Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
  • E04C2/08—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of metal, e.g. sheet metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
  • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
  • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
  • E04C2/3405—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B29/00—Accommodation for crew or passengers not otherwise provided for
  • B63B29/02—Cabins or other living spaces; Construction or arrangement thereof
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
  • B63B3/14—Hull parts
  • B63B3/48—Decks
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T29/00—Metal working
  • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
  • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

• the invention relates to a structural aluminum composite panel comprising two parallel sheets interconnected by profiles and its manufacturing method.
• the invention is particularly useful in the field of construction of large vehicles.
• Hollow composite panels are used in a large number of structures.
• horizontal panels are used as floors and vertical panels are used for separations in the fields of civil and industrial construction, and in the field of transport (particularly shipbuilding, truck construction and aircraft construction). ).
• FR 1,024,889 discloses a plurality of geometries for hollow composite panels having two walls held by spacers consisting of thin corrugated or embossed metal sheets or the like extending continuously over the entire surface of a panel member.
• metal foils does not allow to achieve sufficient mechanical strengths for the most demanding achievements.
• US 6,574,938 discloses a sandwich panel comprising at least one sheet and at least one shrink element whose size is substantially similar to that of the sheet and whose sectional profile has a succession of adjacent trapezoidal patterns.
• the manufacturing method comprises a step of winding the fretted element which is difficult to envisage for thick metal which limits the application of this invention in terms of mechanical strength.
• FR 2,207,581 (Wendel-Sidelor) discloses a hollow steel slab consisting of two sheets held at a distance by U-shaped connector members and bordered by sealed edges, all the elements being secured by gluing.
• EP 0 589 054 discloses stainless steel honeycomb panels formed from corrugated sheet metal or throat-shaped materials.
• WO 02/32598 Discloses a metal sandwich structure comprising a core having a plurality of individual honeycomb sections spaced apart from each other, and a first and a second cover panel secured by laser welding and marrying at the ends the shape of the sections.
• EP 1 133 390 discloses an aluminum panel comprising two parallel sheets joined to the peaks and valleys of a corrugated sheet, preferably by welding. A particular alloy (alloy of the family 5XXX, including zinc) was selected for the manufacture of corrugated sheet. The mechanical strength properties of the panel obtained are not specified.
• EP 1 222 993 A1 (Hitachi) thus describes the assembly by welding hollow sections to make a panel.
• This technique has the disadvantage of requiring many assemblies due to the limited width of the profiles, which weakens the structure.
• panels assembled by friction stir welding comprising sheets separated by aluminum honeycomb structure, these panels comprising peripheral profiles.
• the disadvantages of the metal panels of the prior art are multiple.
• the mechanical strength of the panels is limited by the characteristics of the interlayers. It is indeed difficult, and this requires a costly investment, to obtain corrugated or shrunk sheets with thick sheets, such as in particular sheets whose thickness is greater than 1 mm or 2 mm.
• the panels of the prior art are essentially symmetrical with respect to a transverse and / or longitudinal plane or it would be desirable to be able easily to adapt, if necessary locally, the mechanical resistance of the panel to the stresses it will have to undergo so as to optimize the local compromise between its weight and its mechanical resistance.
• a first object of the invention is a metal composite panel for the construction comprising at least two sheets (21) and (22) substantially parallel and, arranged between them, profiles (3) substantially parallel to each other and fixed to said sheets said at least three sections serve as spacers for separating said sheets and are arranged so that the average distance between two adjacent profiles is not necessarily uniform but adapted to the local conditions of use of said panel
• a second object of the invention is a method of manufacturing a metal composite panel comprising at least two substantially parallel plates and, arranged between them, at least three substantially parallel sections between them, fixed to said sheets, and serving as dividers for separating said sheets, characterized in that it comprises the following successive steps:
• the maximum mechanical stresses likely to be exerted on said panel are determined as a function of the application for which said panel is intended, (iii) an elastic limit and a density are chosen for the sheets and the profiles, (iv) the optimal geometry of the panel is calculated in particular,
• step (b) the geometry of the profiles, (c) the gap between the profiles, so as to obtain the panel having the lowest weight possible that withstands the stresses determined in step (ii), and, if the weight obtained is greater than that determined in step (i), it returns to step (iii),
• step (v) the difference between, on the one hand, the cost of the solution obtained by making a suitable choice of metallic materials for the geometry optimized in (iv), and on the other hand the cost determined in step (i). and if it is positive we return to step (iii),
• step (vi) supplying the sheets and profiles chosen in step (v),
• Still other objects of the invention are the use of a composite panel according to the invention as floor of a rolling vehicle or steering wheel or as a floor, deck, floating vehicle ramp.
