical resistance, namely a "looser” winding, that is to say say at no longer than the pitch of the turns of the intermediate zones Zi 1 and Zi 2 substantially rectilinear.
  • a "looser” winding that is to say at no longer than the pitch of the turns of the intermediate zones Zi 1 and Zi 2 substantially rectilinear.
  • the turns of the helical winding of the metal filament are closer together and induce a higher linear power of heating, and at the curved portion of the resistance, the turns of the helical winding of the metal filament are further apart inducing a linear heating power lower than that of the intermediate zones Zi 1 , Zi 2 , in order to rebalance the temperature differences between the different regions of the diffuser, and to achieve greater homogeneity.
  • the diameter of the turns of the helical winding is variable. It may be, for example, of value of the ends of the helical winding and of value di at least in the intermediate zone Zi, as shown in FIG. figure 9 .
  • the metal filament is made of a homogeneous metal material, for example a nickel-chromium alloy, containing 80% by weight of nickel.
  • the sections of the helical winding corresponding to zones Ze and Zi may be of different natures, namely of material of different electrical conductivity, for example by varying the percentages of the constituents of the alloy forming the filament.
  • the sections of the helical winding corresponding to zones Ze and Zi can have a filament of different diameter, between 0.10 and 0.50 mm, for example respectively 0.20 mm for the Ze zone and 0.40 for the Zi zone.
  • the nature of the filament material and its diameter must be compatible for use as an electric heater heater electrical resistance component, that is to say able to withstand without damage temperatures up to 450 to 500 ° C about.
  • the heating body consists of a diffuser of the type shown at figure 1 , plane, length 700 mm and width 260 mm, made of extruded aluminum having two housings for electric heating resistors 3.
  • Each of the two heating resistors 3 comprises a metal filament core with uniform and uniform helical winding with a constant pitch of approximately 1 mm and with a diameter of 2.5 mm, which corresponds to a total filament length of approximately 5.10 m.
  • the filament itself is made of nickel-chromium alloy with 80% nickel and a diameter of about 0.50 mm.
  • the electrical power of each resistor is 375 W.
  • the linear power of the heater is 1.07 W / mm.
  • the figure 10 schematizes the isotherms on the surface of the diffuser.
  • the average temperature of this heater was 184.6 ° C.
  • the broadcaster as presented to the figure 1 is flat, 640 mm long and 260 mm wide, in extruded aluminum.
  • Each of the two heating resistors 3 comprises a metal filament core (of the same type and diameter as in Comparative Example 1) with a helical winding with a constant pitch of approximately 0.95 mm in the intermediate zone Zi (corresponding to a linear heating power of 1.19 W / mm over a length of 220 mm), and of steps of about 0.65 mm in the end zones Ze 1 and Ze 2 (corresponding to a linear heating power of 1.68 W / mm over a length of 65 mm).
  • the diameter of the turns of this helical winding is 2.5 mm, which corresponds to a total filament length of approximately 5.10 m.
  • the electrical power of each resistor is 375 W.
  • Tmin 208 ° C (thank you confirm) .
  • the ⁇ T of only 78.9 ° C is reduced compared to that of Example 1.
  • the average temperature is 194 ° C.
  • the maximum temperature of the diffuser according to the invention is only 5.4 ° C lower than the basic model (Example 1), while ⁇ T (Tmax - Tmin) also dropped by 5.4 ° C and the average temperature increased by nearly 10 ° C. It is therefore possible to have heating bodies of reduced dimensions relative to the heating bodies of the prior art with a better homogeneity of the temperature.
  • the invention is applicable to all types of heating bodies for radiators or electric convectors existing currently on the market, consisting of an envelope in which is housed this heating body.
  • the present invention also relates to processes for producing helically wound filaments of shape corresponding for example to the winding shown in FIG. figure 7 .
  • Helical winding metal filaments are made with machines that deform a wire and wind it on itself in one direction longitudinal, such as a coil spring. According to the prior art, the pitch p of the wire is constant. In order to manufacture helically wound metal filaments with variable pitch, from prefabricated metal filaments with constant pitch, several methods can be implemented.
  • One method consists in pre-stretching certain portions of the metal filament 5, before accommodating it in the tube 6 of the heating resistor 3 (cf. figure 3 ), or the housing 10 of the diffuser 2 (cf. figure 1 ). This stretching could even go as far as to obtain almost rectilinear sections (the pitch p of the metal filament 5 then tending towards infinity), in certain selected zones.
  • Another method consists in varying the tension of the metal filament 5 during the filling of the tube 6 or the housing 10 with the dielectric material 7.
  • a portion of the metal filament 5 is surrounded by the dielectric material 7, it is possible to stretching more or less the portion of the metal filament 5, before filling a new section of tube 6 with said material and then compacting it.
  • the final shape of the filament after filling and compacting the dielectric material 7 is for example schematized by the figure 7 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP09305304A 2008-04-11 2009-04-09 Heizkörper eines Elektroradiators, der einen Metallheizfaden in spiralförmiger Aufwicklung mit differenzierten Spiralzonen umfasst Withdrawn EP2109344A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0802016A FR2930109B1 (fr) 2008-04-11 2008-04-11 Corps de chauffe pour radiateur electrique comportant un filament metallique a enroulement helicoidal a zones de spires differenciees et procede de realisation dudit enroulement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2109344A2 true EP2109344A2 (de) 2009-10-14
EP2109344A3 EP2109344A3 (de) 2010-06-02