• Figure 1 shows an example of composite panel according to the invention.
• FIG. 2 shows an example of stress applied for calculating the geometry of the panel (FIG. 2a: sectional view, FIG. 2b, view from above).
• Figure 3a shows an example of starting geometry for calculating the parameters of the composite panel.
• Figures 3b to 3d show three examples of geometries obtained.
• Figure 4 shows the geometry used in the context of an exemplary embodiment.
• Figure 5 shows for different geometries used the weight of the panel according to the maximum local stress.
• Figure 6 shows Geometry 2 used in Example 2. Description of the invention
• the designation of the alloys follows the rules of The Aluminum Association, known to those skilled in the art.
• the metallurgical states and heat treatments are defined in the European standard EN 515.
• the chemical composition of standardized aluminum alloys is defined for example in the standard EN 573-3.
• sheet metal is used here for rolled products of any thickness.
• profile is used here to denote a wrought product of uniform cross section over its entire length and shape other than bar, wire, tube, sheet or strip.
• a metal panel is said composite in that it consists of several metal elements assembled together.
• a metal composite panel according to the invention comprises at least two sheets (21) and (22) substantially parallel and, arranged between them, profiles (3) substantially parallel to each other and fixed to said sheets.
• the number of profiles is at least three and preferably at least ten.
• a metal panel according to the invention is characterized in that said profiles, at least three in number, serve as spacers for separating said sheets and are arranged so that the average distance between two adjacent sections is not necessarily uniform but adapted to the local conditions of use of said panel In the case of a composite panel used as a truck floor, it can thus further space the profiles in the part of the panel near the cabin, on which no handling equipment can only drive in the near end of the other end on which the handling equipment is moving.
• the precise adaptation of the panel to the local conditions of use makes it possible to significantly reduce the weight of the panel for a given application.
• Figure 1 illustrates a composite panel according to the invention (1).
• Two sheets (21) and (22) are spaced and assembled by profiles (3).
• the sheets are spaced a distance h which corresponds to the height of the profiles in the direction H perpendicular to the plane of the panel.
• the adjacent profiles are substantially parallel to each other in the direction L and spaced an average distance d in the direction D.
• the composite panel comprises three sections defining two distances d between identical profiles.
• the ratio R is between 0.2 and 1.5 and preferably between 0.4 and 1.0.
• the composite panel is used as a floor, it is advantageous to distinguish the upper sheet (21), in contact with the load transported from the lower sheet (22). Indeed, in this case, it is advantageous that the upper plate (21) has mechanical characteristics (Ro > 2 and R m ) greater than that of the lower plate (22) and / or a greater thickness.
• the superior mechanical characteristics are obtained in particular by the choice of the alloy and / or the metallurgical state. Given the constraints imposed, which are typically those of a floor capable of supporting motorized vehicles possibly carrying loads, the optimum thickness of the upper sheet is typically between 2 and 4 mm and that of the lower sheet is typically between 1 and 3 mm.
• the thickness of the top sheet is preferably higher by at least 30% and preferably at least 50%, the thickness of the lower plate ⁇ in particular if this lower sheet of the mechanical properties at least equal to those of the upper plate.
• the thickness of the sheet is the thickness outside the thickness of the relief.
• the upper plate is in direct contact with the transported loads and must provide mechanical functions as well as contact functions.
• the function of the lower plate is to reinforce the assembly of the panel and for certain applications to protect the upper plate and the profiles of the outer projections, in particular to prevent their corrosion. In one embodiment of the invention, however, a perforated lower sheet is used to limit the weight of the panel.
• the panel is used as a floor that the upper face of the upper sheet provides a non-slip function.
• an engraved sheet that is to say a sheet on which a pattern has been printed hollow or in relief, on one or both sides.
• the upper face of the upper plate is etched.
• a sheet made non-slip by any other method, including grooving or sanding.
• a relief comprising a plurality of elongated lines, substantially linear or not, is fine.
• Such patterns are known as the standard names in EN1386 "Damier 2", “Damier 5", “Diamond”, “Barley grain”, “Almond”, and other designations such as “Grain de rice “,” Diamonds “,” Pine cone “,” Damier 3 “(derived from Damier 2 with three parallel lines instead of 2),” Damier 4 “(derived from Damier 5 with 4 parallel lines instead of five) . All these descriptions describe succinctly and figuratively the form of the pattern.
• the checkerboard sheets are also called D2, D3, D4, D5, depending on the number of parallel lines that make up the pattern.
• a pattern that is suitable for carrying out the present invention is that described in French patent FR 2 747 948 (Pechiney Rhenalu).
• the profiles can be oriented either in the direction parallel to the length of the panel or in the direction perpendicular to the length of the panel.
• the panel when the panel is used as the floor of a rolling vehicle, or steering wheel, such as in particular a truck, a wagon, a cargo plane, a handling means such as a container, the profiles are oriented in the direction perpendicular to the length of the panel, as in the example of Figure 1, while when the panel is used as a floor (including fixed or temporary bridge, a bridge), a floating vehicle, such as in particular a ship , the profiles are oriented in the direction parallel to the length of the panel.
• the profiles used in the context of the invention are obtained by spinning.
• the profiles (3) used in the context of the invention comprise at least one transverse portion (31) intended to space the sheets and at least two lateral portions (321) and (322) intended to come into contact with the sheets ( 21) and (22).
• at least one transverse portion (31) is inclined from 5 ° to 70 ° and preferably from 5 ° to 60 ° relative to the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the sheets.
• the end of the side portions in contact with the sheets is rounded, because an end with a sharp angle, typically a right angle, is unfavorable for assembly by gluing.
• the thickness of the profile is not identical in the transverse portion and the lateral portions. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the profile is higher in the transverse portion than in the lateral portions.
• the profiles consist of at least 5 and preferably of 5 segments, referenced b, c, g, j, and k the transverse portions (31) consisting of at least two and preferably two segments (c and j), the upper lateral portion (321) consisting of at least two and preferably two segments (b and k) and the lower lateral portion (322) consisting of at least one segment and preferably a segment (g), the segment g connecting the two transverse portions.
• a segment is a portion of the section of the profile having two ends: either a free end and an end defined by a non-zero junction angle with another segment, or two ends defined by a non-zero junction angle with another segment.
• the profiles consist of at least nine segments and preferably nine segments, referenced a, b, c, d, g, hj, k and 1, the transverse portions (31) being constituted by at least two segments and preferably of two segments (c and j), the upper lateral portion (321) being constituted by at least four segments and preferably by four segments (b, d, h and k) located on either side of the transverse segments and the lower lateral portion (322) consisting of at least three segments and preferably of three segments (a, g, 1), the segment g connecting the two portions cross.
• This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the composite panel is assembled by gluing.
• the segments added with respect to a five-segment geometry make it possible to considerably reduce the stresses within the glue.
• the maximum stress calculated within the glue is at least 30% less and in some cases at least 50% less than a geometry that does not include these additional segments.
• Additional profiles with the same or different geometry as used for the intermediate profiles (3) can be used at the periphery of the panel so as to partially or completely close the space between the sheets.
• the sheets and profiles are made of aluminum alloy.
• the sheets used in the context of the invention are 5XXX alloy, preferably alloy 5052, 5083, 5086 or 5383.
• an alloy sheet 5083, 5086 or 5383 is advantageously used for the upper sheet while an alloy sheet 5052 or 5383 is advantageously used for the lower sheet.
• the metallurgical state of the sheets used is typically a state H.
• the profiles used in the context of the invention are 5XXX alloy typically in an H or 6XXX state typically in the T5 or T6 state, preferably in the state T6.
• families of different alloys are used on the one hand for the sheets and on the other hand for the profiles.
• the corrosion resistance of the selected alloys is important especially for certain applications (in particular for panels intended for shipbuilding).
• plated sheets are used.
• the underside of the bottom plate is plated.
• Composite panels according to the invention are advantageously used as floor of a rolling vehicle, floor, deck and / or ramp of floating vehicle or floor of flying vehicle.
• the maximum cost and weight acceptable for its production are determined as a function of the application for which said panel is intended. This technical and economic imperative is determined by various criteria that can include in particular the cost of existing solutions according to their weight.
• the maximum mechanical stresses likely to be exerted on the panel are determined. This estimate can be made by a calculation imposed by a regulation or chosen according to a particular use. In the case of shipbuilding, the level of constraint and its method of evaluation is generally imposed by certification bodies that are members of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), such as DNV (Det Norske Veritas), Lloyd's Register, ABS (American Bureau of Shipping), Veritas. For example, this type of specification can be found in the rules DNVHSC, Part 5, Chapter 2 "Car Ferry”.