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EP09305304A Withdrawn EP2109344A3 (de) 2008-04-11 2009-04-09 Heizkörper eines Elektroradiators, der einen Metallheizfaden in spiralförmiger Aufwicklung mit differenzierten Spiralzonen umfasst

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EP (1) EP2109344A3 (de)
FR (1) FR2930109B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102421274A (zh) * 2011-08-12 2012-04-18 李润清 一种散热器
FR3015173A1 (fr) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-19 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Element filaire chauffant pour une conduite de chauffage et de transport d'un liquide lave glace

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB165443A (en) * 1920-06-22 1922-08-01 Cutler Hammer Mfg Co Improvements in or relating to electric heaters
GB671117A (en) * 1948-04-30 1952-04-30 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in and relating to electric heating elements
CH360144A (de) * 1957-03-09 1962-02-15 Bleckmann & Co Elektrischer Rohrheizkörper
US3461275A (en) * 1968-01-26 1969-08-12 Pyrotel Corp Infrared quartz heater
US3678249A (en) * 1970-10-21 1972-07-18 Arc O Vec Inc Heater element
FR2302174A1 (fr) * 1975-02-25 1976-09-24 Elpag Ag Chur Procede de liaison a froid de pieces metalliques sous l'effet d'une force de compression
JP2852552B2 (ja) * 1990-04-16 1999-02-03 自動車機器株式会社 シーズヒータおよびその製造方法
FR2683299B1 (fr) * 1991-10-30 1996-02-02 Jovanovic Dragomir Procede et appareil a emission infrarouge pour la cuisson d'aliments en forme de galette.
US5774627A (en) * 1996-01-31 1998-06-30 Water Heater Innovation, Inc. Scale reducing heating element for water heaters
FR2764161B1 (fr) * 1997-05-27 2004-09-03 Muller Et Cie Procede de realisation de resistances electriques de chauffage par rayonnement et convection a geometrie adaptable et resistances ainsi obtenues
DE19940618A1 (de) * 1999-08-27 2001-05-03 Watlow Gmbh Kabelheizelement

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102421274A (zh) * 2011-08-12 2012-04-18 李润清 一种散热器
FR3015173A1 (fr) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-19 Valeo Systemes Dessuyage Element filaire chauffant pour une conduite de chauffage et de transport d'un liquide lave glace
EP2887765A1 (de) * 2013-12-17 2015-06-24 Valeo Systèmes d'Essuyage Aufheizendes leitendes Drahtelement für die Herstellung einer Heiz- und Transportleitung einer Scheibenwaschflüssigkeit mit kontrollierter linearer Heizleistung, entsprechende Heizleitung und entsprechende Scheibenwischvorrichtung
US9902374B2 (en) 2013-12-17 2018-02-27 Valeo Systèmes d'Essuyage Heating conductive wire-like element for the manufacture of a washer fluid heating and carrying pipe with controlled linear heating power, and associated heating pipe and wiper device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2930109A1 (fr) 2009-10-16
FR2930109B1 (fr) 2023-05-19
EP2109344A3 (de) 2010-06-02

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