• FIG. 2 An example of applied stress is given in Figure 2.
• a mass (4) is applied to the composite panel (1) fixed on two supports (5).
• the load simulates a truck wheel or load transport vehicle. The load can be moved on the panel.
• the objective to be achieved is defined in terms of deformation of the panel and / or in terms of maximum level of acceptable local stress.
• the maximum level of acceptable local stress depends on the yield strength of the materials used and the intended conditions of use.
• a safety factor is defined with respect to the elastic limit of the material to take into account, among other things, fatigue strain conditions.
• a yield point and a density are chosen for the sheets and the profiles. These values are determined in a reasonable way according to the most promising materials for the realization of the panel.
• a fourth step the optimal geometry of the composite panel is calculated.
• the objective of this step is to find the panel with the lowest weight possible that resists the constraints determined in the second step.
• a starting geometry for the calculation An advantageous example of starting geometry is given in Figure 3a.
• the composite panel (1) consists of two sheets, an upper plate (21) and a lower plate (22), spaced and assembled by sections (3) divided for the purposes of calculation into 12 sub-segments, referenced by a letter from "a” to "1".
• the transverse portions (31) are constituted by the sub-segments "c" and "j".
• the upper lateral portion (321) which is in contact with the upper plate (21) is constituted by the sub-segments "b", “d”, “f", “h” and “k”.
• the lower lateral portion (322) which is in contact with the lower plate (22) is constituted by the sub-segments "a”, “e", "g", “i” and "1".
• a sub-segment is a computing unit that can during simulation digital either be deleted or give alone or in combination a segment of the optimized solution. For example, a sub-segment differs from a segment in that the angle between sub-segments may be zero (see Fig. 3a, sub-segments d, f and h). In the case of horizontal use of the panel, the upper plate is the sheet in contact with the load.
• the starting geometry used for the profile is advantageous because it allows to reach directly most of the final geometries of possible profiles.
• the calculation advantageously carried out by finite elements, consists in varying the various parameters: thickness of the sheets, length and thickness of each sub-segment of the profiles so as to obtain an optimized solution, that is to say, presenting the best compromise between the weight of the panel, the maximum level of local stresses and / or the deformation of the panel.
• the thickness of the sheets always remains greater than a minimum value of 0.1 mm and preferably 0.5 mm.
• the thickness of the profile sub-segments is either zero (in this case this profile sub-segment is not used) or greater than a minimum value of 0.5 mm and preferably greater than 1 mm.
• the length of the sub-segments of the section whose thickness is zero may not be zero so as to generate two profiles (see Figure 3d).
• the vertical sub-segments can advantageously be inclined, the angle between the direction perpendicular to the plane defined by the plates (H) and the vertical sub-segments, when they are inclined, being between 5 ° and 70 ° advantageously between 5 ° and 60 ° and preferably between 10 ° and 45 °.
• FIGS. 3b and 3c Case of a local applied load
• 3d case of an applied load distributed over the entire surface.
• the geometry obtained for the profile is shaped "Omega", the upper side portions "b" and "k” being thicker than the lower side portion "g".
• the upper plate (21) is thicker than the lower plate (22).
• 3c represents an optimization in which the shear of the glue at the end of the contact zone has been taken into account.
• the geometry obtained for the profile is shaped "I".
• the sub-segments "f" and “g” have a zero thickness but their length has increased compared to that of Figure 3a. It is possible, for practical or economic reasons, to freeze certain parameters, for example, it is possible to impose an identical thickness for the lower plate and the upper plate, or to impose an "Omega" shape for the profile by limiting the number of sub-segments. It is found that the optimization returns in many cases to find the best compromise between the height of the transverse portions (sub-segments "c” and "j” of Figure 3) and the distance between the profiles.
• Optimization can also take into account economic requirements such as, for example, the cost of assembling the profiles according to the number of profiles used and the cost of manufacturing the optimized geometries.
• the weight obtained is compared to the objective determined in the first step, if the weight obtained is greater than this objective, we return to the third step.
• the cost of the solution obtained is calculated.
• the most suitable metal alloys to reach the elastic limit and density conditions are selected and the cost of obtaining the sheets and profile for these alloys in the optimized geometry is determined.
• the difference between the cost of the solution obtained by making a suitable choice of metallic materials for the optimized geometry and the cost objective determined in the first step is calculated, and if it is positive, it returns to the third step.
• the sheets and profiles are selected alloy selected having the desired geometry.
• the panel is assembled.
• the assembly is performed using a method in which there is no metal melting.
• fusion welding methods are not used in the context of the invention.
• Methods requiring a thermal treatment of the panel at a temperature greater than 200 0 C or even greater than 150 0 C are also unfavorable because they generate a loss of mechanical properties.
• the sheets and profiles are assembled by bonding without firing, advantageously using a two-component epoxy type glue, the elements being assembled by pressurization, typically between 50 and 100.
• EXAMPLE 1 the structure of a composite panel according to the invention optimized for a stress as described in FIG. 2 was calculated.
• a mass of 2 tonnes (4) of surface 144 cm 2 (length 180 mm, width 80 mm) is applied to the composite panel (1) fixed on two supports (5).
• the length of the panel was 13.8 m and its width 2.3 m.
• the profiles are perpendicular to the direction of the length of the panel.
• the general shape of the profile has not been optimized, the "Omega" shape as described in FIG. 4 has been used.
• FIG. 1 the structure of a composite panel according to the invention optimized for a stress as described in FIG. 2 was calculated.
• a mass of 2 tonnes (4) of surface 144 cm 2 (length 180 mm, width 80 mm) is applied to the composite panel (1) fixed on two supports (5).
• the length of the panel was 13.8 m and its width 2.3 m.
• the profiles are perpendicular to the direction of the length of the panel.
• thickness of the sheets ej: upper plate and e 2 : lower plate
• distance between the sections d
• thickness of the different parts of the section e 3 thickness of the transverse portion
• e 4 thickness of the upper lateral portion in contact with the upper sheet
• es thickness of the lateral portion lower in contact with the lower plate.
• the thicknesses of the different parts of the profile have been fixed.
• a thickness of 2.8 mm was fixed for e 3 and es.
• a thickness of 5 mm was fixed for e 4 .
• the values of d 2 , d 3 , d 4 and d 5 were set at 120 mm, 27 mm, 45 mm and 50 mm, respectively.
• a panel was made in which the thickness of the upper sheet and that of the lower sheet were 3 mm and the distance between the profiles was 80 mm.
• the upper plate consisted of 5086 alloy in the H244 state while the lower plate consisted of 5383 alloy in the H34 state.
• the profiles consisted of alloy 6005 in the T6 state.
• the sheets and profiles were assembled by gluing using a two-component epoxy type glue.
• the thickness of the glue was controlled by a piano wire positioned on the parts of the profiles in contact with the sheets, in the area of lower stress.
• the glue was crosslinked under pressure without heating.
• a sample of the panel obtained with a size of 500 mm by 1300 mm was tested under a force of 30 000 N applied to the center of the sample. No crack was observed, either on the glue, the profiles or the sheets. The maximum displacement observed was 6 mm.
• Example 2 the structure of a composite panel according to the invention optimized for a stress as described in FIG. 2 was calculated.
• a load of 0.4 MPa (4) with a surface area of 365 cm 2 (length 215 mm ( parallel to the profiles), width 170 mm (perpendicular to the profiles)) is applied to the composite panel (1) fixed on two supports (5).
• the length of the panel was 2.4 m and its width 0.6 m.
• the general shape of the profile has been optimized.
• the "Omega" form as described in FIG. 4 was used as the first calculation. In a first calculation, the stresses within the adhesive were not taken into account and it was applied as a criterion to obtain a maximum stress (von
• the following parameters have been optimized: thickness of the upper and lower plates, distance between the profiles, profile geometry (length and thickness of the different starting sub-segments).
• the local constraint is calculated for each element of the grid of the computation and the maximum local stress is thus obtained for each geometry considered.
• Geometry 1 exactly corresponding to that obtained by the first calculation and a second geometry (Geometry 2) in which 4 sub-segments were added to the form described in Figure 4, in accordance with Figure 6.
• Geometry 2 There is a very clear advantage of Geometry 2 including a reduction of the order of 50% of all the maximum stresses in the glue.
• Geometry 1 Geometry 2

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• Architecture (AREA)
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• Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

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• 2007
  • 2007-02-09 FR FR0700923A patent/FR2912490B1/fr active Active
• 2008
  • 2008-02-08 EP EP08761854.2A patent/EP2115233B1/de not_active Not-in-force
  • 2008-02-08 US US12/028,226 patent/US8393129B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2008-02-08 WO PCT/FR2008/000151 patent/WO2008113911A2/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2008-02-08 AU AU2008228154A patent/AU2008228154B2/en active Active

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